共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 953 毫秒
1.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(1):17-42
This research was aimed at contributing to the current understanding of the underlying factors of naming speed and the causes of naming speed deficits. Forty regular readers and 40 dyslexic university students participated in the study. Electrophysiological (Event-Related Potentials [ERPs]) and behavioral measures were employed. Behavioral baseline tasks assessed general ability, reading skills, reading-related cognitive abilities, and standard Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Rapid Alternating Stimulus tests. ERP tasks included letter and object naming tasks adapted for electrophysiological research presentation. The dyslexics were significantly slower and less accurate than the controls on most of the baseline measures. On all the naming tasks, the peak ERP latencies were elicited later, reaction times were longer, and the P300 latency width was wider among the dyslexics as compared to the regular readers. On the choice reaction time naming tasks, accuracy for both groups was almost perfect. When naming presentation time was controlled by the experiment, the dyslexics were significantly less accurate than the controls. Our data indicated that effective naming speed was related to an earlier P200 latency peak among regular readers and to an earlier P300 latency peak and narrower area component activation in the dyslexic group. The results from this study suggest that effective RAN speed among regular readers might be a result of efficient processing of RAN information at the input stage of stimulis perception and evaluation as well as of updating and processing the information in short-term memory among dyslexics. 相似文献
2.
Cristina P. Albuquerque 《Reading and writing》2012,25(4):775-797
This study analyzed the relation and the specific influence of rapid naming (RN) on different reading (decoding accuracy and
reading fluency) and writing components (spelling accuracy and fluency in composition) of European Portuguese. Moreover, it
also compares the influence of Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) tests (colors, digits) and of a Rapid Alternating Stimulus (RAS)
test (shapes and colors). In a sample composed by normally achieving children, 70 in the first grade and 69 in the second
grade, the results show that, when phonemic awareness is controlled, RN is a significant concurrent predictor of reading and
writing performance. Its impact occurs mainly on reading fluency and is carried out predominantly by the RAN digit test. Nevertheless,
the RAN color test and the RAS shape and color test also significantly predicted reading and writing performance. The results
also indicate that RN has less impact on writing than on reading, and that, when compared with phonemic awareness, it is associated
with distinct written language components. When combined, the data obtained are consistent with the orthographic characteristics
of European Portuguese. 相似文献
3.
《Learning and individual differences》2007,17(2):129-146
This study explores 1) the components of rapid automatized naming (RAN) by first analyzing the factorial associations between RAN tasks and various nonword decoding and processing speed measures and secondly, by exploring which of these process latent variables are uniquely associated with literacy in 65 below-average readers and spellers. In preliminary factor analyses, all speeded naming tasks loaded together (Factor 1: Rapid Naming); All tasks involving speeded alphanumeric naming loaded together (Factor 2: Alphanumeric Naming); Alphanumeric RAN tasks also loaded with nonsense word decoding (Factor 3: Decoding). The Alphanumeric Naming factor predicted 2% of unique variance in Literacy. Our results thus provide two new findings: 1) only very modest variation in Literacy is explained by aspects of RAN not primarily associated with either generic naming speed or decoding ability; 2) variation in other verbal forced choice response speed and response inhibition tasks are linked to reading through common variance in speeded naming tasks also shared by alphanumeric RAN tasks. Implications of these findings for theories of reading and individual differences are explored. 相似文献
4.
Two experiments explored rates for introducing grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs) and the types of correspondences taught for optimal alphabet and early literacy skills learning. In both studies, children entered with minimal alphabet knowledge and were randomly assigned within classrooms to one of two treatments delivered individually over 5 weeks. In Study 1, children grades K-1 were assigned to instruction in a set of either 10 (Slow rate, n?=?33) or 15 (Fast rate, n?=?32) single- and two-letter GPCs. Study 1 findings indicated that children who learned five added GPCs did not reduce learning of the common set of 10 learned GPCs for any measure (including letter names, sounds, letter sound writing, word reading, and spelling), and learning favored Fast items over Slow for letter sounds, letter sound writing, and word reading (median d?=?0.30). In Study 2, kindergarteners were assigned to instruction in either single letters only (Single, n?=?30) or mixed-size GPCs (Mixed, n?=?31). Instruction included application of GPCs to decoding and spelling. Results showed that kindergarteners in the Mixed condition made significantly greater gains learning the four two-letter GPCs across measures (median d?=?0.86), and no significant differences between groups on measures of the 11 one-letter GPCs common to both conditions. Findings add precision to understanding how rate and order of introducing GPCs influence children’s initial alphabet learning. Further study of empirically validated methods of alphabet instruction may benefit in particular those children most at risk for acquiring this foundational knowledge.
相似文献5.
Contributions of phonological processing skills to reading skills in Arabic speaking children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This cross-sectional study investigated contributions of phonological awareness (Elision and blending), rapid naming (object,
color, letter, and digit), and phonological memory (nonword repetition and Digit Span) to basic decoding and fluency skills
in Arabic. Participants were 237 Arabic speaking children from Grades K-3. Dependent measures included word decoding, oral
passage reading fluency, nonword reading fluency, and retell fluency. Within-grade analyses indicated that phonological awareness
accounted for more variance than rapid naming regardless of the nature of the outcome measure and grade. Rapid naming’s capacity
to predict variance, while less than that of phonological awareness, tended to rise steadily and was highest in Grade 3. Phonological
memory, as measured by this study’s tasks, showed almost no relationship to reading performance. The findings are discussed
with respect to changing the requirements of Arabic reading in Grades K-3 and suggestions are made for future research. 相似文献
6.
Ulrika Wolff 《Annals of dyslexia》2014,64(2):151-165
Although phonemic awareness is a well-known factor predicting early reading development, there is also evidence that Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is an independent factor that contributes to early reading. The aim of this study is to examine phonemic awareness and RAN as predictors of reading speed, reading comprehension and spelling for children with reading difficulties. It also investigates a possible reciprocal relationship between RAN and reading skills, and the possibility of enhancing RAN by intervention. These issues are addressed by examining longitudinal data from a randomised reading intervention study carried out in Sweden for 9-year-old children with reading difficulties (N?=?112). The intervention comprised three main elements: training of phonics, reading comprehension strategies and reading speed. The analysis of the data was carried out using structural equation modelling. The results demonstrated that after controlling for autoregressive effects and non-verbal IQ, RAN predicts reading speed whereas phonemic awareness predicts reading comprehension and spelling. RAN was significantly enhanced by training and a reciprocal relationship between reading speed and RAN was found. These findings contribute to support the view that both phonemic awareness and RAN independently influence early phases of reading, and that both are possible to enhance by training. 相似文献
7.
The present study examined the visual scanning hypothesis, which suggests that fluent oculomotor control is an important component underlying the predictive relationship between Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) tasks and reading ability. Our approach was to isolate components of saccadic planning, articulation, and lexical retrieval in 3 modified RAN tasks. We analyzed 2 samples of undergraduate readers (ages 17–27). We evaluated the incremental contributions of these components and found that saccadic planning to nonlinguistic stimuli alone explained roughly one third of the variance that conventional RAN tasks explained in eye movements registered during text reading for comprehension. We conclude that the well-established predictive role of RAN for reading performance is in part due to the individual ability to coordinate rapid sequential eye movements to visual nonlinguistic stimuli. 相似文献
8.
Tomohiro Inoue George K. Georgiou Rauno Parrila John R. Kirby 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(4):273-288
We examined the developmental relationships between home literacy environment (parent teaching, shared book reading) and emergent literacy skills (phonological awareness, letter knowledge, vocabulary, rapid naming speed) in kindergarten, reading accuracy and fluency in Grade 1, and reading comprehension in Grades 2 and 3 in a sample of Canadian children learning to read English (N = 214). Results from a latent variable model showed that parent teaching predicted letter knowledge and phonological awareness, and shared book reading predicted vocabulary and rapid naming speed after controlling for family socioeconomic status. Moreover, both parent teaching and shared book reading contributed indirectly to reading accuracy and fluency in Grade 1, which then mediated the effects of home literacy environment on reading comprehension in Grades 2 and 3. The results suggest that the effects of home literacy environment on later reading development are distributed via more pathways than previously thought. 相似文献
9.
Nathlie A. Badian 《Annals of dyslexia》1994,44(1):1-25
Because of the research demonstrating the roles of phonological awareness, serial naming speed, and orthographic processing
in reading, a test of each of these skills was added to a preschool screening battery. The main aim of the study was to determine
whether these measures would contribute to the prediction of reading. The 118 subjects were first tested six months before
kindergarten entry and were followed up 19 and 24 months later. Each additional screening test made a significant, independent
contribution to the prediction of early first grade word reading/spelling, after the contributions of a parent rating of preschool
reading ability (PRA), verbal IQ, socio-economic status (SES), and chronological age were accounted for. With letter naming
and PRA, the additional tests were responsible for 62 percent of the variance. The orthographic test made the largest single
contribution (32%) to the variance in word reading/spelling.
Variables contributing significantly to the prediction of later first grade reading comprehension were (in order of proportion
of the variance accounted for) letter naming, sentence memory, object naming speed, the orthographic test, and SES. The revised
preschool screening battery correctly identified 91 percent of individual first grade good and poor readers. It was concluded
that preschool measures of phonological awareness, serial naming speed, and orthographic processing make a strong contribution
to prediction of first grade reading. 相似文献
10.
William Lachner Andrea Zevenbergen PhD Jason Zevenbergen 《Early education and development》2013,24(4):541-559
Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of extratextual references to letters made by parents and preschoolers during shared reading of an alphabet book. The frequency of letter references was also examined in relation to child age and knowledge of letter names. Participants consisted of 44 preschoolers and their primary caregivers. Videotaped book-reading data were transcribed verbatim and coded for their inclusion of 14 types of letter references (e.g., naming requests, labels, repetitions). Significant findings included the following: Parent labels were significantly correlated with child age; and child knowledge of letter names was significantly correlated with parent naming requests, corrections, and repetitions, and child answers and initiations. Practice or Policy: Findings are discussed in reference to the literature regarding parental sensitivity to child age and knowledge in educational interactions with their child. 相似文献
11.
This study examined the relative contributions of phonological awareness, orthographic pattern recognition, and rapid letter
naming to fluent word and connected-text reading within a dyslexic sample of 123 children in second and third grades. Participants
were assessed on a variety of fluency measures and reading subskills. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses
were carried out to explore these relationships. The results demonstrate that phonological awareness, rapid letter naming,
and orthographic pattern recognition contribute to word-reading skills. Furthermore, rapid naming, orthographic pattern recognition,
and word reading fluency moderately predict different dimensions of connected-text reading (i.e., rate, accuracy, and comprehension)
whereas phonological awareness contributes only to the comprehension dimension of connected-text reading. The findings support
the multidimensional nature of fluency in which the whole is more than its parts. 相似文献
12.
13.
The present study investigated the relationships between lexical access, reading fluency, and comprehension. Two components of speed of lexical access were studied: phonological and semantic. Previous studies have mainly investigated these components of lexical access separately. The present study examined both components in naming tasks—with isolated letters (phonological) and pictures (semantic). Seventy-five Grade 5 students were administered measures of letter and picture naming speed, word and nonword reading fluency, and reading comprehension, together with control measures of vocabulary. The results showed that letter naming was a unique predictor of word reading fluency, whereas picture naming was not. Conversely, picture naming speed contributed unique variance to reading comprehension, whereas letter naming did not. The results indicate that phonological and semantic lexical access speed are separable components that are important for different reading subskills. 相似文献
14.
The role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Catts HW Gillispie M Leonard LB Kail RV Miller CA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(6):509-524
This study investigated the role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement. Measures of response time in motor, visual, lexical, grammatical, and phonological tasks were administered to 279 children in third grade. Measures of rapid object naming, phonological awareness, and reading achievement were given in second and fourth grades. Reading group comparisons indicated that poor readers were proportionally slower than good readers across response time measures and on the rapid object naming task. These results suggest that some poor readers have a general deficit in speed of processing and that their problems in rapid object naming are in part a reflection of this deficit. Hierarchical regression analyses further showed that when considered along with IQ and phonological awareness, speed of processing explained unique variance in reading achievement. This finding suggests that a speed of processing deficit may be an "extraphonological" factor in some reading disabilities. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether naming speed makes a contribution to the prediction of reading comprehension,
after taking into account the product of word decoding and listening comprehension (i.e., the Simple View of Reading; [Gough,
P.B. & Tunmer, W.E. (1986). Remedial and Special Education 7, 6–10]), and phonological awareness. In grade 3, word decoding was measured with the Woodcock [(1998). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests – Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Services]. Word Identification and Word Attack subtests, listening comprehension with
the Woodcock (1991) [Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery – Revised. Chicago: Riverside Publishing Company] test of Listening Comprehension, naming speed with a picture naming task, and 4 measures
assessed phonological awareness. Reading comprehension was assessed in grades 3, 4, and 5 with the Woodcock (1998) Passage
Comprehension subtest and in grade 5 with the Gates–MacGinitie reading test. The Simple View was evaluated twice: first, with
a pseudoword measure for decoding (Grapheme–Phoneme-conversion product) and, second, with a word identification measure for
decoding (word recognition product). Hierarchical regression and commonality analyses indicated that the decoding and listening
comprehension products accounted for considerable variance in reading comprehension. Naming speed had a small but significant
effect after accounting for the Grapheme–Phoneme-conversion product (2–3%), but little effect after accounting for the word-recognition
product (0–2%). Subgroup analyses indicated that naming speed had its primary effect for less able readers. Commonality analyses
supported the interpretation that naming speed contributes after the Grapheme–Phoneme-conversion product but not after the
word recognition product because naming speed has already had its effect upon word recognition. These results indicate that
it is important how the Simple View decoding term is defined, and that the Simple View may be incomplete, especially for less able readers. 相似文献
16.
In this study, we used Rasch model analyses to examine (1) the unidimensionality of the alphabet knowledge construct and (2) the relative difficulty of different alphabet knowledge tasks (uppercase letter recognition, names, and sounds, and lowercase letter names) within a sample of preschoolers (n = 335). Rasch analysis showed that the four components of alphabet knowledge did work together as a unidimensional construct, indicating all alphabet tasks administered were measuring the same underlying skill. With regard to difficulty of tasks, letter recognition was easier than letter naming, which in turn was easier than letter sounds, and uppercase letter names were easier than lowercase letter names. Most notably, most of the alphabet tasks overlapped, and the Rasch models for the single tasks were no more reliable than the combined measure. This suggests that these alphabetic tasks do not measure distinct skills but are instead indicators of a single ability. Consequently, we support the conceptualization of alphabet knowledge as a unitary construct, and suggest that those assessing and teaching alphabet knowledge in preschool use tests and methods that combine the various alphabetic tasks rather than separating them. These combined assessments will be more likely to capture the range of abilities within a preschool sample and avoid the floor and ceiling effects that have so often complicated early literacy research. 相似文献
17.
Ummuhan Yesil-Dagli 《Early childhood research quarterly》2011,26(1):15
The precursors of early English reading success have been widely studied for native English-speaking students, and those findings have been generalized to the English language learner (ELL) student population. However, the development of English language acquisition may be different for ELL students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of English letter naming fluency, initial sound fluency, and vocabulary skills at the time of kindergarten entry for first grade English oral reading fluency and to examine the variability in language and literacy skills of ELL students by their demographic characteristics. The data for this study came from the Progress Monitoring and Reporting Network (PMRN), and were collected from Florida's Reading First schools. Letter Naming Fluency, Initial Sound Fluency, and Oral Reading Fluency components of Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used as measures. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to analyze the curvilinear growth of ELL students’ first grade oral reading fluency. The results of this study revealed that kindergarten English letter naming fluency was the best predictor and vocabulary skills were the second best predictor of oral reading fluency in the first grade, followed by initial sound fluency. On average, male ELL students compared to female ELL students, ELL students eligible for free or reduced price lunch eligibility (FRPL) compared to those not eligible for FRPL, and Hispanic ELL students compared to White ELL students read fewer words at the beginning of the first grade and showed a slower growth rate. English oral reading fluency scores of Asian ELL students were the highest. 相似文献
18.
Nathlie A. Badian 《Annals of dyslexia》1995,45(1):79-96
A cohort of 92 children was followed through sixth grade to investigate the relationship of preschool skills and first grade
phonological awareness to reading and spelling. In particular, the focus was on the changing roles of letter naming, orthographic
awareness, and phonological processing in prediction, as reading experience increased. Preschool letter naming was a consistently
significant predictor of reading vocabulary, reading comprehension, and spelling at each grade level, but the preschool orthographic
task contributed most to reading comprehension and spelling at the higher grades. Conversely, the contribution of the first
grade phonemic awareness measures to reading skills dropped sharply after third grade, although they continued to contribute
to spelling prediction. When preschool precursors of phonological processing were examined, letter naming was found to be
a predictor of first and third grade phonemic awareness. Findings confirm the importance of letter naming as a predictor and
of the role of phonemic awareness in early reading acquisition, but also highlight the contribution of orthographic processing
skills to later reading. 相似文献
19.
Tuire Koponen Kenneth Eklund Riikka Heikkilä Jonna Salminen Lynn Fuchs Douglas Fuchs Mikko Aro 《Child development》2020,91(4):1063-1080
This study examines the core predictors of the covariance in reading and arithmetic fluency and the domain-general cognitive skills that explain the core predictors and covariance. Seven-year-old Finnish children (N = 200) were assessed on rapid automatized naming (RAN), phonological awareness, letter knowledge, verbal counting, number writing, number comparison, memory skills, and processing and articulation speed in the spring of Grade 1 and on reading and arithmetic fluency in the fall of Grade 2. RAN and verbal counting were strongly associated, and a constructed latent factor, serial retrieval fluency (SRF), was the strongest unique predictor of the shared variance. Other unique predictors were phonological awareness, number comparison, and processing speed. Findings highlight the importance of SRF in clarifying the relation between reading and arithmetic fluency. 相似文献
20.
A clinical rationale for assessing rapid automatized naming in children with language disorders 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three continuous rapid naming tasks (Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 1995) were administered to 2,450 American, English-speaking, academically achieving individuals with typical language development and intellectual ability (ages 6 to 21 years) and 136 individuals with primary language disorders (LD; ages 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15-16). Naming time in seconds differed significantly (p < .01) between the groups for color naming (Task 1) at age 12, shape naming (Task 2) at age 6, and color-shape naming (Task 3) at ages 6, 7, 9, and 12. Naming accuracy did not differ significantly (p > .01) between groups at the majority of the age levels compared. In the normative group, naming speed increased with age in a monotonic progression. The developmental trajectory in the LD group was essentially parallel, but elevated. The percentages of individuals who failed the naming-time criteria for Task 3 (color-shape naming) differed significantly in the two groups at all ages compared (p < .05). These findings indicate that the requirements for two-dimensional, continuous naming (Task 3 color-shape naming) resulted in reduced naming speed (longer total times) and interference with fluency in language production in about half of the clinical sample. 相似文献