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1.
2.
耿伯介 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1965,10(1):6-24
This paper is here presented as a material for a flora of the Chinese grasses. At
the beginning, it chronologically gives a brief historical sketch on the study of the sub-
tribe Isachninae. The category which this group should constitute is here delimited, and
its position in the natural system of grass-classification is also discussed.
Secondly it deals with a taxonomic treatment on the genus Isachne which comprises
16 species and 7 varieties in China, amongst which two species (I. hoi and I. hainanensis)
and four varieties (I. albens var. glandulifera, I. truncata vars. crispa & maxima, and I.
nipponensis var. kiangsiensis) are published here as new to science. In addition, a new
combination, I. hirsuta, (Hook. f.) Keng, f., based upon I. albens var. hirsuta Hook. f.,
is made here. The two species (I. ciliatiflora Keng, and I. tenuis Keng) published in
Chinese only in the “Flora Illustralis Plantarum Primarum Sinicarum Graimeae 1959”, arehere supplemented with Latin diagnoses for validation. 相似文献
3.
When F. A. McClure published the new genus Sinocalamus McClure in 1940, the
4 species he listed are S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure, S. beecheyanus (Munro) Mc-
Clure, S. oldhami (Munro) McClure and S. affinis (Rendle) McClure. After careful
examination, the authors of this paper considered that the type species of McClure’s
genus S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure should belong to the genus Dendrocalamus Nees,
and the other species are of Bambusa Schreber. Owing to Sinocalamus McClure is not
a taxon representative of its type species, but a mixture, it must be rejected as a
synonym of Dendrocalamus Nees. In consequence then, the authors make adjustment
to the taxonomic category of the 14 species and 1 variety which have ever been in
Sinocalamus McClure.
As for the characters of Lingnania McClure, except that some differences exist in
the vegetative parts, the structure of the spikelets is in the main the same as that of
Bambusa Schreber. Consequently, with regard to the systematic relationship, the authors
consider it may be more resonable that the rank of Lingnania McClure should be alter-
ed to Bambusa Schreber subg. Lingnania (MeClure) Chia et H. L. Fung; all the
species of Lingnania McClure, except that L. tsiangii McClure should be transferred
to Dendrocalamus Nees, should be assignable to Bambusa Schreber subg. Lingnania
(McClure) Chia et H. L. Fung. 相似文献
4.
Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species
so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16
species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175
species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those
genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean
and Central Asia.
1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord-
ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution,
it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while
Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some
of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely
distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived
from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American
genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably
came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.
2. An analysis of temperate genera
There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the
more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara-
gana.
Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center
distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of
Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and
Xizang Plateau.
Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%)
to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia-
tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus
Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of
the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in
alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into
a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.
The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of
the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are
horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part
of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former
being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.
The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the
north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species
extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differ-
entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are
usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea-
dow and steppe.
Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive
elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi-
zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon-
golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only
indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of
above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously
effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species
reaching up to 50%.
3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera
There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang
and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are
represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that
they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.
However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast
Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha-
Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima-
laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The
subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14
species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to
species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con-
nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.
Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium.
Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-
Himalaya and three of them are endemic.
An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu-
tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium
is in the Sino-Himalaya region.
Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has
brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions
have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree. 相似文献
5.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
6.
7.
朱格麟 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(4):299-300
Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu was established on the basis of B. bracteata Kung et G.
L. Chu described in 1978 from Diebu County on the border between Gansu and Sichuan provin-
ces. It is placed in the tribe Chenopodieae in 《Flora Reipulicae Popularis Sincae》, but
considering its flowers with a bract and 2 bracteoles it is betwter transferred to the tribe Polv-
cenmeae. So far the tribe Polycnemeae contains 4 genera in total, i.e. Nitrophila S. Wats. with
4 species, distributed in Southwestern US, Mexico and Argentina, Hemichroa R. Br. with
3 species all in Australia, Polycnemum Dumort. with 4 species in Europe, Mediterranean,
Middle Asia to Siberia, Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu with 1 species, occurring in central China
with a very limited area. 相似文献
8.
The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis-
tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having comme-
nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au-
thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri-
be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.
The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic
point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not,
different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for
distinguishing subgenera.
The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation
has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an
important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out
that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with
the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.
According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon
may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe-
cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn.,
S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M.
Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi-
zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.
The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result
is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.
Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China. 相似文献
9.
10.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):394-403
The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the
taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar
to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences
in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed
coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.
The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of
which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.
The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla
entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-
tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.
A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.
This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60
species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu-
tional centre.
Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in
Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic
relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China,
of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).
The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.
The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a
member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A.
Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus,
Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and
should be regarded as a separate genus.
The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,
and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the
above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were
computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At
last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The
result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions. 相似文献
11.
中国散生竹类的数量分类和确定分类等级的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, 21 species representing 13 genera were studied by means of humeri-
cal taxonomic methodes. One geographical and 52 morphological characters were used.
The correlation coefficients were computed by standardized data, and the various clus-
tering methods were performed on the correlation matr x. The UPGMA clustering
method was selected as the optimal one and its results were shown in the form of
dendrograms.
We present a simple method to construct the joint and broken lines by which the
boundary of the genera, subtribes and tribes in the dendrogram is determined.
By means of numerical taxonomic methods, we can easily work out a systematic
dendrogram and the following taxonomic treatments are easily proposed:
(1) Sasamorpha sinica (Keng) Koidz. should be reffered to the genus Sasa Makino
& Shibata.
(2) Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. should belong to the genus Pseudosasa
Makino and should not be referred to the genus Arundinaria Michaux.
(3) The genus Brachystachyum Keng should be considered as a separate one.
(4) The genus Pleioblastus Nakai should not be combined with the genus Arun-dinaria Michaux, but kept as an independent one. 相似文献
12.
综合研究凤头黍属与其邻近属的叶片表皮微形态、颖片及内、外稃等特征后，发表禾本科一新属——刺毛头黍属。 相似文献
13.
14.
Shibataea Makino is a genus of Subfam. Bambusoideae, with 8 species, distributed
in Southeast China and Southwest Japan. In China wild plants of the genus are found in
Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, especially in Fujian and Zhejiang.
The genus is also cultivated in parks of Guangzhou, Teibei and some other gardens.
Raches of inflorescences in genera Semiarundinaria, Brachystachyum, Phyllostachys and
Shibataea have many branches, even secondary branches. A large bract is often present at the
base of each branch, and a prophyll in the axil of the bract in Tribe Shibataeeae Nakai. Mo-
reover, an inflorescence is composed of numerous dense spikelets. This type of inflorescence
may be considered primitive. The genera Indosasa and Sinobambusa are of more stamens (6
in the former and 3 or 4, 5 in the latter) than in the genera Semiarundinaria and Brachysta-
chyum (only 3), and their inflorescences are very simple with fewer spikelets and raches,without the large bract. This type of inflorescence may be considered more advanced. 相似文献
15.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(6):533-548
本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。 相似文献
16.
溥发鼎 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):385-393
藁本属Ligusticum L.属伞形科Umbelliferae芹亚科Apioideae Drude阿米芹族Ammineae
Koch。它在阿米芹族中，是一个较进化的类群，是介于阿米芹族与前胡族Peucedaneae DC．之间的一个过渡类型。藁本属全世界60余种。我国现知有34种，占该属种数的二分之一，其中28种及2个栽培变种为我国所特有。本文比较分析藁本属的形态学性状和孢粉学性状，以小总苞片及其相关特征作为该属次级划分的主要依据，将藁本属分为两个类群，并对该属的种类作了增补，对一些种的名称、分布作了补充修订。文中还记载了4个新种。喜马拉雅藁本L．elatum(Edgew.)C.B．Clarke和开展藁本L. thomsonii C. B. Clarke var．evolutior C. B．Clarke，系我国首次记录。 相似文献
17.
The fern Athyrium crenulato-serrulatum Makino is found in the whole of
Northeastern Asia embracing Northeastern China, Korea, Japan, Ussuri and the Far
East USSR. It is similar to the European Athyrium distentifolium, formerly known
as A. alpestre, in having exindusiate round or ovate sori, but differs in several
essential characters, such as the well-spaced fronds are biseriately arranged along a
thick and long-creeping rhizome, the base of stipe is thickened and not attenuated to-
wards the point of attachment, the deltoid-ovate lamina with the basal pinnae as long
as those next above, which all are distinctly petiolate and the rachis, costis and espe-
cially the costules of pinnules clad in fine pale-colored generally septate hairs under-
neath. All these clearly show that the fern in question is not an Athyrium sen. str.
neither Pseudoathyrium Newman to which latter the fern was referred by Nakai.
However, we have been long suspicious of its proper systematic position. In his recent
monograph on the genus Cornopteris (Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 30: 104. 1979.) Kato
has pointed out that C.crenulato-serrulata (Makino) Nakai “has the northernmost
destribution in the genus and exhibits a few characteristics similar to Athyrium, the
swollen base of stipes with projections and cartilaginous lamina margin. By these
characteristics the species is clearly discriminated from other species”. According to
Kurita (1964), Mitui (1970) and Karo (1978) the species in question has chromosome
numbers n=40, the base number of the subfamily Athyrioides instead of x=41, the
base number of the subfamily Diplazioides including Cornopteris Nakai. Since thefern in question fits no other athyrid genera, hence a new genus is proposed. 相似文献