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Although community college educators believe their programs benefit their students through cognitive development, until now no good evidence was available. The fourth follow‐up of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 allows the controlled assessment of the value of two‐year institutions. The results indicate that while whites benefit cognitively from two‐year post‐secondary programs, blacks do not. In 1947, the President's Commission on Higher Education (1947, p. 9) concluded that, “The first goal in education for democracy is the full, rounded and continuing development of the person. ... To liberate and perfect the intrinsic powers of every citizen is the central purpose of democracy, and its furtherance of individual self‐realization is its greatest glory.” From these principles the specific goals of higher education are derived (Bowen, 1977). The formal academic program and extra‐curricular life of an academic community are intended to help students develop in three respects: cognitive learning, affective development, and practical competence (Bowen, 1977). It is assumed that as these goals are realized so are the powers of the individual. Whenever there are goals to be reached in any endeavor, it is natural to ask whether they are in fact being realized. Bowen (1977) compares education to an industry that is responsible for disclosing both its costs and outcomes. Assessing the outcomes of higher education is necessarily a complex task; nevertheless attempts have been made to pull together information from a variety of studies and draw conclusions from them (e.g., Feldman and Newcomb, 1969; Bowen, 1977; Pace, 1979). In general the effects of college attendance have been found to be positive. Attending college raises the level of knowledge and cognitive powers of students, increases psycholgocial well‐being, understanding, tolerance and self‐reliance, and helps students develop skills and traits that make them more adaptable to a variety of social and work situations (Bowen, 1977). Comprehensive evaluations of higher education have been limited to four‐year colleges. For example, Kar‐weit and McPartland (1981) studied the cognitive gains produced by postsecondary schooling, and found that college attendance enhanced vocabulary skills, but only maintained mathematic skills. In contrast, little has been done to evaluate outcomes of community college attendance, although educators within community college systems stress the importance of accountability in establishing the much maligned credibility of community colleges (Roueche and La Forge, 1974; Miller, 1979). The absence of research on community colleges is in part due to the variety of functions that community colleges have assumed. Community colleges were originally intended to open the doors of education to all high school graduates, especially the economically disadvantaged (Monroe, 1972). Emphasis was placed on providing two years of additional general education beyond high school, and on low‐cost preparation for students who wished to transfer to four‐year colleges in the third year. In 1947 the President's Com‐mision on Higher Education (1947) suggested that the emphasis of two‐year colleges should be shifted to preparation for semiprofessional white collar and vocational occupations. This preparation was not to be at the expense of general education, but in addition to it, for those who desired to learn specific occupational skills. As the popularity of community colleges grew, it also became apparent that many economically disadvantaged students were also academically disadvantaged, and community colleges found themselves in the business of providing remedial courses for many students who were not ready to enter regular academic programs. Although research indicates that community colleges in general place greater emphasis on occupational education than when originally conceived, they remain, at least in philosophy, committed to providing an education that contributes to the intellectual development of their students, whether they are in academic or vocational programs (Monroe, 1972; Cross, 1974). This commitment is in recognition of the fact that cognitive skills such as verbal ability and basic mathematics competence, and affective development in the areas of self‐awareness and interpersonal relations, are necessary to practical competence in most work and social situations. Community college curricula, in general, reflect a commitment to intellectual and affective development. The general education requirement in community colleges varies greatly, but usually consists of a specified number of elective courses to be chosen from the humanities, natural sciences, mathematics, and the social sciences (Monroe, 1972). Remedial programs are primarily for academic deficiencies in reading, language, and mathematics (Monroe, 1972). Although community college programs seem designed to further cognitive and affective development, critics (Scigliano, 1976; Hudson and Smith, 1976) question the ability of community colleges to provide a good general education. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on this point one way or the other. Existing studies are lacking in several ways. For example, Rou‐eche and Kirk (1973) and Lavin et al.(1979) determined the success of programs for academically and economically disadvantaged students in community college programs by looking at grade point averages and completion rates; however, neither of these measures establish gains in cognitive or affective development. Rossmann et al.(1975) measured cognitive development by gain scores on reading and mathematics tests, but they were unable to compare gains against a control group of noncollege attenders. 相似文献
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Based on the research papers dated from 1999 to 2008,on bilingual teaching in universities and colleges collected in the CNKI database,this paper presents the situation of bilingual teaching research during ten years,points out some shortcomings in the above papers,and then proposes some suggestions for the further research in bilingual teaching. 相似文献
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《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2012,26(3)
对桂林市六所高等院校在校学生采取抽样调查,其目的是充分地释放高校夜间体育锻炼的潜力,从而满足广大学生群体夜间锻炼的需求,增加夜间体育的附加值,拓宽夜间体育锻炼在桂林地区高校的辐射面,树立＂健康第一＂的理念和终身体育的目标。 相似文献
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Nathaniel Bray 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(10):744-747
This study explores the usability of community college websites. The value of a college’s website has been well established, as have accepted standards for basic website design. However, current usability standards are less clear and in various stages of acceptance. To consider this question, standards of usability were applied to all community college websites in Alabama. Websites were assessed for usability by use of a modified instrument that includes sample usability task scenarios provided by Cornell University’s Web Accessibility Toolkit and includes items from a similar exploration conducted on a national sample of colleges and universities (Meyer, 2008). The existence of specific website content tailored to prospective part-time students and the use of social media by the Alabama community colleges was also examined. Results show that most colleges meet minimum standards for usability. 相似文献
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Peter Riley Bahr 《Research in higher education》2013,54(4):433-460
In this study, I draw on Bahr’s (Research in Higher Education 51:724–749, 2010; New Directions for Institutional Research S1:33–48, 2011) behavioral typology of first-time community college students to examine college-level variation in students’ patterns of use of 105 community colleges in California. I find that students’ patterns of use vary greatly across the colleges, and, further, these patterns tend to cluster in such a fashion that colleges may be classified based on dominant or disproportionate patterns of use. Using k-means cluster analysis, I identify five types of community colleges, including Community Education Intensive, Transfer Intensive, Workforce Development Intensive, High-Risk Intensive, and Mixed Use. I describe each of these community college types and then investigate whether the patterns of student use that characterize the identified types appear to be primarily a consequence of institutional policies and practices or, conversely, a product of localized community demand and the associated circumstances and choices of the students who attend a given college. The evidence, though limited, tends to support the latter: variation in patterns of student use across institutions appears to be primarily a product of localized community demand. Finally, I draw on established performance indicators to examine the implications of the identified patterns of student use for observed institutional performance. I find that institutions that differ in terms of dominant or disproportionate patterns of student use also differ significantly and systematically on a number of measures of institutional performance. 相似文献
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Institutions of higher education are looked to by society as the training grounds and gatekeepers for college-trained workers.
However, despite a long history of being viewed by many as unresponsive to labor force needs, the academy has not found ways
of effectively meeting these demands, nor articulating why it is that they have difficulty doing so. This paper discusses
how institutional researchers can help explain to campus administrators and others the role that institutions play in training
individuals for the workplace, and why they cannot always quickly respond to and solve shortages of college-trained workers.
The first section outlines what economic theory and research has to say regarding labor markets, how labor market shortages
arise, and how students make decisions about which major to pursue. The last section describes problems institutional researchers
face when using their skills with data to identify solutions to this problem. Using data from the state of New Hampshire,
it will be shown that the data available to institutional decisionmakers can be out of date, inaccurate, and not particularly
useful for designing policies that would enable an institution to respond to the labor needs of the economy. 相似文献
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Cristobal Salinas Jr. Jacob R. Hidrowoh 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(5):330-339
Latino males across the country enroll in community colleges with the purpose of obtaining an educational degree, which could lead to accomplishing professional and personal aspirations. Even if Latino male students enroll in post-secondary education, they continue to be disenfranchised, vanished, and often rejected through the higher education pipeline. Research regarding access to education shows that money matters to the success of Latino students. Through a metasynthesis, this practice briefly identifies that there is little to no empirical research conducted that explores how Latino male community college students elicit, engage, and explore financial literacy programs. This paper makes recommendations for post-secondary institutions, practitioners, and policymakers to promote Latino males’ success at community colleges. 相似文献
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《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2012,26(2)
微格教学前应复习语言教学理论与实践知识,确定微格教学实施方案,撰写教案并开展课前研讨;微格教学中应注意教师教态与角色转变、课堂用语与指令的准确性以及教学决策的合理性;微格教学后应开展评价与反思。微格教学存在的诸如管理不够完善、指导教师认识模糊、评价标准缺乏系统性等问题应引起注意。 相似文献
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Sixth‐Form Colleges and Incorporation: some evidence from case studies in the north of England 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
There are some important ambiguities in discussions about the implications of ‘evidence‐based practice’, both for educational research and for the work of teachers. In this paper we explore several of these through examining the Evidence‐based Practice in Science Education (EPSE) study—part of the Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP), a major UK research initiative that is explicitly committed to improving the contribution of educational research to policymaking and practice. The field of science education is in some ways a critical case, given that the notion of evidence‐based practice treats scientific research as a privileged source of evidence. We examine the assumptions built into the EPSE study, and how these relate to the classical medical model of evidence‐based practice, and to some other approaches to educational research that are concerned with closing the gap with practice. 相似文献
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Teniell L. Trolian Elizabeth A. Jach Christine A. Ogren Jana M. Hanson 《Research in higher education》2018,59(4):461-488
This study considers how institutional histories of admitting women are associated with present college experiences, and uses data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education to compare the experiences of women at women’s colleges or former women’s colleges to those of women at former men’s colleges and colleges that have always been coeducational. Results indicate that women attending former men’s colleges and colleges that have always been coeducational seem to experience similar or greater frequency and quality of student–faculty interaction and exposure to good teaching practices, compared to women attending women’s or former women’s colleges. Results also suggest that considering the gender enrollment histories of colleges and universities may provide valuable context for evaluating the experiences of women at women’s colleges and coeducational institutions. 相似文献
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Vickie C. Natale 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(10):660-677
The study examined how institutional and student characteristics may influence the earning of student success points by state-supported community colleges under the Texas performance funding system that was fully implemented in the 2016–2017 biennium. Texas has historically funded community colleges based on an enrollment formula; however, the funding system was revised in 2013 by setting aside 10% of the enrollment-based formula funding appropriations to be earned back through a performance funding system based on student success points earned. The quantitative study used a correlation design with three hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the relationships between the student outcomes measures for public community colleges and institutional and student characteristics. The data examined were collected by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and made available to the public through an interactive website tool. Findings showed that although several student and institutional characteristics were significant predictors of the total success points earned, when the analysis focused on the change in success points between two sets of three-year averages, none of the student or institutional characteristics were significant predictors. These findings support the design of the Texas performance funding system and suggest that community colleges serving higher proportions of at-risk students, including students who are a minority, low socioeconomic status, part-time, and are age 25 and older, will not be disadvantaged using the system’s methodology of comparing an institution to its own historic performance. The contributions of this study are intended to assist state policymakers who are designing performance funding systems. 相似文献
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Present Situation&Countermeasures of English Applied Ability for Higher Vocational Colleges Students
The author in this article dictates the problems affecting English teaching, the problems of students’English learning process and the present situation. Taking Huanggang Polytechnic College as an example, he puts forward some countermeasures in order to improve the English applied ability. 相似文献
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Despite baccalaureates in criminal justice (BCJ) being among the most awarded degrees in this country, little published research has appeared in recent years on these programs or their curricula. Using 2015–2016 data collected from the population of BCJ-granting institutions (N = 670) in the U.S., we partially replicated Southerland’s 2002 Criminal justice curricula in the United States: A decade of Change and extended Sloan and Buchwalter’s 2016 The state of bachelor’s degree programs in the United States: Institutional, department, and curricula features analyses of BCJ curricula by comparing selected features of them across three groups of colleges/universities: public, private, not-for-profit, and private, for-profit. Results revealed significant differences existed in curricula by institutional locus of control, indicating a general lack of consensus on undergraduate curricula, including in such fundamental areas as total hours needed for the major. We discuss the implications of these results for the discipline, including revisiting accreditation as a mechanism for creating standardized curricula, and suggest further research on the status of undergraduate education to help insure the discipline offers the highest quality baccalaureate programs possible. 相似文献