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1.
概念隐喻和抽象思维 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王茂 《重庆第二师范学院学报》2009,22(2):131-135
Ritchie支持概念隐喻理论,反对Vervaeke ＆ Kenney提出的批评。虽然Ritchie修正了概念隐喻理论,但他始终坚持抽象思维主要依赖体验经验的隐喻投射的观点。Ritchie的观点存在着简化论的危险,极为错误地表达了抽象思维．和不能解释概念隐喻理论通常预设的有意义的认知现象。我们提出了一个对普遍存在的映射（例如空间关系映射到其它领域）的更认知的解释,以代替依赖体验经验的解释。我们的解释非常符合Ritchie提到的程序知识和相似性。Ritchie主张把概念融合理论作为概念隐喻理论的基础,但概念融合理论并不能如他所愿产生足够的解释力。 相似文献
2.
Multiple external representations (MERs) are central to the practice and learning of science, mathematics and engineering, as the phenomena and entities investigated and controlled in these domains are often not available for perception and action. MERs therefore play a twofold constitutive role in reasoning in these domains. Firstly, MERs stand in for the phenomena and entities that are imagined, and thus make possible scientific investigations. Secondly, related to the above, sensorimotor and imagination-based interactions with the MERs make possible focused cognitive operations involving these phenomena and entities, such as mental rotation and analogical transformations. These two constitutive roles suggest that acquiring expertise in science, mathematics and engineering requires developing the ability to transform and integrate the MERs in that field, in tandem with running operations in imagination on the phenomena and entities the MERs stand for. This core ability to integrate external and internal representations and operations on them – termed representational competence (RC) – is therefore critical to learning in science, mathematics and engineering. However, no general account of this core process is currently available. We argue that, given the above two constitutive roles played by MERs, a theoretical account of representational competence requires an explicit model of how the cognitive system interacts with external representations, and how imagination abilities develop through this process. At the applied level, this account is required to develop design guidelines for new media interventions for learning science and mathematics, particularly emerging ones that are based on embodied interactions. As a first step to developing such a theoretical account, we review the literature on learning with MERs, as well as acquiring RC, in chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics and engineering, from two perspectives. First, we focus on the important theoretical accounts and related empirical studies, and examine what is common about them. Second, we summarise the major trends in each discipline, and then bring together these trends. The results show that most models and empirical studies of RC are framed within the classical information processing approach, and do not take a constitutive view of external representations. To develop an account compatible with the constitutive view of external representations, we outline an interaction-based theoretical account of RC, extending recent advances in distributed and embodied cognition. 相似文献
3.
Over the last 20 years, science education studies have reported that there are very different understandings among students of science regarding the key aspects of climate change. We used the cognitive linguistic framework of experientialism to shed new light on this valuable pool of studies to identify the conceptual resources of understanding climate change. In our study, we interviewed 35 secondary school students on their understanding of the greenhouse effect and analysed the conceptions of climate scientists as drawn from textbooks and research reports. We analysed all data by metaphor analysis and qualitative content analysis to gain insight into students' and scientists' resources for understanding. In our analysis, we found that students and scientists refer to the same schemata to understand the greenhouse effect. We categorised their conceptions into three different principles the conceptions are based on: warming by more input, warming by less output, and warming by a new equilibrium. By interrelating students' and scientists' conceptions, we identified the students' learning demand: First, our students were afforded with experiences regarding the interactions of electromagnetic radiation and CO2. Second, our students reflected about the experience-based schemata they use as source domains for metaphorical understanding of the greenhouse effect. By uncovering the—mostly unconscious—deployed schemata, we gave students access to their source domains. We implemented these teaching guidelines in interventions and evaluated them in teaching experiments to develop evidence-based and theory-guided learning activities on the greenhouse effect. 相似文献
4.
David M. J. Corradi Jan Elen Beno Schraepen Geraldine Clarebout 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):715-734
When learning with abstract and scientific multiple external representations (MERs), low prior knowledge learners are said to have difficulties in using these MERs to achieve conceptual understanding. Yet little is known about what these limitations precisely entail. In order to understand this, we presented 101 learners with low prior knowledge of abstract scientific MERs to see (a) how many, and what kind of ideas (propositions) learners remembered from these MERs and (b) what the impact of these ideas is on conceptual understanding of the content. Propositional analysis indicates that learners created flawed internal representations. The discussion analyses the potentials that the learners have in using abstract representations to increase their understanding of scientific information and possible effects of instruction. 相似文献
5.
6.
Embodied cognition as grounding for situatedness and context in mathematics education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rafael E. Núñez Laurie D. Edwards João Filipe Matos 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,39(1-3):45-65
In this paper we analyze, from the perspective of 'Embodied Cognition', why learning and cognition are situated and context-dependent.
We argue that the nature of situated learning and cognition cannot be fully understood by focusing only on social, cultural
and contextual factors. These factors are themselves further situated and made comprehensible by the shared biology and fundamental
bodily experiences of human beings. Thus cognition itself is embodied, and the bodily-grounded nature of cognition provides
a foundation for social situatedness, entails a reconceptualization of cognition and mathematics itself, and has important
consequences for mathematics education. After framing some theoretical notions of embodied cognition in the perspective of
modern cognitive science, we analyze a case study – continuity of functions. We use conceptual metaphor theory to show how
embodied cognition, while providing grounding for situatedness, also gives fruitful results in analyzing the cognitive difficulties
underlying the understanding of continuity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Dual coding theory and education 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
Dual coding theory (DCT) explains human behavior and experience in terms of dynamic associative processes that operate on a rich network of modality-specific verbal and nonverbal (or imagery) representations. We first describe the underlying premises of the theory and then show how the basic DCT mechanisms can be used to model diverse educational phenomena. The research demonstrates that concreteness, imagery, and verbal associative processes play major roles in various educational domains: the representation and comprehension of knowledge, learning and memory of school material, effective instruction, individual differences, achievement motivation and test anxiety, and the learning of motor skills. DCT also has important implications for the science and practice of educational psychology — specifically, for educational research and teacher education. We show not only that DCT provides a unified explanation for diverse topics in education, but also that its mechanistic framework accommodates theories cast in terms of strategies and other high-level psychological processes. Although much additional research needs to be done, the concrete models that DCT offers for the behavior and experience of students, teachers, and educational psychologists further our understanding of educational phenomena and strengthen related pedagogical practices. 相似文献
8.
概念隐喻·经验主义·体验动因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
曾小鹂 《邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2007,6(3):85-88
文章讨论分析概念隐喻、经验主义以及隐喻的体验动因。在当代隐喻理论中,隐喻不是语言表达式,而是概念系统中的跨域映射;隐喻系统不是任意性的,而是基于经验的。 相似文献
9.
Veera Kallunki 《Research in Science Education》2013,43(2):827-845
Pupils’ qualitative understanding of DC-circuit phenomena is reported to be weak. In numerous research reports lists of problems in understanding the functioning of simple DC-circuits have been presented. So-called mental model surveys have uncovered difficulties in different age groups, and in different phases of instruction. In this study, the concept of qualitative understanding, and the content or position of reported mental models of DC-circuit phenomena are discussed. On the grounds of this review, new tools for investigating qualitative understanding and analysing external representations of DC-circuit phenomena are presented. According to this approach, the external representations of DC-circuit phenomena that describe pupils’ expressed conceptions of the topic should include both empirical-based models and theoretical explanations. In the empirical part of this study, third-graders (9-year-olds) learning DC-circuit phenomena in a comprehensive school in a small group were scrutinised. The focus of the study is the external representations manifested in the talk of the small group. The study challenges earlier studies, which claim that children exhibit a wide range of qualitative difficulties when learning DC-circuit phenomena. In this study it will be shown that even in the case of abstract subject matter like DC-circuit phenomena, small groups that highlight empirical-based modelling and activate talk can be a fruitful learning environment, where pupils’ qualitative understanding really develops. Thus, the study proposes taking a closer look at pupils’ external representations concerning DC-circuit phenomena. 相似文献
10.
A growing body of research has examined the experiential grounding of scientific thought and the role of experiential intuitive knowledge in science learning. Meanwhile, research in cognitive linguistics has identified many conceptual metaphors (CMs), metaphorical mappings between abstract concepts and experiential source domains, implicit in everyday and scientific language. However, the contributions of CMs to scientific understanding and reasoning are still not clear. This study explores the roles that CMs play in scientific problem-solving through a detailed analysis of two physical chemistry PhD students solving problems on entropy. We report evidence in support of three claims: a range of CMs are used in problem-solving enabling flexible, experiential construals of abstract scientific concepts; CMs are coordinated with one another and other resources supporting the alignment of qualitative and quantitative reasoning; use of CMs grounds abstract reasoning in a “narrative” discourse incorporating conceptions of paths, agents, and movement. We conclude that CMs should be added to the set of intuitive resources others have suggested contribute to expertise in science. This proposal is consistent with two assumptions: that cognition is embodied and that internal cognitive structures and processes interact with semiotic systems. The implications of the findings for learning and instruction are discussed. 相似文献
11.
隐喻是人类组织概念系统不可或缺的认知工具。隐喻的理解是隐喻理论中的一个重要部分,而且,隐喻的工作机制和效果主要是在理解过程中达成和体现出来的。因此,隐喻理解在外语教学中有其相应的实际应用价值。 相似文献
12.
英语习语中的概念隐喻 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
武琳晗 《南阳师范学院学报》2010,9(5):122-124
习语是英语的重要组成部分,其最大来源是人类本身的各个部位。Lakoff＆Johnson提出的概念隐喻理论认为隐喻是人们思维、行为和表达思想的一种系统的方式,是通过一个概念去理解另一个概念,即源域向目标域的单方向性映射,也就是跨域映射实现的,在这一过程中,目标域概念的某一（些）元素被凸显,而其他元素则会被隐藏。本文用概念隐喻理论分析了英语中的人体部位习语,发现英语习语里的隐喻使用非常广泛,认为认知语境对于跨域过程中的凸显和隐藏有很大影响,制约着习语的形成和我们对英语习语的运用和理解。 相似文献
13.
邓文超 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,(2):45-49
空间方位的认知是人类原始思维的出发点,方位词是人们认知的基础。意象图式是一种抽象的框架结构,它基于我们的身体体验、感知互动及人认知操作逐步形成。空间概念隐喻是一种意象图式隐喻,即以空间概念为始源域,构建其他非空间性的目标域。本文以意象图式理论为支点,结合隐喻理论,对空间方位词Down和＂下＂的中心意象图式及其空间概念进行了认知对比分析,并探讨了其空间概念隐喻层次。 相似文献
14.
Understanding bonding is fundamental to success in chemistry. A number of alternative conceptions related to chemical bonding have been reported in the literature. Research suggests that many alternative conceptions held by chemistry students result from previous teaching; if teachers are explicit in the use of representations and explain their content-specific forms and functions, this might be avoided. The development of an understanding of and ability to use multiple representations is crucial to students’ understanding of chemical bonding. This paper draws on data from a larger study involving two Year 11 chemistry classes (n = 27, n = 22). It explores the contribution of explicit instruction about multiple representations to students’ understanding and representation of chemical bonding. The instructional strategies were documented using audio-recordings and the teacher-researcher’s reflection journal. Pre-test–post-test comparisons showed an improvement in conceptual understanding and representational competence. Analysis of the students’ texts provided further evidence of the students’ ability to use multiple representations to explain macroscopic phenomena on the molecular level. The findings suggest that explicit instruction about representational form and function contributes to the enhancement of representational competence and conceptual understanding of bonding in chemistry. However, the scaffolding strategies employed by the teacher play an important role in the learning process. This research has implications for professional development enhancing teachers’ approaches to these aspects of instruction around chemical bonding. 相似文献
15.
Today’s children grow up surrounded by computers. They observe them, interact with them and, as a consequence, start forming conceptions of how they work and what they can do. Any constructivist approach to learning requires that we gain an understanding of such preconceived ideas and beliefs in order to use computers as learning tools in an effective and informed manner. In this paper, we present five such conceptions that children reportedly form about computers, based on an interdisciplinary literature review. We then evaluate how persistent these conceptions appear to be over time and in light of new technological developments. Finally, we discuss the relevance and implications of our findings for education in the contexts of conceptual pluralism and conceptual categorisation. 相似文献
16.
根据概念隐喻理论,台州方言中隐喻性谚语也可分为结构隐喻、方位隐喻和本体隐喻这三种认知类型。这些谚语善于借用日常生活中熟悉的事物或经验去阐释陌生的或抽象的概念,引发不同认知域间的相似性联想。概念隐喻理论有助于从认知角度认识和理解方言谚语。 相似文献
17.
Dirk Felzmann 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(16):2795-2824
To date, there has only been little conceptual change research regarding conceptions about glaciers. This study used the theoretical background of embodied cognition to reconstruct different metaphorical concepts with respect to the structure of a glacier. Applying the Model of Educational Reconstruction, the conceptions of students and scientists regarding glaciers were analysed. Students' conceptions were the result of teaching experiments whereby students received instruction about glaciers and ice ages and were then interviewed about their understandings. Scientists' conceptions were based on analyses of textbooks. Accordingly, four conceptual metaphors regarding the concept of a glacier were reconstructed: a glacier is a body of ice; a glacier is a container; a glacier is a reflexive body and a glacier is a flow. Students and scientists differ with respect to in which context they apply each conceptual metaphor. It was observed, however, that students vacillate among the various conceptual metaphors as they solve tasks. While the subject context of the task activates a specific conceptual metaphor, within the discussion about the solution, the students were able to adapt their conception by changing the conceptual metaphor. Educational strategies for teaching students about glaciers require specific language to activate the appropriate conceptual metaphors and explicit reflection regarding the various conceptual metaphors. 相似文献
18.
Components of Conceptual Ecologies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hyun Ju Park 《Research in Science Education》2007,37(2):217-237
The theory of conceptual change is criticized because it focuses only on supposed underlying logical structures and rational
process processes, and lacks attention to affective aspects as well as motivational constructs in students’ learning science.
This is a vast underestimation of the complexity and diversity of one’s change of conceptions. The notion of conceptual ecology
provides a context for understanding individuals’ conceptual change learning, as it is the environment through which all information
is interpreted. This research investigated how high school students’ statements, made in answering questions, reflect selected
components of their conceptual ecologies. Data for this study was collected from six interviews in which seven students took
part. The data also include the science teacher’s profiles of each student, the students’ personal journals, their assignments,
and their examinations and answers in class. The analysis presented will here include only those components that were represented
in the discourse of the seven high school students who were interviewed. When students were asked questions, there was evidence
of the engagement of the various components of conceptual ecologies. These components include: epistemological commitments,
metaphysical beliefs, the affective domain and emotional aspects, the nature of knowledge, the nature of learning, the nature
of conceptions, and past experience. Evidence from this study suggests that these components might function as constraints
to learning. This study contributes to the field by expanding our knowledge of the components of high school students’ conceptual
ecologies through its definition of the categories and themes associated with those components. In examining across the range
of components, the study illustrates the variety and sources of science conceptions within high school students’ conceptual
ecologies. 相似文献
19.
Concreteness fading has been proposed as a general instructional approach to support learning of abstract mathematics and science concepts. Accordingly, organizing external knowledge representations in a three-step concrete-to-idealized sequence should be more beneficial than the reverse, concreteness introduction, sequence. So far, evidence for the benefits of concreteness fading come mainly from studies investigating learning of basic mathematics concepts. Studies on learning natural science concepts are scarce and have not implemented the full three-step-sequence. In an experimental classroom study (N = 70), we compared concreteness fading and concreteness introduction in high school science education about electromagnetic induction using a detailed assessment. Furthermore, we explored whether these sequences differentially affect the use of the different representations during instruction. Both sequences were equally effective and there were no differences in using the representations. We discuss why our results question the proposed advantages of concreteness fading and highlight conceptual differences and learning goals across domains. 相似文献
20.
Tamer G. Amin 《International Journal of Science Education》2015,37(5-6):966-991
Many of the goals of research on conceptual metaphor in science education overlap with the goals of research on conceptual change. The relevance of a conceptual metaphor perspective to the study of conceptual change has already been discussed. However, a substantial body of literature on conceptual metaphor in science education has now emerged. This work has not yet been synthesized or related explicitly to the goals of conceptual change research. This paper first presents a broad sketch of the study of conceptual change, characterizing the goals of this body of work, its contributions to date, and identifying open questions. Next, the literature on conceptual metaphor in science education is reviewed against this background. The review clarifies the natural theoretical connections between the conceptual metaphor perspective and the phenomenon of conceptual change. It then examines the contributions made by the literature on conceptual metaphor in science education to the goals of research on conceptual change—namely, characterizing student conceptions, identifying obstacles to learning, understanding the process of conceptual change, and designing productive pedagogical strategies that could achieve conceptual change. The paper concludes with a discussion of further avenues for research into conceptual change, suggested by adopting a conceptual metaphor perspective. 相似文献