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1.
The aim of this paper is to assess and conceptualise the effects of new managerialism‐related organisational reforms in three Australian public universities on technical, administrative and clerical support staff job stressors and job satisfaction. Using a mixed method approach consisting of a quantitative core component and qualitative supplementary component it was found that six different types of stressors were evident: time, information; supervisory; work environment; staffing and pay; and career. Path analysis showed that these stressors were closely connected to reduced job satisfaction, which could be ameliorated by employee participation, improved communication and work‐related social support. However, the qualitative analysis suggested that the prevailing climate of managerialism was not conducive to such improvements. It is concluded that while appropriate human‐resource management strategies have the potential to prevent the worst consequences of change, there is some doubt about the ability of university managers, captured by new managerialism, to create and implement such an approach. 相似文献
2.
Student employment is increasingly common in many countries. Compared to earlier decades, not only more students work but
they also work longer hours. Among European countries Estonia is one of the clear “leaders” in student employment. This study
uses survey data from 2,496 students in Estonian public and private universities to examine the reasons for working on such
a massive scale and its consequences on academic success. The results show that, unlike in most other countries, Estonian
students from more privileged families are as likely to work as students from poorer families and they are even more likely
to have a full-time job. Furthermore, working seems to have only a marginal negative effect on academic progress. These results
seem to support the theory that in Eastern European countries student employment has become a signal of students’ capabilities
and ambition, and that relatively low academic standards contribute to the strength of the signaling mechanism. A long-term
solution to student employment would require changes in quality standards, student financing, alternative higher education
opportunities, and perceptions of students, employers, and academics. 相似文献
3.
陈晓康 《南阳师范学院学报》2011,10(7):109-113
目的：了解河南省地方高校大学生就业压力来源、现状及影响因素。方法：以河南省6所地方高校大学三、四年级700名学生为对象进行问卷调查,随后进行了随机访谈。结果：（1）河南省地方高校大学生总体就业压力及就业压力各维度均为中等水平;（2）在职业素质评价压力上,大三学生显著小于大四学生,学生干部显著小于非学生干部,党员显著小于非党员;（3）大三学生的求职竞争压力显著小于大四学生,男生的求职竞争压力显著小于女生;（4）家庭经济条件中等的学生就业心理预期压力显著大于家庭经济条件好的学生,学生干部的就业心理预期压力显著小于非学生干部;（5）农村学生在缺少求职帮助压力上显著大于城镇学生;（6）财经类学校学生专业供求矛盾压力显著大于医学类学校学生。 相似文献
4.
欧洲大学自20世纪80年代开始建立质量保障体系,对于提升高等教育质量起到了重要作用。许多大学在界定质量保障体系的内涵、建立校内质量保障机构、制定和实施专业标准等方面积累了丰富的经验。为使大学内部质量保障体系更加完善,欧洲一些国家开始建立科学的评价指标,采取系统的评价程序,实施周期性的现场巡查,提供及时的评价报告和改革建议。 相似文献
5.
Javiera Barandiaran 《Higher Education》2012,63(2):205-218
Thirty years after pro-market policies were first adopted, how best to organize Chile’s scientific enterprise remains as elusive
as when universities were state-run and funded. This paper explores scientific research at a for-profit university, University
Andres Bello, to ask if a new mode of knowledge production is in the making and with what impacts for Chilean universities.
In contrast to trends described in the North American and European university literatures, the Chilean experience to date
indicates that market competition reinforces existing scientific practice, including evaluation mechanisms. Its largest impact
may instead lie in challenging cultural notions of a university’s rights and responsibilities, with potentially negative consequences
for existing state-run and non-profit universities. These findings are important for developing countries seeking to expand
research without expanding public universities or expenditures, and raise important questions regarding the specific mechanisms
that mediate between a university’s forprofit business model and its research agenda. 相似文献
6.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate what impact new regimes of management and governance, including new managerialism, have had on perceptions of gender equality at universities in three Western European countries. While in accordance with national laws and EU directives, contemporary current management approaches in universities should, in theory, stimulate equality of opportunities and diminish regimes of inequality, our findings from qualitative interviews across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK provide a very different picture. Our data show that these new governance approaches actually re-emphasise the existing status quo in various ways and enable more subtle forms of discrimination despite the existence of a veneer of equality. Consequently, some women find themselves sidelined by the gap between formal procedures designed to deal with inequalities and the institutional cultures and practices towards selection and promotion. 相似文献
7.
The effects of diverse education-related variables on job satisfaction scores are analysed using a sample of European higher
education graduates at early stages of their working life. Ordered choice models for job satisfaction are estimated including
as explanatory diverse educational variables such as field of study, graduates’ evaluation of their educational experience,
the match between the competences developed during education and those required by jobs, as well as information on graduates’
values and interests. The results show, even after controlling for actual job characteristics, that education-related variables
have a great impact on graduates’ job satisfaction. Additionally, estimation results by each one of the countries included
in the sample are also presented. 相似文献
8.
We analyze the determinants of job satisfaction of PhD holders in Spain. Specifically, we consider overall job satisfaction as well as basic and motivational satisfaction, following Herzberg’s typology (based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs). Using representative data for Spain’s PhD population—collected from the Spanish Survey on Human Resources in Science and Technology (2009)—we report an analysis by gender and the institutional sector (university and non-university) in which employees work. We employ Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions to identify the determinants of basic and motivational satisfaction in the workplace and an ordered logit model for overall job satisfaction. Results do not allow us to confirm Herzberg’s factor differentiation for Spanish PhD holders since the factors of basic motivation (including salary or working conditions—needs of “safety”) have a bearing on all types of job satisfaction (and not solely on the basic satisfaction of PhD holders). Our results do not show any significant differences by gender. However, it seems that meeting these “basic” needs is less important for the job satisfaction of PhD holders working in universities. The results seem reasonable in a Southern European country where the monetary conditions of the labor market are worse than those in other developed countries. 相似文献
9.
高等教育国际化视角下的中国大学英文网站群建设——与20所世界知名高校英文网站的对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析并量化《泰晤士高等教育》大学评价指标体系,指出中国大学的国际化水平和国际学术影响力明显落后于其综合实力。为推进大学的国际化发展,对国内20所985高校的英文网站进行了为期6个月的持续观察和评测,并通过与世界著名的20所大学(其中10所为英语母语、10所为非英语母语)的英文网站进行比对分析和研究,总结出国外大学英文网站的建设经验,指出我国大学英文网站存在学术信息报道不及时、留学生服务欠缺、译编行文难以通畅跨文化交流等问题,并提出在提升大学英文网站水平,促进中国大学国际化进程中需注意的问题。 相似文献
10.
It is generally known that the general goals of universities are to produce high-quality graduates for the job market, to
continuously advance the frontier of knowledge in all the disciplines, and ultimately to advance human civilization. There
can, however, be numerous specific goals which differ from one university to the other. Whatever it is, in order to achieve
the desired goals, universities need to design a realistic strategic development plan, which must include, among others, the
important logistical components and factors of university development. In Malaysia, little is known about university development
planning process as a subject area. Annual reports and calendars published by universities do not provide sufficient information
about the elements and aspects of high priorities in their strategic development plan. As such, we decided to conduct a study
on eleven (11) foremost public universities in Malaysia—a country with a centralized education system—in order to examine
the goals, components, and factors considered by university top-management in planning university development. We administered
a checklist to 296 respondents, comprising deputy vice-chancellors or deputy rectors, registrars, deans, and directors. The
checklist required the respondents to rate the consideration level on a scale of 1 (least considered) to 5 (highly considered)
for each of the items on goals, components, and factors. This article reports the main findings of our study. Among other
things, the most obvious result revealed by the study was that universities were very concerned with the relevancy of academic
programs offered and their performance in research. It was rather surprising, however, that the top-management of public universities
in Malaysia placed the goal of providing quality infrastructure and facilities at the lowest ranking. Also, this study revealed
that the government, as a factor, exerted its prominence only in terms of university budget and research grants and the execution
of some policies of national interest, but university expansion and development was largely driven by the university organization
itself, i.e., on where, what, and how it wants to expand and grow. In this regard, public universities in Malaysia still enjoy
a large degree of academic autonomy and a strong support by the government. 相似文献
11.
Research on work life and job satisfaction of university professors is becoming an important research issue in the field of
higher education. This study used questionnaires administered to 1 770 teachers from different levels, types, and academic
fields of Chinese universities to investigate job satisfaction among university professors and the relationship between job
satisfaction of university professors and the organizational characteristics of the university. The job satisfaction of Chinese
university professors includes six dimensions: career development and school management, teaching and research services, salary,
benefits and logistical services, professional reputation, teaching and research facilities, and the work itself. The overall
job satisfaction levels are close to average, with salary and benefits receiving the lowest level of satisfaction. The organizational
characteristics of universities, such as school type, school level, academic field, organizational climate, evaluation orientation,
and school management, all have significant effects on the overall job satisfaction of university professors. The organizational
climate and school level affect all six dimensions of job satisfaction among university professors. 相似文献
12.
The paper discusses the approaches of virtual university strategies and developments in Europe. The discussion is partly based on the work done in the Activity 5 in the EU Thematic Network E4 and partly to the experiences gained through the activities of EUNITE virtual university network of six European universities. Based on our experience we see, that e-learning and virtual university approach can be used for renewal of teaching and learning, both on and off campus. Just three years ago, universities seemed mainly to aim only to develop on campus teaching and learning through ICT. Lately, the use of e-learning as a tool for international cooperation and for virtual mobility (Virtual Erasmus) has started to develop through the activities of the European Union e-learning programmes and through the activities of some European university networks, like EUNITE. To promote virtual universities and e-learning, commitment and actions at all levels from EU to individual institutions are needed. 相似文献
13.
Leadership, governance, and management are frequently conceptualized as conflictory institutional logics. The recent shift to a ‘new managerialism’ in universities, for example, clearly favors business-like leadership and management styles over collegial governance practices. This article provides a micro foundation of leadership, governance, and management in universities based on the underlying communication of strategic issues among governing bodies. Reporting on a longitudinal case study of a comprehensive reorganization of a German university, it illustrates how institutional logics translate into micro patterns of communication. The findings suggest that leadership, governance, and management are not necessarily conflictory but reflect in four complementary micro patterns. Rather than ‘managerialism’ replacing ‘collegialism,’ organizational change unfolds in oscillating sequences of these four micro patterns. The findings furthermore indicate that the strategic issues of research and teaching at the university’s core remain largely autonomous, despite their increasing managerial regulation. 相似文献
14.
Brigitte Berendt 《Higher Education in Europe》1989,14(2):69-75
In virtually all the countries of the world, the need for staff‐development programmes for university and other higher education teachers has been recognized. Because the developed countries of Europe and of North America have a head start in the domain, specialists from these countries have frequently been called upon to create and to offer staff‐development programmes in the universities of developing countries. This article discusses the appropriateness of European conceptions of staff‐development for African universities. Concluding that Euro‐centric staff‐developers and pre‐packaged European programmes are not appropriate, that they run the risk of becoming a form of cultural neo‐colonialism, the author considers ways in which European specialists can collaborate with their African colleagues in the structuring of staff‐development programmes that are not only African‐centred but are geared to the real needs of African universities as they are perceived by Africans themselves. If the author's suggestions are accepted, African universities will be able to make use of those aspects of European staff‐development concepts and programmes which have universal value without having to accept European cultural tutelage along with them. 相似文献
15.
他们眼中的地方大学治理——珠江三角洲四所地方大学校长叙事探究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以珠江三角洲四所地方大学校长为对象,进行教育叙事探究,以了解地方大学参与者眼中的大学治理,了解他们的立场和理念。校长们就地方大学的生长环境、地方大学与地方政府、地方大学与社会需求等方面进行了叙述,从大学校长的个人经验叙事角度揭示了地方大学治理的历史真相。由此分析了影响地方大学发展的各种因素,即地方大学治理是一个在互动中学习的过程,政府权力边界模糊是矛盾的制度原因,大学价值观的分歧是矛盾的观念原因,地方大学定位的争议的根本原因是利益,地方大学的发展受制于三种外部力量,等等。 相似文献
16.
论就业艰难时期的大学生职业态度教育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
职业态度作为人们对自身职业劳动的看法和采取的行为,它对于一个准职业劳动者的在校大学生,具有十分重要的价值和意义,是大学生现在学习和提高、将来实践和发挥职业技术的重要保证。新时期大学生职业态度教育,仅有理论教育是不够的,必须努力探索切实可行、有操作性的教育途径,充分利用和创造职业态度养成的措施,才能真正培养和训练在校大学生的职业态度。 相似文献
17.
Daniel W. Lang 《Higher Education》2009,57(3):355-371
This paper investigates the intersection of system articulation, transfer, and the choices that secondary school students
make when they apply to college and university. The investigation is based on the results of a study that was undertaken to
determine factors that influence choices that secondary school students make between enrolling in community college or university,
and in particular whether or not those choices are affected by the degree of “articulation” within a public system of post-secondary
education. There are several studies that have emerged recently in the United States and Canada that examine factors that
influence the choice of university and 4-year college. There are a few studies that examine the choice of community and 2-year
college. None, however, either in Canada or in the United States, has sought to examine “college choice” comparatively among
students who apply to baccalaureate (4-year colleges and universities) and sub-baccalaureate (community colleges) programs.
This study examines college choice on the basis of two series of longitudinal surveys conducted in the province of Ontario
since the late 1980s, and on a series of surveys and interviews of students, parents and guidance counselors in six secondary
schools, each with a different student population, since 2004. The third study—called the “college choice” project—tracked
secondary school students as they made decisions about attending college or university, and as they finally selected the institutions
that they would attend. The study concludes that greater conventional articulation will not significantly affect rates of
transfer, that for most students plans to transfer develop after they enter college and are not a major factor in their initial
“choice,” that the rate of transfer is highly dependent on the corresponding arrays of programs at colleges and universities,
and that articulation might better be thought of as a subset of other basic forms of inter-institutional cooperation.
An earlier version of this paper was presented to the ASHE Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, November, 2007. 相似文献
18.
20世纪80年代以来,新管理主义在西方主要发达国家兴起,并强势地重塑着大学的内外部环境。新管理主义的影响渗透到了大学日常工作的技术操作及意识形态两个层面,同时也意味着"大学-政府"关系由信任到问责的变化。在这一背景下,西方学术职业群体普遍面临困境:(1)管理主义在大学内部被强化,学者的学术主导地位进一步受限;(2)学术职业群体分化加剧;(3)学术工作挤压个人生活空间;(4)学者普遍面临学术身份认同危机。 相似文献
19.
目的揭示大学教学改革中影响教学质量的矛盾和问题.方法对比分析大学教学改革的现状,找出影响教学质量症结的各种表现形式.结果大学教学改革面临诸多困境和矛盾,主要是大学人才培养与社会对人才的要求存在差距,高校教学时间缩水,教学结构改革不平衡,大学与基础教育中素质教育错位,高校科研与教学关系倒置,教与学双向心理冲突,师资队伍整体建设落后,教学改革不能保持可持续发展等.结论高校教学改革面临的诸多困境和矛盾,极大地制约着大学教学质量的提高,必须深化用人体制的改革和高校教学机制的创新. 相似文献
20.
文化个性与大学评估 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
正确认识和处理学校、政府、社会三者之间的相互关系是不断深化我国高等教育体制和我国大学教育评估制度改革的核心关键是要不断深化对现代大学的本质特征及其办学规律的认识,这是一个不断的文化觉醒和理念创新过程.经过20年的探索和实践,人们逐步深刻地认识到,现代大学的本质是一种功能独特的文化机构,文化个性是现代大学的本质特征,现代大学的存在有两种哲学基础,崇尚学术与适应社会之间的矛盾是现代大学办学过程中的基本矛盾,应当通过深化改革坚持政府宏观调控下现代大学的文化个性和社会监督,以内为主,内外结合,以外促内,逐步建立、健全高等学校教学质量保障体系和教育质量监督制度. 相似文献