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1.
Christopher Williams 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,20(1):183-203
The nature of international education as a field of studies has been affected by global changes over the past decade. At the same time, the concept of global security has emerged, bringing together studies related to development, the environment and the understanding of violence. Although much of the education literature reflects the global security approach, it is not a field that has been subjected to much analysis as a whole. This paper provides an assessment of international education as a discipline, and outlines the global security framework. It examines how this framework is reflected in the forms of analysis used by international educationists. Finally it suggests how the central purpose of global security, namely ensuring human survival, could be adopted within international education to provide a clear sense of direction. This has specific implications for such areas as curriculum, assessment, educational provision and planning. 相似文献
2.
Williams Christopher 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,46(3-4):183-203
The nature of international education as a field of studies has been affected by global changes over the past decade. At the same time, the concept of global security has emerged, bringing together studies related to development, the environment and the understanding of violence. Although much of the education literature reflects the global security approach, it is not a field that has been subjected to much analysis as a whole. This paper provides an assessment of international education as a discipline, and outlines the global security framework. It examines how this framework is reflected in the forms of analysis used by international educationists. Finally it suggests how the central purpose of global security, namely ensuring human survival, could be adopted within international education to provide a clear sense of direction. This has specific implications for such areas as curriculum, assessment, educational provision and planning. 相似文献
3.
Solveig M. Reindal 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2016,31(1):1-12
Inclusive education emerged as an idea within United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Special Education Unit and was presented as a new way ahead at the ‘World Conference on Special Needs Education’ in Salamanca in 1994. Since then, it has been on the global agenda as the overriding political objective within education. In spite of this, the international agreement, on an ideological basis, was not initially founded on a common interpretation of the meaning of ‘inclusive education’. However, the Salamanca Statement reflected clearly the idea of overcoming the divide between regular and special education. After 20 years, a vast amount of research and numerous reports and national strategies for implementing inclusive education, there are in these a lack of agreement over a common interpretation of inclusive education. Since 1994, the concept inclusive education has explored the world, so to say, without having landed, and the effort of giving it a clear working definition has thus far been elusive. In order to create a possible common ground for the mutual interpretation of inclusive education, I argue that it is important to see inclusion as an ethical issue. It is crucial to ask again what the purpose of inclusion is. To this end, it is vital to see inclusive education not just as a social and structural matter about how various aspects of a school are organized to meet diverse children’s needs in terms of personnel, pedagogical methods, materials and cultural structures, but also to see inclusive education as an ethical issue. Inclusion impinges on ethical questions because it is for the purpose of something. It conveys something that is valuable. Consequently, I find it pertinent to investigate the ethical aspects of inclusion. I do so in this article, firstly, by juxtaposing different interpretations for inclusive education in the literature. Secondly, I suggest some ethical aspects of inclusion in light of the so-called ‘capabilities’ approach. 相似文献
4.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(3):292-310
AbstractThis study looks at how the education of Learners with Special Education Needs (LSEN) has developed in Lesotho as a result of international policies on human rights and education. In particular, it explores various challenges to inclusive education such as proper understanding of inclusive education, the development of a policy on special and inclusive education, and the availability of resources to support inclusive education. The study used a qualitative approach to collect and analyse data. Thirty-nine participants were interviewed for the study. It was found that, though efforts are made to support LSEN in both special and mainstream schools, the support may not result in successful academic and social development for LSEN. There is also a lack of understanding by teachers and educationalists about what constitutes inclusive education. The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) is slow in developing a policy on special needs and there are inadequate resources for inclusive education to succeed. 相似文献
5.
This paper reports research that evaluated the efficacy of training for education assistants and its impact upon changing practices in a group of private international schools in Hong Kong, China. Two cohorts of education assistants received training through an education institute. The focus was on supporting and fostering inclusive practices in schools. The expectations and perceptions of the education assistants regarding the training was recorded through survey and focus group interviews and discussed alongside international literature in the area of classroom support and inclusive schooling. The paper concludes that the provision of training was successful in meeting education assistants’ expectations and in increasing personal confidence and raising self‐esteem, but that they face many challenges if their learning is to be applied. The research further reveals that education assistants within Hong Kong schools lack clarity in their role and a narrow understanding of how they may be most appropriately utilised within schools has led to a limiting of their deployment. Implications for training providers and the teaching profession are discussed. 相似文献
6.
James Cambridge 《Compare》2004,34(2):161-175
A problem with the construction of an inclusive definition of international education is that the word ‘international’ has a variety of connotations. It is proposed that the term ‘international education’ is ambiguous because it appears to refer to contrasting usages in educational studies. International education is frequently discussed in the context of the related field of comparative education, but a different sense of the term has also developed in the context of the theory and practice of education in international schools and other institutions. This paper compares and contrasts the different usages of the term ‘international education’. It also discusses internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education, as practised in international schools and other institutions, particularly with reference to the history and programmes of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). 相似文献
7.
Umesh Sharma Ann Cheryl Armstrong Laisiasa Merumeru Janine Simi Hannah Yared 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2019,23(1):65-78
ABSTRACTCountries of the Pacific region are currently undergoing significant reforms. While disability inclusive education has been identified as a regional priority by all member nations, implementing inclusive education in the countries of the region can be quite challenging as many barriers continue to hamper the progress of the countries. Unless the barriers are identified and systematically addressed, it is unlikely that the countries will be able to implement a robust and holistic inclusive education strategy. In this paper, we present possible ways in which the countries of the Pacific could make significant progress in implementing a sustainable inclusive education strategy. We used a collaborative approach of co-examining potential barriers that are likely to impede the growth of countries in implementing a comprehensive inclusive education plan of action. We then identified possible strategies that are likely to result in an improved and perhaps more culturally responsive implementation of inclusive education in the Pacific. The most significant barriers identified by the members included: inadequate teacher preparation, stigma and negative attitudes towards people with disabilities, and limited engagement with the local leaders and key stakeholders. Possible strategies for addressing the barriers are outlined and discussed with possible implications for local, regional, and international researchers and policy makers. 相似文献
8.
错用的概念与概念的错误——关于对《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》(公开征求意见稿)的修改意见 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在国际教育领域通行的概念中,成人教育是属概念,继续教育是种概念。各国所称的"继续教育"均是指成人高等教育中对具有大专以上文化程度的成年人所实施的各类培训教育活动,是成人高等教育中的较高层次,而不是面向社会各类成年人开展的所有教育活动的全部。尽管随着实践的发展,继续教育的内涵和外延都有所拓展和延伸,但它仍不能代替或涵盖成人教育。恰恰相反,成人教育却包含了继续教育。 相似文献
9.
Since the early 1990s, life skills education has benefitted substantially from international agency advocacy and support, linked to its implementation in several countries as a key component of the education sector response to sexual health and HIV. The concept of life skills was first promoted by the World Health Organization through its programme on mental health as a means of promoting psychosocial competence. Since then, it has been extended to address a wider range of issues. Life skills-based HIV and sex education has proved to be a durable concept in education sector policy discourse on HIV and AIDS, despite a growing literature on the shortcomings in terms of its effectiveness in implementation in schools and delivering intended learning outcomes. Using a literature review, this paper aims to re-examine the adequacy of the life skills-based HIV education approach including empirical evidence for its effectiveness in educating about and preventing HIV infection among young people. Findings suggest that bureaucratic acceptance and advocacy for life skills-based HIV education has outstripped the theoretical adequacy and empirical evidence base for its effectiveness. Its current position among core indicators for the education sector response to HIV can be considered indicative of frozen thinking or inter-agency group-think. 相似文献
10.
Nidhi Singal 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2006,21(3):239-252
India is currently faced with the formidable task of fulfilling its commitment towards Education for All. This paper presents
findings of a multi-level study, which explored the various meanings, and efforts towards inclusive education in an Indian
context. Using an ecosystemic framework, it discusses the many complex ways in which efforts have been influenced by international
developments and socio-cultural factors within the national context. This paper discusses the emergence of inclusive education,
as being about the education of children with disabilities. It places specific focus on exploring the impact that narrowly
constructed notions of “ability” and “disability” have on efforts undertaken at the government and school level. The paper
concludes by arguing for a need to understand inclusive education, not only in terms of new terminology, policies and legislations,
but also by critically examining the beliefs and values that underpin its developments. 相似文献
11.
The mathematics education community has shown considerable awareness of the international status of their discipline. While
internationalization of the discipline is not a new phenomenon, globalization is a relatively recent term in educational discourse.
This paper presents a theoretical model towards the study of globalization and internationalization in mathematics education
based on previous publication by the authors. Secondly, it identifies some key issues that have been discussed in the literature
and that may require further discussion and research in the field. In particular it discusses the issue of similarity of mathematics
education curricula around the world. The concept of a global curriculum is rejected in favor for more internationalized approach
to curriculum reform based on collaboration between mathematics educators. 相似文献
12.
Since the 1980s, children with disabilities in China have been integrated into general education settings; the practice is
termed sui ban jiu du, literally “learning in a regular classroom” (LRC). The term LRC means “receiving special education in general education
classrooms”, and it is regarded as a practical form of inclusion in China. This paper provides context for understanding the
issues of teacher education and inclusion in China by comparing the concept of LRC in China to the international concept of
inclusive education. It discusses the challenges for and development of LRC at the levels of policy and practice. The main
issues involved in teacher education for special/inclusive education are discussed in relation to the culture and context
of current policy and its implementation, teachers’ attitudes toward LRC, the professional competence of LRC teachers, the
shortage of qualified teachers, and the lack of a national system for special education certification. The final section considers
strategies to develop high-quality inclusive education in China from the perspectives of policy development, professional
development, and the development of procedures for policy implementation. 相似文献
13.
As the concept of ‘inclusive education’ has gained currency, students who would previously have been referred to specialist forms of provision, having been judged ‘less able’, are now believed to belong in mainstream classrooms. However, it is often argued that teachers lack the necessary knowledge and skills to work with such students in inclusive classrooms. This paper reports findings of a study of a new initial teacher education course that starts from the premise that the question is not whether teachers have the necessary knowledge and skills to teach in inclusive classrooms, but how to make best use of what they already know when learners experience difficulty. The theoretical rationale for the development of the course is outlined and examples of how teachers might engage in more inclusive practice are presented. 相似文献
14.
Developments in international inclusive education policy, including in prominent UN documents, often refer to the aim of a quality education for all. Yet, it remains unclear: What exactly is meant by quality education? And, under what conditions are quality educational experiences possible for all learners? In this essay, Diana Murdoch, Andrea English, Allison Hintz, and Kersti Tyson bring together research on inclusive education with philosophy of transformative learning, in particular John Dewey and phenomenology, to further the discussion on these two questions. The authors argue that teacher–learner relationships, of a particular kind, are necessary for fostering environments wherein all learners have access to quality educational experiences associated with productive struggle as an indispensable aspect of transformative learning processes. They define such relationships as “educational relationships that support students to feel heard.” In developing their argument, the authors first analyze the concept of productive struggle, an aspect of learning increasingly recognized in research and policy as an indicator of quality education. Second, they discuss three necessary, though not sufficient, conditions for the teacher to cultivate educational relationships that support students to feel heard. Third, they draw out connections between environments that support feeling heard and those that support productive struggle, and they discuss teachers' challenges and risk-taking in creating such environments. The authors close with a discussion of implications for international policy, practice, and research. 相似文献
15.
教育公平是全纳教育的核心内涵 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
全纳教育是目前国际教育发展的一个重要趋势。在我国全纳教育引 发了人们对教育公平问题的思考。本文借鉴教育公平思想理论,对全纳教育 的起点、过程、结果进行了全方位的分析并指出,全纳教育是一种以教育的公 平为本位的全新教育理念,教育公平是全纳教育的核心内涵。 相似文献
16.
Eric Shyman 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2015,62(4):351-362
While many policies, pieces of legislation and educational discourse focus on the concept of inclusion, or inclusive education, the field of education as a whole lacks a clear, precise and comprehensive definition that is both globally sensitive and based in social justice. Even international efforts including the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Education for All action merely reproduce efforts in the West, especially those of the United States and the United Kingdom. The current article proposes a definition for inclusive education that is both globally sensitive and centred around social justice for individuals with exceptionalities. 相似文献
17.
While great progress has been made by the international community to promote inclusive education for all children, regardless
of race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, gender or disability, many countries still continue to marginalize and exclude
students in educational systems across the globe. High-stakes assessments in market-driven economies have increased exclusionary
practices. Using international databases and research studies, this paper provides evidence of the poor performance of high-stakes
assessment policies, particularly in the United States. The authors analyse and compare the key assumptions and consequences
of a market-based system of education with those of a system that is based upon the principles of inclusive education through
a school-community model and examples from Europe and Latin America. These models demonstrate that the twin goals of quality
and equity can be achieved within a system that addresses educational policy and practices more broadly than market-based
reforms. Conclusions call for policy-makers to respond to the discrimination and exclusion of various populations around the
world by considering the impact of current educational models and the potential they have to support genuinely inclusive education
for everyone. 相似文献
18.
Inna Stepaniuk 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(3):328-352
ABSTRACTInclusive education is key to the development of civic democracy. Its role is to transform schools into platforms of excellence and equality for all students. This literature review aims to summarize the current state of inclusive education in Eastern European countries and former Soviet states and to identify conditions necessary for their educational systems to become more inclusive. The review: (a) discusses the concept of inclusive education as a platform for civic democracy; (b) conceptualizes how historical contexts affect societal attitudes and values towards difference and disability; (c) explores the extent to which available research captures the current state of inclusive education in Eastern Europe, and (d) describes the barriers to inclusive education implementation in these countries. The results of the review show the majority of studies examined attitudes toward inclusive education and people with disabilities. In this regard, although most of participants surveyed accept inclusive education initiatives in principle, they identify a range of barriers that need to be addressed to secure its meaningful implementation in the region. The review situates the possibility of inclusive education in the region’s historical context, identifies the structural and cultural barriers to its meaningful implementation, and suggests directions for future research. 相似文献
19.
Brahm Norwich 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2014,14(1):16-21
This paper aims to examine what the capability approach has to offer to the field of special needs and inclusive education. Several key questions are addressed: can the capability approach replace the language of needs and rights; whether the capability approach can address key issues in the field of disabilities and difficulties in education and whether it is possible to avoid the capability approach becoming a promising trend that ends in disappointment? It is concluded that there needs to be an awareness of its incompleteness and so needs integrating with other approaches. Nevertheless, it is argued that the capability approach provides a renewed ethical approach and some conceptual resources to re‐examine issues in the disability and education field. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/E3WwXuK‐jkg . 相似文献
20.
In both the literature on inclusive education and in international policy development, there has been considerable interest in the use of sets of indicators for the implementation of inclusive education at national and local levels. Drawing on sets of indicators developed in Europe and the Pacific Islands, this study proposes a set of such indicators for Kuwait. These indicators are then presented in a survey of 161 special education teachers working in public elementary mainstream schools across Kuwait. Analysis of the results is used to explore how such indicators could play a role in promoting policy implementation for inclusive education in Kuwait and more widely in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. 相似文献