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1.
The Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, Think of the next Experiment (CREATE) strategy for teaching and learning uses intensive analysis of primary literature to improve students’ critical-thinking and content integration abilities, as well as their self-rated science attitudes, understanding, and confidence. CREATE also supports maturation of undergraduates’ epistemological beliefs about science. This approach, originally tested with upper-level students, has been adapted in Introduction to Scientific Thinking, a new course for freshmen. Results from this course''s initial semesters indicate that freshmen in a one-semester introductory course that uses a narrowly focused set of readings to promote development of analytical skills made significant gains in critical-thinking and experimental design abilities. Students also reported significant gains in their ability to think scientifically and understand primary literature. Their perceptions and understanding of science improved, and multiple aspects of their epistemological beliefs about science gained sophistication. The course has no laboratory component, is relatively inexpensive to run, and could be adapted to any area of scientific study. 相似文献
2.
Comparisons of beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning among postsecondary students 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Marlene Schommer 《Research in higher education》1993,34(3):355-370
The purpose of this study is to assess postsecondary students' beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning, or epistemological beliefs. Comparisons were made between junior college students and university students and between technological science majors and social science majors on their degree of belief in simple knowledge, certain knowledge, innate ability, and quick learning. Junior college students were more likely to believe in simple, certain knowledge, and quick learning. University students were more likely to believe in innate ability. Technological science majors were more likely to believe in quick learning. Background variables, such as age, gender, and parental education, also contributed to differences between groups. Two-year institutions, as well as four-year institutions, might want to consider students' epistemological beliefs as possible factors affecting academic performance, attrition rate, and transfer difficulties. 相似文献
3.
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between students' views of the nature of scientific knowledge and
their own learning of physics, and the evolution of this relationship over time. Twenty-three students enrolled in a physics
course that emphasised laboratory work and discussions about the nature of science. Over a 15-month period, an extensive data
base was established including student essays and interviews regarding their views of the nature of science and teaching and
learning of physics. As part of an extensive data generation, students read a book on the epistemology of physics, wrote reflective
essays, and subsequently discussed the epistemology of physics in class. Two intensive case studies are used to illustrate
our understanding of students' views over time. Changes in students' views concerning the nature of scientific knowledge and
of the science teaching and learning process, which were not always complementary, are described with the aid of a model.
The findings of this research have direct relevance to the planning and implementation of science courses in which the development
of understandings of the nature of science is an objective. 相似文献
4.
This study examined elementary school children's beliefs about learning and assessed the influences of such beliefs on their understanding of science texts. Eighty-three children, 46 from Grade 4 and 37 from Grade 6, were administered a questionnaire on children's implicit notions of learning. Children were also asked to read a science text and complete several tasks that assessed their understanding of text information. Results indicated that older children were more likely to hold constructivist views of learning, and they also performed better than younger children on the text-processing tasks. As well, children's views of learning were significantly related to depth of text understanding when age effects were controlled. This study extends current research on epistemological beliefs of university and high school students. Implications of children's beliefs about learning and their roles in knowledge construction are discussed. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
5.
Stephen Waters‐Adams 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):919-944
This paper reports the relationship between four English primary teachers’ understanding of the nature of science and their practice. Action research was included as a major part of the research design in order to explore the dialectical interplay between various factors at work in the teachers’ practice. The influences of both tacit and espoused understandings of the nature of science were considered alongside the teachers’ beliefs about education, teaching, and learning. These beliefs were found to be the determining factor in the teachers’ decisions about classroom strategies. In arguing for a dialectical perspective on teachers’ practice, the research suggests that teachers’ espoused understanding of the nature of science may also be at least partially formed by the influence of these beliefs, raising the possibility that influence may run from teaching to theoretical understanding and not the other way round. 相似文献
6.
马星星 《四川教育学院学报》2014,30(9):56-61
通过对某大学英语专业新生语言学习观念的问卷调查,采用定量分析方法分析了新生语言学习观念差异背后的原因.分析结果表明,当今大学生对语言学习本质的理解更全面,他们意识到语言学习不仅要学语法、词汇而且要提高综合技能,尤其是交际能力的培养;他们的工具型动机较弱而融入型动机较强;不同外语水平的学生只在语言学习本质、语言学习动机观念上存在显著性差异. 相似文献
7.
历史的经验告诉我们,广大体育教师对新课程的理解和参与是体育课程改革获得成功的前提.而体育教师又是实施新课程的主体,要成为体育新课程改革的积极推动者,就要树立终身的学习观,丰富各方面的知识;要具有改革教学模式,培养学生的创新能力;应具备运用现代教育技术和手段的能力;应具有一定的体育教研教改能力. 相似文献
8.
In this paper we analyze the role played by self-confidence, modeled as beliefs about one's ability, in shaping task choices. We propose a model in which fully rational agents exploit all the available information to update their beliefs using Bayes’ rule, eventually learning their true type. We show that when the learning process does not converge quickly to the true ability level, small differences in initial confidence can result in diverging patterns of human capital accumulation between otherwise identical individuals. If differences in self-confidence are correlated with socio-economic background (as a large body of empirical literature suggests), self-confidence can be a channel through which education and earning inequalities perpetuate across generations. Our theory suggests that cognitive tests should take place as early as possible, in order to avoid that systematic differences in self-confidence among equally talented people lead to the emergence of gaps in the accumulation of human capital. 相似文献
9.
张敏 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2007,22(6):55-57
目的 营造学习能力培养、锻炼的条件和氛围,提高护生自我学习、掌握知识的能力,提高教学质量.方法 调查分析学生学习能力及影响学习的主要因素,从实际出发,在《药理学》教学过程中开展丰富多彩的教学互动活动,使学生学习能力得到锻炼、提高.结果 我院护生学习能力欠缺,是影响教学质量的主要因素之一,通过“学校-临床-社会“相结合的形式教学实践,促进了学习观念、学习资源、学习方法的优化.结论 在专业课教学中贯穿学习能力培养很有必要,且切实可行. 相似文献
10.
Students' epistemological beliefs about scientific knowledge and practice are one important influence on their approach to learning. This article explores the effects that students' inquiry during a 4‐week technology‐supported unit on evolution and natural selection had on their beliefs about the nature of science. Before and after the study, 8 students were interviewed using the Nature of Science interview developed by Carey and colleagues. Overall, students held a view of science as a search for right answers about the world. Yet, the inconsistency of individuals' responses undermines the assumption that students have stable, coherent epistemological frameworks. Students' expressed ideas did not change over the course of the intervention, suggesting important differences between students' talk during inquiry and their abilities to talk epistemologically about science. Combined with previous work, our findings emphasize the crucial role of an explicit epistemic discourse in developing students' epistemological understanding. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 369–392, 2003 相似文献
11.
Mara Zapata 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2013,8(4):777-801
This qualitative, sociocultural study examines how teacher preparation programs may have deliberate impact on science reform by unearthing the complex layers of diversity inherent in the contextual reality of education. This study was conducted in one of the largest school districts in the Southeastern United States, serving a predominately Hispanic population comprising 65 % of its student body, followed by African Americans at 24 %. The representative subjects utilized for this study were elementary education undergraduate students and later a percentage of the same subjects, as practicing teachers in the field. All subjects were exposed to inquiry based methodology in science teaching as part of their undergraduate studies with emphasis on the learning cycle, facilitation of student voice and exposure to the nature of science. The goal of science education was emphasized to students as purposeful in promoting scientific literacy. This study is framed by sociocultural theory grounded in a social constructivist paradigm with the understanding that science learning takes place within social and collaborative processes leading to internalization and greater sense of self-efficacy. The study examines the perception of education students’ beliefs about scientists as well as reflections on their own learning of science as elementary students themselves. As present practicing teachers, perspectives from their position in the field were obtained via interviews. Interviews served to elicit reflections on present practice as related to previous perceptions, in order to analyze whether these were pervasive in framing practice as well as self-perceptions related to science. A lack of change of these perceptions may underscore the importance of an emphasis on issues of gender, culture and social factors within teacher preparation, specific to science teaching and learning. Cognizance of such factors are believed to support internalization and hence greater understanding of the complexities framing science teaching and learning, leading to an actual paradigm shift in our elementary science classrooms. 相似文献
12.
The study presented in this paper integrates data from four combined research studies, which are both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The studies describe freshman science student teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning. These freshmen intend to become teachers in Germany in one of four science teaching domains (secondary biology, chemistry, and physics, respectively, as well as primary school science). The qualitative data from the first study are based on student teachers' drawings of themselves in teaching situations. It was formulated using Grounded Theory to test three scales: Beliefs about Classroom Organisation, Beliefs about Teaching Objectives, and Epistemological Beliefs. Three further quantitative studies give insight into student teachers' curricular beliefs, their beliefs about the nature of science itself, and about the student- and/or teacher-centredness of science teaching. This paper describes a design to integrate all these data within a mixed methods framework. The aim of the current study is to describe a broad, triangulated picture of freshman science student teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning within their respective science teaching domain. The study reveals clear tendencies between the sub-groups. The results suggest that freshman chemistry and—even more pronouncedly—freshman physics student teachers profess quite traditional beliefs about science teaching and learning. Biology and primary school student teachers express beliefs about their subjects which are more in line with modern educational theory. The mixed methods approach towards the student teachers' beliefs is reflected upon and implications for science education and science teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
13.
李桦 《安阳师范学院学报》2005,(5):130-131
以文献资料研究为视角,对高师体育专业武术课的教学效果进行了分析.武术教学应从教师的综合素质和能力抓起,规范学生的基本功、基本动作,正确理解和运用武术术语,区分拳种的风格、特点,培养学生看图自学能力及掌握套路构成的一般原则和规律,进一步提高学生学习武术的兴趣和效果. 相似文献
14.
采用文献资料法、问卷调查法,教学实验法、数理统计法、比较分析法等,就体育教学培养高师学生体育能力方案对泉州师范学院2002级外语、理工学院120名学生进行了为期1年的实证研究.结果表明,体育能力培养方案更能激发大学生的体育兴趣,提高学生自我锻炼和体育评价、促进大学生体育活动的指导和组织管理能力. 相似文献
15.
Mary Hanrahan 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):156-165
This paper presents a model for the type of classroom environment believed to facilitate scientific conceptual change. A survey
based on this model contains items about students' motivational beliefs, their study approach and their perceptions of their
teacher's actions and learning goal orientation. Results obtained from factor analyses, correlations and analyses of variance,
based on responses from 113 students, suggest that an empowering interpersonal teacher-student relationship is related to
a deep approach to learning, a positive attitude to science, and positive self-efficacy beliefs, and may be increased by a
constructivist approach to teaching.
Specializations: secondary school science learning environments, writing in science, alternative frameworks, the language of science. 相似文献
16.
The ability to accurately evaluate one's understanding of text information is critical for optimum learning to take place. One widely used paradigm for examining the accuracy of individuals' self-assessed comprehension has been termed calibration of comprehension. In this paradigm, students read a passage and are asked to make predictions about their future performance on a comprehension test. Calibration of comprehension is the relation between students' confidence and performance or between predicted and actual performance. In the present paper we review research on calibration of comprehension, examining a number of variables that have been found to influence calibration ability. In the first three sections of our paper we focus on the effects of individual, task, and text variables on students' calibration of comprehension. In the final section, we discuss implications of research on calibration for education and instruction. 相似文献
17.
For learning science, motivational beliefs such as confidence in one's science abilities and liking of science are associated with current and future science achievement, as well as continued interest in science classes and careers. However, there are currently no measures to test young children's motivational beliefs related to science learning. To meet this need, we developed the Puppet Interview Scales of Competence in and Enjoyment of Science (PISCES). We piloted PISCES with 113 kindergarten children in public schools participating in the Scientific Literacy Project (SLP). Factor analysis supported the multidimensional structure of young children's self-related beliefs about learning science. PISCES scales measured Science Liking, Science Competence, and Ease of Science Learning. Correlations among PISCES scales and achievement subtests provided evidence of PISCES's validity. Children's motivational beliefs varied as a function of length of time spent learning science, with competence beliefs associated positively with science experience. There were no gender differences. 相似文献
18.
GREGORY P. THOMAS 《Education and Information Technologies》2001,6(1):29-41
It is suggested widely that the use of computer technology holds great promise for school science education. Such a suggestion is congruent with broader beliefs that implementation of new technology is a key to improving education. However, little is known still about computer use in science classrooms and its effects on students' learning. This paper draws on major findings from recent research, integrates these with theoretical perspectives from associated education literature, and proposes guidelines for orienting computer use in high school science classrooms. It is proposed that (a) pedagogy should be strongly informed by appropriate theoretical orientations, (b) the importance of models in science should be acknowledged in pedagogy and in software development, (c) developing students' metacognition during instruction involving computers should be focussed upon, and (d) teachers' and students' beliefs and epistemologies should be recognised as key factors in educational change involving computer implementation and use. 相似文献
19.
Daniel L. Dinsmore Brian P. Zoellner Meghan M. Parkinson Anthony M. Rossi Mary J. Monk Jenelle Vinnachi 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):791-813
ABSTRACTView change about socio-scientific issues has been well studied in the literature, but the change in the complexity of those views has not. In the current study, the change in the complexity of views about a specific scientific topic (i.e. genetically modified organisms; GMOs) and use of evidence in explaining those views was examined in relation to individual factors and type of text (informational, persuasive, or narrative). Undergraduate students completed measures of their prior views about GMOs their epistemic beliefs about the nature of science, and activities related to food consumption. Participants then read either an informational, persuasive, or narrative passage about GMOs and again answered a question related to their views about GMOs. Participants who read the persuasive passage decreased in the complexity of their views, while those who read the narrative and expository passage increased in the complexity of their views. Additionally, while cultural activities related to the complexity of individuals’ views during the pretest, these significant differences were not evident at posttest after the text intervention. These findings can be used to help scientists and teachers better understand how to communicate information critical to understanding complex science and environmental issues to the public and their students. 相似文献
20.
We examine the relationship between high school students' beliefs about the nature of knowledge, or epistemological beliefs, and their attitudes toward education. High school students completed an epistemological questionnaire assessing their beliefs in fixed ability to learn, simple knowledge, quick learning, and certain knowledge. Then they answered open-ended questions on a hypothetical character named Billy. They were to advise Billy if he should go on to college even though his grades were poor and his parents had no money. Finally, they completed questions about their own feelings toward high school and their expectations of the demands of college. Attitudes toward school were then regressed on epistemological belief factor scores. The less students believed in fixed ability to learn and quick learning, the more likely they were to encourage Billy to go to college and to appreciate the role of school in furthering their education, gaining employment, and living everyday life. 相似文献