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1.
INTRODUCTION Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a cephalotoxin alkaloid with anti-leukemic activity and had been used successfully in the treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias (O払rien et al., 1995; 1999; Feldman et al., 1992). The principal mecha-nism of action by HHT is the inhibition of protein synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by binding to ribosome and inhibiting polypeptide chain elongation (Tujebajeva et al., 1989; Zhou et al., 1995). HHT had been shown to indu…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Over the recent decades extensive research on atmospheric particles in urban environments was carried out. Most of the following papers refer to their authors’ contribution to air pollution and the effects on human health (Dzubay and Mamane, 1989; van Borm et al., 1989; 1990; Rojas et al., 1990; Paoletti et al., 1991; 1999; Al-Rajhi et al., 1996; McMurry et al., 1996; Querol et al., 1996; BéruBé et al., 1997; Esteve et al., 1997; Harrison et al., 1997; Zou and Hooper…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION In recent years, much progress has been made in the design of control laws for systems subjected to nonholonomic constraint making it impossible to stabilize the system by any time-invariant continuous state feedback control law. This fact stimulates re- searchers to construct time-varying (Jiang and Ni- jmeijer, 1999; Jiang, 2001; Samson, 1995; Tian and Li, 2002) or discontinuous (Chang and Chen, 2002; Ge et al., 2003; Hu et al., 2004; Kim and Tsiotras, 2002; Mnif, 2004;…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION β-1,3-1,4-glucan is the major cell wall compo-nent of barley and other cereal endosperms. It consistsof a polymer of glucose monomers joined by β-1,3-and β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in an irregular fashion(Woodward et al., 1983; Edney et al., 1991). Due toits unique structure, barley β-glucan can be dissolvedin water in high molecular mass and resulting in ahigh viscosity solution. The high-molecular-massβ-glucan released during mashing causes severe fil-tration problems and…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Piezoelectric symmetric structures always play an important role in the use of piezoelectric materials (Olesiak and Pyryev, 1995; Ding et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2003). To improve the durability of this kind of piezoelectric structures, functionally gradient piezo- electric materials (FGPM) have been developed and used to produce these devices such as sensors and actuators (Hauke et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1995). For the case when a rectangular plate made of function- ally gr…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION In order to satisfy the high throughput and lowlatency requirements for next generation mobilecommunication systems, the parallelization of de-coding of Turbo codes (Berrou et al., 1993) has re-ceived remarkable attention. As the interleav-ing/deinterleaving operations may result in memorycontentions, interleaver design (Dinoi and Benedetto,2005; Dobkin et al., 2005; Popovski et al., 2004; Thulet al., 2002) is the bottleneck of the parallel Turbodecoder. For certain inter…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Due to granulites representing products of thedeeper lower crust-upper mantle and having geneticassociation with early crustal evolution and forma-tion of large-scale metallogenic-forming and nonmetallogenic-forming belts, the study of granulitesin the world has resulted in much recent attention(Zhai and Liu, 2001; Liu and Zhou, 1994; Yu et al.,1998; 2003; Li et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001; Yuet al., 2002; Bingen and Stein, 2003; Blein et al.,2003; Garcia et al., …  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) is an important hydrolysis enzyme (Jaeger et al., 1994) excreted to the envi-ronment by plant roots and microorganisms. Many pollutants such as organophosphorus pesticides and synthetic polyesters and polyamides can be degraded by lipase (Monroy-Noyola et al., 1999; Marten et al., 2003). In soil, enzymatic reactions occur in a het-erogeneous rather than homogeneous environment (Huang et al., 1998). Catalytic function of lipase, an extracelluar enzyme, …  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Green gram (Vigna radiata) is an important short duration pulse crop. Due to its high nutritive value, it is grown throughout the tropical countries of South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India (Vavilov, 1951). Among various pests and diseases, nematodes-fungus disease complex particularly of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum poses a great problem to the cultivation of pulse crops by inflicting severe yield losses (Perveen et al., 1999; De et al., 2000; …  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION The decomposition method was introduced by Adomian(1989;1994)in the1980’s for solving linear and nonlinear functional equations(algebraic,dif-ferential,partial differential equations(PDEs)and systems,integral,differential-delay,integro-differen-tial equations,etc.)(Adomian,1989;1994;Guellal and Cherruault,1995;Adomian et al.,1996;Laffez and Abbaoui,1996;Ndour et al.,1996;Guellal et al.,1997;Abbaoui and Cherruault,1999;Adjedj,1999).This method leads to computable,accurat…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Shengmaiyin or Shengmaisan, one of the famous herbal recipes in traditional Chinese medicine, is made from Radix ginseng, Ophiopogon and Schi- sandra. It is used to treat hypotension (Chen et al., 2000; Gui, 2001), cardiovascular system diseases (Qian et al., 2004; Zeng and Zeng, 2004), to increase immunity (Wu et al., 1997; Guo et al., 2004) and cure other diseases (Li et al., 1996; Liu et al., 1998; Fang et al., 2000; Yi et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2003; Wang et al., 200…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is widely used in biochemistry and biotechnology for purifica- tion of proteins (Diamond and Hsu, 1992; Balasubramaniam et al., 2003), enzymes (Pan et al., 2001; Bim and Franco, 2000), amino acids (Li et al., 2002), antibiotics (Yang et al., 1994; Guan et al., 1994), nucleic acids (Ohlsson et al., 1978; Kimura, 2000), aroma compounds (Marco et al., 2000) and lactic acid (Planas et al., 1998). ATPS is mainly composed of two-incompatible p…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Face detection has been widely used in fields such as security, multimedia retrieval, human com-puter interaction, etc. Therefore it becomes one of the most active research areas in computer science. Re-cently, approaches to face detection include neural network (Rowley et al., 1998), boosting (Viola, 2001; Viola and Jones, 2004), template matching (Kim et al.,2000) and skin color (Cai and Goshtasby, 1999; Wang and Yuan, 2001; Soriano et al., 2003), etc. The methods of n…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION The waveguide properties of linear arrays (chains) of silver nano-particles at optical frequencies are well known (Krenn et al., 1997; 1999; Tretyakov and Viitanen, 2000; Girard et al., 1994; Weber and Ford, 2004). Silver spheres and ellipsoids can support forward or backward waves along the chain depend- ing on their polarization state and the eigenfrequency (Krenn et al., 1999; Tretyakov and Viitanen, 2000; Girard et al., 1994; Weber and Ford, 2004). At com- paratively …  相似文献   

16.
Interval standard neural network models for nonlinear systems   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
INTRODUCTION Neural networks have been successfully em- ployed for controlling nonlinear systems since the 1990’s (Narendra and Parthasarathy 1990; Hunt et al., 1992; Suykens et al., 1996). In these nonlinear control systems, neural networks have been used either for modelling the system to be controlled, or for design- ing a controller, or both. Recently, the robustness issue has been an important focus of research in neuro-control circles (Suykens et al., 1996; Wams et al., 1999; Aya…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION Plants have defense mechanisms against patho-gen infection by inducing systemic resistance in re-sponse to localized pretreatment with biological cotrol agents, thus making them resistant to subsequpathogen infection (Caruso et al., 1999; Hammschmidt, 1999; Mohammadi and Kazemi, 2002; yada et al., 1995; Pozo et al., 2002; Ray et al., 199Biological control of plant pathogens has receivmuch more attention. It is well known that plants amicroorganisms symbiosis is a defense m…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION The technology of using waterjet for cleaning is an important problem in engineering. There are many researches on using waterjets for cleaning. Most of them are focused on the relationship between clean-ing parameters and cleaning effectiveness (Louis and Schikorr, 1982; Summers, 1982; Liu et al., 1999; Taggart et al., 2002). However, few researches are related to the optimization of cleaning parameters to improve cleaning performance even if it is very cru-cial for fully…  相似文献   

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Nonlinear modeling of PEMFC based on neural networks identification   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
INTRODUCTION With worldwide increase of air pollution and the environmental consciousness of governments, people have to look for new resources to mitigate the energy crisis and improve the present environmental status (Ferng et al., 2004; Rowe and Li, 2001). Fuel cells are highly efficient and environmentally clean electrical generators (Mann et al., 2000) that convert the chemical energy of a gaseous fuel directly into elec-tricity energy and play an important role in solving the prob…  相似文献   

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INTRODUCTION P450 enzymes are found throughout nature and can catalyze the oxidation of various chemicals (Ortiz de Montellano, 1995). Because of their important roles in these processes, numerous systems have been developed for the expression of P450s in vitro (Helvig and Capdevila, 2000; Nakamura et al., 2001; Deeni, 2001). But P450 enzymes fermentation levels in the microbial system are too low to catalyze the reactions for industrial preparations. Therefore, it is necessary to impr…  相似文献   

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