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1.
Alba E. Mustaca Fabian Gabelli Mauricio R. Papini Peter Balsam 《Learning & behavior》1991,19(2):125-138
Appetitive contextual conditioning in rats and ringdoves was investigated in six experiments. In Experiment 1, differential contextual training produced greater anticipatory activity in rats in the presence of a context paired with food than it did in rats in the presence of a different context in which food was never presented. Furthermore, the rats showed a preference for the context associated with food when they were given a simultaneous choice test between contexts. In Experiment 2, rats were more active in and preferred a context associated with a variable-time 30-sec (VT30) schedule as opposed to a VT180 schedule. Experiment 3 was a between-subjects replication of the previous experiment. As expected, rats exhibited significantly more anticipatory activity in a context in which food had been presented on a VT30 schedule than they did in a context in which food had been presented on a VT180 schedule. Experiment 4 showed that anticipatory activity was a reflection of context-US associations in ringdoves, and in Experiments 5 and 6, ringdoves also exhibited an inverse relationship between the. amount of anticipatory activity and the length of the interreinforcement interval (IRI). These results reveal a relation between ERI and contextual conditioning opposite from that obtained in studies of aversive conditioning. 相似文献
2.
贾磊磊 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2003,(4):49-55
电影作为一种具有诱导性与强制性的叙事本,实质上左右了观众对影片意义的理解方式,同时为影片的全部意义提供一个潜在的认知结构。在这个结构中,对观众接受、体验方式的角色定位是电影制作极为重要的环节。电影观众便成为一个由电影的制作、观看与观看情境共同建构的电影叙事体系中的角色,一个我们可以潜入其中“窥视”影片内容的“假想替身”。不论是作为“窥视”、“先知”还是“认同”,观众都已经成为电影叙事本中的一部分,观众都被建构为叙事的主体并与影片的作共同“生产”影片的意义。 相似文献
3.
郑家治 《涪陵师范学院学报》2003,19(6):17-20
陈毅元帅的战争诗词是20世纪生动形象的革命战争史，又是壮美深沉的民族精英心灵史：在审美上既重风骨，又富意境；在形式上古近体并重，且创作颇丰。陈毅其人品性高洁，风骨凛然，其诗亦然，是20世纪传统诗词当之无愧的大家。 相似文献
4.
There has been a great deal of interest recently in the development of more 'nurturing' environments in mainstream primary schools. This interest has been reflected in a series of articles published in the pages of this journal. In this paper, Angus King, headteacher of Western Primary School, a performance management consultant, a threshold assessor and a teacher trainer, with Zara Chantler, Key Stage 1 leader and SENCo at Western, describe the Western 'Quiet Room' project, set up in 1999 as a response to the needs of pupils experiencing social, emotional and behavioural problems. The Quiet Room was designed to provide a nurturing environment in a dedicated space away from the classroom. In this way, argue King and Chantler, a child's emotional needs can be explored, on a one–to–one basis where appropriate, in a safe and supportive setting. The results to date are positive and there is real potential for the scheme to be extended. 相似文献
5.
Rebecca Walker Rachel Spronken-Smith Carol Bond Fiona McDonald John Reynolds Anna McMartin 《Instructional Science》2010,38(6):707-722
This study aimed to use a learning inventory (the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, ASSIST) to measure the
impact of a curriculum change on students’ approaches to learning in two large courses in a health sciences first year programme.
The two new Human Body Systems (HUBS) courses were designed to encourage students to take a deep approach to learning. ASSIST
was completed by 599 students enrolled in a biology class in 2006 that was part of the old curriculum, and by 705 students
at the beginning and end of the new HUBS courses in 2007. Changes in students’ approaches to learning over time were examined.
The ASSIST scores for both HUBS courses reflected the dominance of a surface approach, followed by a strategic and then a
deep approach. However, by the end of the year, students were taking a deep and strategic approach to their studies to a greater
extent, and a surface approach to a lesser extent. Moreover, students enrolled in the new course adopted a deep approach to
their studies to a significantly greater degree than those studying the old curriculum. Despite the predominance of a surface
approach, the results suggest that it is possible to bring about small but significant positive changes in students’ learning
behaviour in a very large class through curriculum change. The proportion of students preferring a surface approach, and results
showing that high performance on the final exam was significantly correlated with a surface approach, probably reflected contextual
factors, including assessment, and is the focus of ongoing curriculum development. 相似文献
6.
王永豪 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,33(3):40-42
诠释学作为一门指导文本理解和解释的学科，在以前类似于修辞学、语法学、逻辑学，从属于语文学。到了20世纪，诠释学由一种理解和解释的方法论发展成为一种哲学理论。诠释学的哲学转向与世界意义的多元化转向并行。随着古典诠释学向现代哲学诠释学的转换，诠释学不再仅是对经典文本的诠释而具有多元化的意义，从而为自己找到广阔的诠释空间，因此在诠释学的视野下比较诗学也具有更加开放的被诠释可能。以诠释学为背景，进一步探讨比较诗学在学理意义上的可能性和可行性，便会发现：比较诗学之“比较”不是工具论意义上的一种手段而是存在论意义上的一种思维方式，从而为比较诗学学科研究提供一个新的视角。 相似文献
7.
崔立斌 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,16(6):75-78
先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语跟名词作主语、宾语是不同的，先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语有四种不同情形：动词作主语、宾语；动词作主语、宾语后活用为名词；动词作主语、宾语时兼有名词性质；动词跟作主语、宾语的词是不同的单位。因此，先秦汉语动词的活用和兼类就少一些。 相似文献
8.
国际国内形势的发展与变化，使当代大学生的思想受到不同程度的影响。这就给高校思想政治教育工作带来了难度，也提出了新的挑战。因此，教育工作要运用已有的经验与科学的方法做好思想政治工作。其中，转变观念是先导，精选内容是核心，真诚态度是前提，摸准脉搏是突破口，情感教育是基础，以理服人是原则，开展活动是载体，以美育人是艺术，机制与手段创新是关键，注意实效是结果。只有这样，思想政治教育才能达到预期的目的。 相似文献
9.
Classroom stories of multicultural teaching and learning 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Joann Phillion 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(3):281-300
This is the second of three papers based on a 20-month study of teaching and learning in a diverse classroom in a downtown community school in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of the research was to describe the details of teaching and learning in a multicultural classroom and to document successful strategies in working with immigrant and minority students. The three papers detail the process by which this focus on classroom life led to a critique of the literature and to a new way to think about multicultural teaching and learning, which I call 'narrative multiculturalism'. In this paper, I provide a sampling of stories that illustrate what contributed to my changing thinking about multiculturalism. Four short stories focus on a participant teacher in her school, in her classroom and in interaction with her students. The stories illuminate the complexity of multicultural teaching and qualities of narrative multiculturalism. In the analysis of the stories I explore multicultural understandings that developed from the experience of being in the classroom, being in relationship with a teacher participant, and our on-going dialogue. 相似文献
10.
杰姆逊是当代美国名的马克思主义理论家、艺理论和美学家,在国际上和中国都有较大影响。长期以来,中国学术界不少人都把杰姆逊看成后现代主义的布道。本不同意这个看法,通过对杰姆逊在上世纪80年代、90年代初、21世纪初三个时期的代表性论全面分析,得出杰姆逊从来不是一个“张扬”后现代主义理论的后现代主义“布道”,而是始终对后现代主义抱有清醒、冷静、客观的批判态度的西方马克思主义的结论。 相似文献
11.
郑新安 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,31(6):125-126
优秀诗歌所传达出的感情,都是典型意义上的感情。真实、独特和普遍概括,是构成诗中典型感情的三要素;三者的完美统一,使优秀诗歌传达出的感情具有了典型意义和美学价值。优秀诗歌中的“理”．除了有时候表现为一种明确的思想外,更多的情况下,则表现为一种深厚微妙的意蕴。意蕴是诗人的人格学问、阅历生平、认识体验水乳交融流动在诗里的一种深厚的理性状态;是诗人的意识(世界观、人生观、美学观)和潜意识在诗中的反映。 相似文献
12.
A resurgence of national and international interest in citizenship education, citizenship and social cohesion has been coupled with an apparent emergence of a language of crisis (Sears & Hyslop-Margison, 2006). Given this background, how can or should one consider a subjective sense of membership in a single political community? What this article hopes to show is that confining the subject of citizenship or patriotism to a national framework is inadequate in as much as there are grounds to argue for a more expansive and, at the same time, integrated outlook. Patriotism, like Citizenship, is still open to interpretation and potentially in danger of falling short of a richer conception. Education, therefore, needs to incorporate inclusive practices and encourage an integrative mindset in order to accommodate: increasingly complex identities, associations, experiences and continuing changes in the political landscape. In this article, the author argues for the importance of learning ways in which to value and respect diversity while working towards a principle of unity in diversity. Cultivating a subjective sense of membership in a single world polity is vital in matters pertaining to sustainability and justice.
In response to considering possible ways of sharing a subjective sense of membership in a single community and some implications for Citizenship, Patriotism and Citizenship Education, this article looks to three areas: ways in which to understand the notion of citizenship and patriotism, cultural crises and the notion of a cosmopolitan nation and, finally, the personal dimension to education for world citizenship. 相似文献
In response to considering possible ways of sharing a subjective sense of membership in a single community and some implications for Citizenship, Patriotism and Citizenship Education, this article looks to three areas: ways in which to understand the notion of citizenship and patriotism, cultural crises and the notion of a cosmopolitan nation and, finally, the personal dimension to education for world citizenship. 相似文献
13.
刘宏 《黄冈师范学院学报》2006,26(2):6-10,20
《金瓶梅》是明代第一奇书,然而,对其作者至今众说纷纭。而“金学”界热疑的作者大都寓居过麻城,且与《金瓶梅》最早收藏者刘承禧有着密切的关系。《金瓶梅》里大量麻城方言的采用,体现出鲜明的地方特色,进一步说明作者是以麻城市井生活为模本进行艺术创作的。 相似文献
14.
This article emerges from a recent review of evidence, conducted by the authors and others, on the lifelong barriers to widening participation in higher education in England. This has led us to a consideration of the quality and relevance of the research activity in this large field of endeavour, and to the creation of a typology of the kinds of widespread problems we then encountered. These include pseudo‐research, poor quality reporting of research, deficiencies in datasets, analytical errors, a lack of suitable comparators, obfuscation, a lack of scepticism in general, and the regular misattribution of causal links in particular. The article discusses each of these, and illustrates them using generally high‐profile research studies and publications. We found a substantial proportion of non‐empirical pieces. Of the remainder, we found a substantial proportion that did not report sufficiently well their methods or their findings. Of the remainder that were empirical and did explain their methods and findings sufficiently, we found a substantial proportion in which the findings could not support the conclusions drawn from them. The article ends with a plea for a great deal more ‘learning’ and openness to new ideas among those engaged, lifelong, in researching lifelong learning. 相似文献
15.
谭小青 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(5):117-120
《北迁季节》被视为当代阿拉伯文学作品的"一朵奇葩",萨利赫向读者展示了一幅充满时空变幻的迁徙之图,文中的人物身份也呈现了有"破"有"立"的动态特点。该篇试图分析小说中人物所体现的三种类型的身份寻求:抵制性的"立",模仿性的由"破"到"立",以及策略性的由"立"到"破"。文化身份不是固定封闭的,而是一个历史的动态的过程,正是"破"和"立"之间的互动式协商才为夹缝中的人物创造了"间质空间"的身份意义。 相似文献
16.
敦煌地区的莫高窟和榆林窟盛唐至五代洞窟壁画,以及藏经洞出土绢画、版画、纸本画中,出现一些携抱童子的男性图像。通过比较犍陀罗、龟兹相关图像,认为这种特异图像为旷野鬼夜叉。继而检阅有关佛教文献,得知原本啖食童子的旷野鬼夜叉,被释迦佛降伏后皈依佛教。敦煌地区的旷野鬼夜叉图像表明,在当地夜叉已转变成庇护童子的善神。敦煌旷野鬼夜叉图像是在西域龟兹、于阗等地佛教文化影响下产生的,在敦煌发展过程中又形成鲜明的地域特征。 相似文献
17.
Marija Brajdić Vuković Bojana Vignjević Korotaj Bojana Ćulum Ilić 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(4):542-559
Academic systems are undergoing changes in which the social organisation of research as well as patterns of scientific productivity in the humanities and social sciences progressively resemble those in hard sciences. The hard and soft sciences are increasingly converging. This development can be observed in (a) publishing patterns, (b) the division of research, and (c) the internationalisation of research. This study explored the extent to which these changes occurring in academic systems in terms of a transformation of disciplinary practices are also becoming a trend in transitional post-socialist countries. We used Croatia as a case of a post socialist transitional context and compared it to Slovenia, a country with a similar past but somewhat different science policies and strategies. The results point to increasing convergence in some soft disciplines, visible in projectification and internationalisation of academic work as well as a significant change in the publishing patterns. 相似文献
18.
张红旗 《廊坊师范学院学报》2010,(3):80-83
公推直选乡镇长与乡镇党委书记出现的时间、发展现状与趋势、制度依据、选举成本,以及乡镇长与乡镇党委书记在乡镇政权中的作用有明显的不同。在我们看来,直接选举乡镇党委书记,发展的空间更广阔,对乡镇民主建设与乡镇政府职能转型所起的作用更大。 相似文献
19.
Dennis Carlson 《Educational theory》2009,59(3):259-277
In this essay, Dennis Carlson explores some of the implications of Derrida's "hospitality politics" in helping articulate a progressive response to a rightist cultural politics in the United States of policing national, linguistic, and other borders. He applies the concept of hospitality politics to a critical analysis of the social construction of the "problem" of "illegal immigrants" in U.S. public schools. This entails a discussion of three interrelated discourses and practices of hospitality: a universalistic discourse of philosophical and religious principles, a legalistic-juridical discourse, and a discourse and practice grounded in the ethos of everyday life. Derrida suggested that a democratic cultural politics must interweave these three discourses and also recognize the limitations of each of them. Moreover, a democratic cultural politics must be most firmly rooted in the praxis of ethos, and in the ethical claims of openness to the other. 相似文献
20.
This study aims to explore the influence of outdoor teaching among students, aged 13, on arithmetic performance and self-regulation skills as previous research concerning outdoor mathematics learning is limited. This study had a quasi-experimental design. An outdoor and a traditional group answered a test and a self-regulation skills questionnaire before and after a 10 weeks unit in arithmetic. Findings suggest differences in changes in academic performance between the groups in favour of the outdoor group and no significant changes in self-regulation skills, apart from a decrease in intrinsic motivation in the traditional group. 相似文献