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1.
Kyle L. Peck 《TechTrends》1998,43(2):47-53
Conclusion I applaud ISTE, AASL, AECT, and the other organizations involved for tackling the “messy work” of developing standards for
the use of technology and information resources in schools. And, at the same time, I call for a “second generation” of standards
that define realistic expectations for teachers based on the subjects and levels they are called upon to teach. I propose
that professional organizations from each subject work with ISTE and AECT to complete this huge task, and I propose that we
consider as a “next step” the creation of a set of on-line learning experiences through which teachers can gain the identified
skills and knowledge by using the very technologies we’re hoping they’ll embrace in their own teaching.
There’s an old saying, “If you don’t know where you’re going, any road will do.” As far as educational technologies are concerned,
this is also true. For many, the goal seems to have been simply to “get more computers into the schools,” without much thought
about purpose. To return to Phil Schlechty’s metaphor, It’s generally been a brief and misguided “Ready” stage (occupied with
questions like “How many do we need?” “What type?” “Where?” and “How shall we connect them?”), followed by “Fire!” (the acquisition
and installation of equipment). What we need is: “Ready” (the creation of appropriate teams of people who will combine their
insights to plan for the district)... “Aim” (a series of discussions about what technologies can accomplish for schools and
the students they serve)... “Fire” (acquisition, installation, and professional development according to plan)... “Aim” (an
assessment of how well the technologies and related programs met the intended goals, and a new planning effort designed to
close the gap)... “Fire” (acquisition and implementation designed to eliminate the gap)... “Aim” (another gap assessment)...
“Fire” (another attempt to close gaps)..., And so on. 相似文献
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3.
Sylvia Rojas-Drummond Neil Mercer Ellen Dabrowski 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(2):179-196
Research in Mexican schools, drawing upon earlier research in the UK, has led to the development and use of a method for describing, comparing and evaluating the particular approaches and interactional strategies used by teachers and learners. Using this method, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made to distinguish between teachers who use a conventional, formal, directive approach when teaching 5-year-old children mathematical skills (called the “Official” method) and those who use a more interactive, collaborative, supportive, “scaffolded” approach to teach similar classes of children (called the “High Scope” method). In an earlier study, we found more competent and independent problem-solving among High/Scope pupils than among their peers taught by the Official method. In the present study, discourse analysis and statistical analysis of the relative frequencies of types of teacher-pupil interaction in the classrooms of two “Official” teachers and two “High’ Scope” teachers are used to explain the improved problem-solving of the “High Scope” pupils. The findings support the view that by creating a more collaborative, scaffolded version of classroom education, teachers can more successfully enable children to develop their own problem-solving skills, learning strategies and curriculum-related understanding. The research also contributes to the development and implementation of methods for promoting a more effective style of teacher-learner interaction in the classroom. 相似文献
4.
Min-hui Qian 《Frontiers of Education in China》2006,1(4):549-566
Within the sphere of contemporary social sciences, the terms “modernity,” “post-modernity” and “globalization” have penetrated,
as the core concepts, into various fields of social sciences in a logical way. In constituting the concept of “modernity,”
sociology of education develops the educational theory, as sociological theory does, into a “grand narrative” and “foundationalist”
theory; the contribution of post-modernity is pluralism and self-examination in an attempt to transcend modernity. Globalization,
a kind of expanded modernity, makes education sociologists broaden their perspective from single and traditional “nationality,”
“society” and “nation” to an international society and even to the global society, which has broken through the research paradigm
of modernity with ethnocentrism, anthropocentrism and Euro-centrism. These changes have required urgent constitution of the
conceptions and theoretical frameworks of sociology of education to be applied on a global level.
__________
Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2006 (1) 相似文献
5.
This study investigates the effective research-based characteristics of professional development (ERBCPD) of the National
Science Foundation’s GK-12 Program—a program which partners institutions of higher education with local school districts and
places science, technology, engineering, and mathematics graduates in the K-12 classroom with teachers. Final evaluations
of 26 GK-12 sites were analyzed with a priori and emergent content analyses, which included rigorous inter- and intra-reliability
testing. The results of the a priori analysis demonstrated that the GK-12 program incorporates all ERBCPD, but to drastically
varying degrees (76–5%). The a priori characteristics that appeared most often were “Treats Fellows as professionals,” and
“Professional development is on-going.” The two emergent characteristics included “Improves communication skills” and “Has
real world application.” 相似文献
6.
Yun Yao 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(1):89-102
Having experienced three stages of “preliminary establishment”, “rapid and comprehensive development” and “steady development”
for twenty years, China's postdoctoral system is moving towards a new one, the stage of “quality improvement and innovation
development.” Remarkable achievements in the system include cultivating talented personnel, promoting the construction and
development of disciplines, integrating production, learning and research, as well as scientific research achievements. However,
some problems still exist in its managerial system, the science funds subsidized as well as the relationship between the mobile
station and the workstation. Based on the above analysis, the author suggests that the postdoctoral system in the new era
should be innovative in its systems of management, cultivation, funds collection, subvention and evaluation. 相似文献
7.
This article is written to inspire curriculum developers to centre their efforts on the learning processes of students. It
presents a learning-based paradigm for higher education and demonstrates the close relationship between curriculum development
and students’ learning processes. The article has three sections: Section “The role of higher education (HE) institutions”
presents a discussion of the role of higher education in the knowledge society. Section “Contextual learning” presents the
paradigm of contextual learning which we see as a useful foundation for curriculum development. Section “Curriculum development
in practice—the BETA course” shows how a particular course in Business Economic Theory and Analysis has been developed using
this paradigm. The article will be of interest to all academics interested in students’ learning processes but is especially
relevant to those responsible for curriculum development. 相似文献
8.
The workplace, especially the academic department or division, provides an intriguing research site for study of correlates
of scholarly performance. The objective of this study was to estimate a correlate model of three-year scholarly performance
of clinical faculty in colleges of pharmacy. Two-hundred and ninety-six clinical faculty in pharmacy responded to an author-developed
questionnaire. The scholarly performance items factored into three dimensions: “Refereed Research,”, “Grants/Books Research,”
and “Nonresearch Scholarship.” A fourth single-item variable, “Contracts,” was also used as a dependent dimension. Eight correlates,
including two related to the departmental workplace, emerged as factors significantly explaining the variation in scholarly
performance. The two most significant were “Off-Campus Conversations” and “Department: Percent Time in Research.” These results
as well as others were contrasted with prior correlate studies and suggestions were made for future additional study. 相似文献
9.
John C. Smart 《Research in higher education》2010,51(5):468-482
The findings of this study show wide variation in the learning patterns of college students in the academic environments of
Holland’s theory and, more importantly, that such variability differs based on the level of “consistency” or “inconsistency”
of the environments. Differences in the learning patterns of students in “consistent” academic environments tend to be more
in alignment with the premises of Holland’s theory than those of students in “inconsistent” environments. Implications of
these findings for future research using Holland’s theory to understand longitudinal patterns of change and stability in the
attitudes, interests, and abilities of college students are discussed, and attention is devoted to policy development and
practical implications for academic advisors, career counselors, campus leaders, and governmental and accrediting officials. 相似文献
10.
Megumi Nakamura Agnes M. Watanabe-Muraoka 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2006,28(3):213-226
This research was conducted with the aim of clarifying a concept of “global social responsibility.” A total sample of 395 senior high school students in Japan responded to a pool of items mostly adapted from a scale developed by Starrett (1996) and provided additional data concerning their social experiences. The data were used in the development of a Japanese version of the Global Social Responsibility (GSR) scale. It was found that “global altruism,” “active involvement with society,” and “understanding of interdependence” constituted a construct of global social responsibility. It was also found that females, those who discussed social problems with their family, those who revealed a high awareness of responsibility and those who had multiple experiences of volunteer activities for community service showed high GSR scores. The scale provides both an awareness of the concept and a measure for determining levels of global social responsibility. Counseling professionals are encouraged to consider their roles from a global and social perspective, with the notion of responsibility being seen as central to the concepts of freedom and personal development. 相似文献
11.
The acceptance of new chemical ideas, before the Chemical Revolution of Lavoisier, in Greek-speaking communities in the 17th
and 18th centuries did not create a discourse of chemical philosophy, as it did in Europe, but rather a “philosophy” of chemistry
as it was formed through the evolution of didactic traditions of Chemistry. This “philosophical” chemistry was not based on
the existence of any academic institutions, it was focused on the ontology of principles and forces governing the analysis/synthesis
of matter and formulated two didactic traditions. The one, named “the system of chymists”, close to the Boylean/Cartesian
tradition, accepted, contrary to Aristotelianism, the five “chymical” principles and also the analytical ideal, but the “chymical”
principles were not under a conceptual and experimental investigation, as they were in Europe. Also, a crucial issue for this
tradition remained the “mechanical” principles which were under the influence of the metaphysical nature of the Aristotelian
principles. The other, close to the Boylean/Newtonian tradition, was the integrated presentation of the Newtonian “dream”,
which maintained a discursive attitude with reference to the “chemical attractions”–“chemical affinities” and actualised the
mathematical atomism of Boscovich, according to which the elementary texture of matter could be causally explained within
this complex architecture of mathematical “punkta”. In this tradition also coexisted, in a discursive synthesis, the “chemical element” of Lavoisier and the arguments of the
new theory and its opposition to the phlogiston theory, but the “chemical affinities” were under the realm of the “physical
element” as “metaphysical point”. 相似文献
12.
Shen Jie 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2000,1(2):233-238
The resolution of the problem of Urban Residence is important for realization of Sustainable Human Settlements. Along with
the acceleration of urbanization in China, all aspects, concerning the problem of urban residence are undergoing gradual changes.
This thesis expounds on “The Order Diagram by Expression of Social Requirement to Habitation” and an “External Relationship
System of Residence” and also puts forward a series of problems, requiring special consideration in achieving sustainable
development of Chinese urban residence. 相似文献
13.
Peter Sloat Hoff 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(4):203-217
In a crisis-plagued world looking to higher education for knowledge, wisdom, and solutions, higher education itself is stumbling.
Its transformational thinking has frozen up like an overstressed computer program; and we need, in effect, to “push the reset
button.” In 1953, the renowned and controversial president of the University of Chicago, Robert M. Hutchins, authored a refreshing
and provocative work, The University of Utopia, containing ideas that still challenge today’s paradigms. He argued for institutional independence over “accountability,”
“outcomes,” and “stakeholders.” He indicted educational evils he called “industrialization,” “specialization,” “philosophical
diversity,” and “social and political conformity” and suggested ways to defeat them. Although his 56-year-old thoughts on
reconceptualizing the multiversity are not a panacea, they could help higher education make a fresh start. This essay reintroduces
the modern reader to Hutchins’s iconoclastic and stimulating ideas in the hope of restarting the stalled agenda for educational
reform. 相似文献
14.
Maw-Fa Chien Chi-Ming Lee Yu-Ping Cheng 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2007,6(3):249-259
This study was designed to illuminate the state of education in Taiwan by constructing Educational Indicator Systems. The
study, sponsored by the National Science Council between 1998 and 2000, was the first comprehensive indicator project to cover
all educational levels in Taiwan. Various research methods were used, including panel discussion, conference, setting up website,
Delphi technique, questionnaires and visits to 14 international organizations and government agencies. In the process, two
educational indicator systems based upon the “Context-Input-Process-Progress” (CIPP) model were formulated: “Taiwan’s Educational
Indicator System by educational level” (TEIS by el) with 99 indicators, and “Significant Indicators of Taiwan’s Education”
(SITE) with 34 indicators. Finally, some limitations and suggestions were offered for the future development of Educational
Indicator Systems. 相似文献
15.
Filippo Camerota 《Science & Education》2006,15(2-4):323-334
This article explores the transmission of practical knowledge in the XV and XVI centuries. According to cosmographer Egnatio
Danti, optics and other mathematical sciences had “been banished” from the main philosophical schools of his period, and “the
little which remains to us is limited to some practical aspects learned from the mechanical artificers”. The “mechanical artificers”
were architects, painters and surveyors whose mathematical training constitutes the subject dealt with in this article. The
context of Danti’s remark was the letter to the “Accademici del Disegno” of Perugia which introduce his Italian translation
of Euclid’s Optics. After the great Medieval season of optical studies, in effect, this science progressed mainly through its practical applications,
especially through “that part of perspective which pertains to painting” (Piero della Francesca), and through the spread of
methods and instruments for measuring by sight. 相似文献
16.
Knowledge of derivational suffix meanings was investigated in 10- to 12-year-old students with language learning disabilities
and individually matched chronological- and language-age peers. Students produced derived forms from nonce bases in an elicitation
task and selected derived forms in a forced choice task. For instance, students produced a word to label the baby of an invented
animal called a TEM (TEMlet, TEMette, TEMkin, etc.) and chose an appropriate label from four options (TEMlet, TEMkin, TEMship,
TEMhood). Twenty-eight suffixes (e.g., less, y, ize) conveying seven derivational meanings (e.g., “without X,” “approximately
X,” “to make X”) were studied. All groups showed higher accuracy on the forced choice task than on the elicitation task. However,
elicitation task accuracy of students with language learning disabilities fell substantially below that of typically achieving
students. Suffixes for “agent X,” “character of X,” and “to make X” were produced in the elicitation task with higher accuracy
than suffixes for “approximately X,” “diminutive X,” and “state of X.” In both tasks, suffix use was associated with productivity
(i.e., regularity of suffix attachment). All groups chose highly productive suffixes (e.g., TEMlet) over less productive suffixes
(e.g., TEMkin) to convey each meaning. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro J. Gallard Mart��nez 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(3):719-723
This forum considers argumentation as a means of science teaching in South African schools, through the integration of indigenous
knowledge (IK). It addresses issues raised in Mariana G. Hewson and Meshach B. Ogunniyi’s paper entitled: Argumentation-teaching
as a method to introduce indigenous knowledge into science classrooms: opportunities and challenges. As well as Peter Easton’s:
Hawks and baby chickens: cultivating the sources of indigenous science education; and, Femi S. Otulaja, Ann Cameron and Audrey
Msimanga’s: Rethinking argumentation-teaching strategies and indigenous knowledge in South African science classrooms. The
first topic addressed is that implementation of argumentation in the science classroom becomes a complex endeavor when the
tensions between students’ IK, the educational infrastructure (allowance for teacher professional development, etc.) and local
belief systems are made explicit. Secondly, western styles of debate become mitigating factors because they do not always
adequately translate to South African culture. For example, in many instances it is more culturally acceptable in South Africa
to build consensus than to be confrontational. Thirdly, the tension between what is “authentic science” and what is not becomes
an influencing factor when a tension is created between IK and western science. Finally, I argue that the thrust of argumentation
is to set students up as “scientist-students” who will be considered through a deficit model by judging their habitus and
cultural capital. Explicitly, a “scientist-student” is a student who has “learned,” modeled and thoroughly assimilated the
habits of western scientists, evidently—and who will be judged by and held accountable for their demonstration of explicit
related behaviors in the science classroom. I propose that science teaching, to include argumentation, should consist of “listening
carefully” (radical listening) to students and valuing their language, culture, and learning as a model for
“science for all”. 相似文献
18.
Professor Wolff-Michael Roth Campbell J. McRobbie Keith B. Lucas 《Research in Science Education》1998,28(1):107-118
We analyse and explore, in the form of dialogues and metalogues questions about the dialogic nature of beliefs and students
belief talk about the nature of science and scientific knowledge. Following recent advances in discursive psychology, this
study focuses not on students' claims but on the discursive resources and dialogical practices that support the particular
claims they make. We argue that students' discourse is better understood as a textual bricolage that is sensitive to conversational
context, common sense, interpretive repertoires, and textual resources available in the conversational situation. Our text
is reflexive as it embodies the discursive construction of knowledge and undercuts any claims to authoritative knowledge.
The very conception of “belief” is itself an expression or construction from within the mundane idiom.... We learn to use
“belief” in conditions when the “objective facts” are unknown or problematic and we want to indicate the tenuous character
of our claim.... The notion of “real world” or “objective reality” is embedded in an extensive, pervasive language game which
includes as an intelligible move or possibility the use of the very concept of “belief” itself. (Pollner, 1987, p. 21) 相似文献
19.
A sense of place 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ruth Wilson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1997,24(3):191-194
Conclusion Places shape the stories of our lives. These stories become ongoing “ecological conversations”—i.e., expressions of the dialogue
between ourselves and the environment (Lutts, 1985). When this conversation ends, so will our future.
The development of healthy environmental awareness and concern starts with a feeling response to nature. Such a response comes
primarily by way of firsthand positive experiences in the out-of-doors, especially in environments fostering a “sense of place”
experience. Attention to creating a sense of place for young children can thus prove helpful in fostering a lifelong commitment
to the natural environment. In designing “sense of place” play and learning spaces for young children, we are, indeed, designing
the future as well. 相似文献
20.
Shirley Walters Linda Cooper 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,9(1):27-38
CONFINTEA VI took place against the background of an uneven and contradictory social and economic impact of globalisation.
This impact registered globally and locally, in both the political North and South, drawing new lines of inequality between
“core” and “periphery”, between insiders and outsiders of contemporary society. Financial turmoil in the world has exacerbated
levels of poverty and insecurity. The question is how work-related education and conceptions of learning might promote greater
inclusion and security for those whose livelihoods are most severely affected by globalisation. The Belém Framework for Action
implicitly recognises that lifelong learning and work cannot be discussed outside broader socio-economic and political contexts.
The authors of this article draw substantially on research from around the world and argue for the re-insertion of “politics
and power” into both the theory and practice of “lifelong learning” and “work”. 相似文献