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1.
《British Educational Research Journal》2005,31(1):7-27
Attempts to demonstrate a relationship between students' approaches to studying in higher education and their perceptions of their academic context have been bedevilled by limitations of the research instruments and the problem of aggregating students' perceptions and approaches across different course units. The extended version of the Course Experience Questionnaire (Wilson et al., 1997) and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (Entwistle et al., 2000) were adapted for use in distance education and administered in a postal survey to students taking seven courses by distance learning with the Open University. Usable responses were obtained from over 2100 students. Both instruments proved to be remarkably robust, and the students' scores on these two instruments shared 61% of their variance. Students' perceptions of the academic quality of courses in distance education are strongly associated with the approaches to studying that they adopt on those courses. 相似文献
2.
陈平 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2005,4(4):107-109
目前大学生人格研究有三种主要视角，其共同的不足之处是离开了人这个主体。大学生们对人格研究的视角现状不满意，我们的人格研究及教育工作低效。从主体的视角对大学生的人格分类进行研究，是激发大学生关注人格的兴趣，走出大学生人格教育及研究工作低效状态的根本出路。 相似文献
3.
4.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(6):355-356
AbstractThis study sought to determine whether the Ethical Reasoning Inventory, a recently developed objective measure of moral reasoning, was susceptible to faking. A total of 174 college students were given the measure with either standard, "fake good," or "fake bad" instructions. The standard condition produced a seven-day test-re test reliability of .80. Subjects were unable to fake upward but were able to lower their scores significantly. In addition, those initially scoring high were able to fake significantly lower than those initially scoring low, possibly indicating a better understanding of the lower stages. 相似文献
5.
Quality of Learning on an MBA Programme: The impact of approaches to learning on academic performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ANGUS DUFF 《教育心理学》2003,23(2):123-139
This investigation: first, examines some psychometric properties of the scores obtained on a 30 item short form of the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI) using samples of postgraduate management (MBA) students (n=75); second, examines the relationship between scores on the three dimensions of the RASI and background variables of age, gender and prior educational experience; third, tests for any relationship between the background variables and academic performance as measured by four distinct types of assessment; and fourth, examines the relationship between scores on the three dimensions of the RASI and academic performance. No previous published work has examined the approaches to learning of postgraduate business students. Key findings include: the instrument has satisfactory psychometric properties; and scores obtained on the RASI using samples of MBA students are good predictors of academic performance in continuous assessment tasks but poor predictors of performance in examinations and oral presentations. 相似文献
6.
This study examines the extent to which personality traits and intelligence scores predict school level academic performance (AP), (British GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education; America Grade 10) in different disciplines. The participant sample consisted of approximately 250 school pupils from three schools in the South East of England. A series of hierarchical regressions were performed with participant discipline-specific subject grades being the criterion variable and demographic, as well and intelligence and personality test scores, the predictor variables. For overall grade intelligence accounted for a fifth of the variance and personality an incremental validity of 8%. Whilst a combination of intelligence, personality and sex accounted for around a quarter of the variance in all four core subjects the pattern was rather different for elected subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of psychometric assessments of candidates at selection. 相似文献
7.
Approaches to studying in distance education 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Responses to the Approaches to Studying Inventory were obtained from 2,288 post-foundation students taking courses by distance learning at the Open University. A factor analysis of their subscale scores produced a solution that was commensurable with results of earlier research carried out with campus-based students. Indeed, their approaches to studying were more appropriate to the avowed aims of higher education, but this could be attributed to age differences between campus-based and distance-learning students. The approaches to studying of distance-learning students were affected by background variables such as gender, age, academic discipline and prior education, and they were more appropriate to the avowed aims of higher education than those of other students taking foundation courses by distance learning. Even when effects of background variables were taken into account, the distance-learning students' approaches to studying were related to pass rates and final grades. In particular, there was a strong negative association between reproducing orientation and academic outcome. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2005,43(6):329-350
The relationship between university students’ perceptions of their academic environment, their approaches to study, and academic outcomes was investigated for first and fourth-final year students. The responses of 88 first and 92 fourth year students were analysed using a path analysis model. Students’ perceptions of the learning environment were measured by an instrument based on the Course Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) and Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) inventories. The Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI) was used to assess students’ approaches to studying. The structure of the ASI inventory was explored by factor analysis. The analysis gave two factors which reflect the deep and surface approaches to studying. Workload does not predict any of the studying approaches and academic outcomes. There was a pattern of relationships between deep approach, perceptions of learning environment which encourage this approach, and outcomes. Assessment methods was the best predictor of satisfaction for all of the students. For the first year students, University grade was not associated with any of the explored variables but the level of satisfaction was predicted by relationships with tutors and fellows. For the fourth year students, good teaching predicted achievement both directly and indirectly through the deep approach to studying. The findings indicate that fourth year students’ perceptions of the current learning environment are a stronger predictor of academic achievement than prior academic ability (university entrance examinations’ grade). The study suggests further exploration of the impact of affect in learning especially for the newcomers. 相似文献
9.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(2):85-94
AbstractA social studies methods course focused on preparing teachers to teach students skills of critical thinking was studied. The course concentrated on the examination of assumptions underlying social studies curricular decisions and on critical thinking skills. Discussion, rather than lecture, was the primary method of instruction. The Dogmatism, F-, and Rigidity Scales were administered as measures of open-closed mindedness. Correlations were run to determine if scores on the three scales were related to ratings of the instructor by the students, using the University of Washington Survey of Student Opinion of Teaching, or to achievement in the course. Scores on the personality measures showed no consistent relationship with ratings of the instructor. There also were no significant relationships between the personality measures and the measures of learning. With a larger sample, many of the correlations would have been statistically significant, even though the relationships were educationally trivial. 相似文献
10.
In order to examine the relationship between broad personality traits and learning approaches, 852 university students completed the NEO-FFI [Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] and SPQ [Biggs, J. B. (1987). The Study Process Questionnaire manual. Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research], which assess personality and learning approaches, respectively. Seven previous studies were used to generate hypotheses on the relationship between these two measures, but only the positive link between Openness to Experience and Deep learning was supported by both correlational and structural equation modelling tests. Openness was also found to be negatively linked to Surface learning, but other Big Five traits were not saliently associated with learning approaches. Results indicate that the overlap between learning approaches and personality traits is lower than previously suggested. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
11.
John T.E. Richardson 《British Educational Research Journal》2012,38(3):399-418
Questionnaire surveys have found a strong relationship between students’ perceptions of their courses and their approaches to studying, but this might result from the operation of response biases. Responses to the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory from 2137 students taking seven courses by distance learning were reanalysed. Both acquiescent responding and extreme responding were found to be consistent traits within individual students between the two instruments. When these were statistically controlled, the overlap in variance between the students’ scores on the two instruments was reduced from 45.3% to 31.9%, and the variation in the students’ course marks explained by their scores on the two instruments was reduced from 21.8% to 18.9%. Nevertheless, the relationship between the two sets of scores remained the same: students who rated their course positively were more likely to show desirable approaches to studying and less likely to show undesirable approaches. 相似文献
12.
Previous studies of “the Chinese learner” have confounded the effects of culture and context or have used heterogeneous samples
of students. In this study, 134 British students and 207 students from mainland China following 1-year postgraduate programmes
at six British business schools completed the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and the Revised Approaches to Studying
Inventory (RASI). The two groups yielded the same factor structure on both instruments. There were no significant differences
in their scores on the CEQ. On the RASI, the British students produced higher scores on deep approach and strategic approach.
These differences could not be attributed to differences in response style. In short, when British and mainland Chinese students
were compared within the same educational context, their perceptions and approaches to studying showed the same underlying
constructs, but in the present context Chinese students were less likely to exhibit deep or strategic approaches to studying. 相似文献
13.
We present a multiple-choice test, the Montana State University Formal Reasoning Test (FORT), to assess college students' scientific reasoning ability. The test defines scientific reasoning to be equivalent to formal operational reasoning. It contains 20 questions divided evenly among five types of problems: control of variables, hypothesis testing, correlational reasoning, proportional reasoning, and probability. The test development process included the drafting and psychometric analysis of 23 instruments related to formal operational reasoning. These instruments were administered to almost 10,000 students enrolled in introductory science courses at American universities. Questions with high discrimination were identified and assembled into an instrument that was intended to measure the reasoning ability of students across the entire spectrum of abilities in college science courses. We present four types of validity evidence for the FORT. (a) The test has a one-dimensional psychometric structure consistent with its design. (b) Test scores in an introductory biology course had an empirical reliability of 0.82. (c) Student interviews confirmed responses to the FORT were accurate indications of student thinking. (d) A regression analysis of student learning in an introductory biology course showed that scores on the FORT predicted how well students learned one of the most challenging concepts in biology, natural selection. 相似文献
14.
采用整群随机取样的方法,通过两种不同的人格教育方式,对河南某高校2007级和2008级应用心理学专业的87名学生进行了为期两个学期的干预实验研究。结果表明:两种不同的人格教育方式均有助于大学生健康人格的培养和心理健康水平的提高。但与传统教育方式相比,健康人格心理学教学模型和教学方法对学习者的人格和心理健康的影响更大。同时,人格教育对人格特征和心理健康只能产生部分影响,而非全部。 相似文献
15.
Eugene Sadler‐Smith 《Educational studies》1996,22(3):367-379
A total of 245 business studies students (115 females and 130 males) responded to the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI). Consistent with earlier studies, the purposes of the present study were (i) to examine some of the psychometric properties of the RASI; (ii) to investigate whether the RASI was predictive of academic success; and (iii) to investigate the effects of gender, age and programme of study on approaches to studying. The data were analysed using principal components factor analysis. The resulting fit of the RASI subscales to the hypothesised structure was good, thus providing support for the notions of deep, surface and strategic approaches and the lack of direction and academic self‐confidence orientations. The reliability of the ‘lack of direction’ subscale was low. The RASI's ability to predict academic performance investigated using a range of learning performance measures. These data were further analysed in terms of degree programme. Subjects’ mean scores on each of the scales were analysed in terms of age and gender. This revealed a number of significant effects. These findings, and the use of the RASI, are discussed in terms of their implications for the requirements for increased learner autonomy in further and higher education. 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to: determine the attitudes of parents, pediatric residents, and medical students from a Turkish population toward childhood disciplinary methods; ascertain the association of participants' abusive childhood history with their attitudes toward discipline; and assess their attitudes about disciplinary actions, which should be reported as abuse. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Social Pediatrics. Sixty-five parents, 39 pediatric residents, and 106 medical students completed a questionnaire (Survey of Standards of Discipline). This questionnaire was designed to measure sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward childhood disciplinary practices, and abusive childhood experiences. There were 43 different disciplinary acts in this questionnaire. The participants were expected to give responses to these acts in three categories: (a) acceptable as discipline; (b) unacceptable as discipline; and (c) unacceptable as discipline-would report to authorities as child abuse. Based on the responses to this questionnaire, we developed the Severity Scale. Using this scale, physical severity scores, verbal severity scores, and total severity scores were measured for each participant. RESULTS: None of the participants accepted life-threatening practices as discipline, but some declared certain abusive disciplinary practices as acceptable. Some forceful disciplinary methods were not considered as reportable by participants. All severity scores of both residents and students were found to be higher than those of the parents (for verbal severity scores p=.042). Also, both verbal and physical severity scores of parents with one child were higher than those of parents with two children (for verbal severity scores p=.044). Ninety-one participants (43.3%) indicated that beating was an acceptable form of discipline. Of parents, 66.9% reported abusive childhood history by their own criteria. Of medical students with an abusive childhood experience, 56.5% accepted beating as appropriate (p=.001). Both verbal and physical severity scores were found to be higher in participants with abusive childhood history. CONCLUSIONS: Abusive childhood history and lack of education regarding appropriate discipline techniques are linked to the acceptance of certain physical discipline practices. Turkey's cultural and traditional norms may be associated with the use of physical punishment, and in some cases, physical abuse. The lack of awareness of abusive discipline methods among physicians constitutes problems for child protection and must be addressed. Thus, educational programs on child disciplinary practices are required to provide an increased awareness of child abuse among health professional trainees and parents in Turkey. 相似文献
17.
C. J. Lawless 《Higher Education》1982,11(6):669-683
Students studying two Open University history of science courses were asked to assess their learning experience in terms of course valuing, content learning, personal learning and behavioural learning, using a questionnaire, the Course Valuing Inventory (CVI), developed in the United States. Their responses confirmed the reliability of the CVI. Factor analysis revealed two main factors, a General Course Factor and a Personal Learning Factor, and confirmed the internal validity of the sections of the CVI.There were significant differences between the responses of the students taking the two courses, with a higher rating from students on the allegedly more difficult course. Limited but significant correlations were found between the CVI responses and measures of attainment, higher for continuous assessment than for the examination. The overall results were similar to those in the original study. 相似文献
18.
目的:比较分析高等院校女生人格状况,为高校女生人格教育提供实证依据。方法:运用大学人格问卷(UPI)在湖南省的某理工院校对504名2005级女生进行人格测查,并抽取男生样本858名作为性别比较因素。结果:(1)有第一类人格问题的女大学生比例显著高于男大学生;女大学生UPI分数显著高于男大学生。(2)女大学生人格问题症状选择率排前列的项目依次为:在乎别人的视线,缺乏自信心,过于担心将来的事情,父母期望过高,情绪起伏过大。(3)非独生女与独生女的UPI分数不存在显著差异;农村生源女生UPI分数显著高于城镇生源女生;文科类女生UPI分数显著高于理工类女生。结论:女大学生人格问题比男生严重,农村生源女生人格问题比城镇生源女生严重,文科类女生人格问题比理工科女生严重;应高度重视女大学生尤其是农村生源女生和理工院校中文科类女生的人格健康教育,以优化她们的心理素质。 相似文献
19.
Previous studies indicate that individuals with borderline personality disorder come from families marked by high levels of psychopathology as well as dysfunctional parenting styles—themes that tend to engender negative attitudes toward parents. However, we are not aware of any studies that have examined perceptions of parenting quality and borderline personality symptoms in a clinical but non-psychiatric population—the purpose of the present study. Using a cross-sectional self-report survey methodology in a sample of internal medicine outpatients, we examined participants’ perceptions of the quality of parental caretaking using a one-item assessment, and examined borderline personality symptomatology using two measures. Ratings of the quality of parental care were statistically significantly inversely correlated with scores on both measures of borderline personality symptomatology. After controlling for the number of caretakers during childhood, the observed statistical relationships remained statistically significant. In this primary care sample, participants with borderline personality symptomatology perceived parents more negatively than those without such symptomatology. 相似文献
20.
Jorge Marchant Carlos González Jaime Fauré 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(5):697-709
In this paper, we analyse the impact of teacher participation in a University Teaching Diploma on student approaches to studying and learning experience. A quasi-experimental and multilevel design was employed. University teachers answered the Approaches to Teaching Inventory and students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Study Process Questionnaire. In addition, contextual variables were included for both teachers and students. The total sample included 44 teachers and 686 students. Of these, 25 university teachers had completed the University Teaching Diploma and 19 had not; 373 students were in courses with a diploma teacher and 313 in courses were not. Results show that those university teachers who have completed the programme have, in their courses, students who were more likely to declare having adopted a deep approach to studying than those teachers who have not participated in the diploma. At the same time, no significant impact was found on the student learning experience. For practical purposes, this investigation provides evidence for the value of teaching development programmes in promoting deeper approaches to studying. For research purposes, it proposes the use of multilevel models to evaluate the impact of university teaching diplomas. 相似文献