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1.
Michail Giannakos Mutlu Cukurova 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(5):1246-1267
This study presents the outcomes of a semi-systematic literature review on the role of learning theory in multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) research. Based on previous systematic literature reviews in MMLA and an additional new search, 35 MMLA works were identified that use theory. The results show that MMLA studies do not always discuss their findings within an established theoretical framework. Most of the theory-driven MMLA studies are positioned in the cognitive and affective domains, and the three most frequently used theories are embodied cognition, cognitive load theory and control–value theory of achievement emotions. Often, the theories are only used to inform the study design, but there is a relationship between the most frequently used theories and the data modalities used to operationalize those theories. Although studies such as these are rare, the findings indicate that MMLA affordances can, indeed, lead to theoretical contributions to learning sciences. In this work, we discuss methods of accelerating theory-driven MMLA research and how this acceleration can extend or even create new theoretical knowledge.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) is an emerging field of research with inherent connections to advanced computational analyses of social phenomena.
- MMLA can help us monitor learning activity at the micro-level and model cognitive, affective and social factors associated with learning using data from both physical and digital spaces.
- MMLA provide new opportunities to support students' learning.
- Some MMLA works use theory, but, overall, the role of theory is currently limited.
- The three theories dominating MMLA research are embodied cognition, control–value theory of achievement emotions and cognitive load theory.
- Most of the theory-driven MMLA papers use theory ‘as is’ and do not consider the analytical and synthetic role of theory or aim to contribute to it.
- If the ultimate goal of MMLA, and AI in Education in general, research is to understand and support human learning, these studies should be expected to align their findings (or not) with established relevant theories.
- MMLA research is mature enough to contribute to learning theory, and more research should aim to do so.
- MMLA researchers and practitioners, including technology designers, developers, educators and policy-makers, can use this review as an overview of the current state of theory-driven MMLA.
2.
Fiona Mayne Christine Howitt Léonie J. Rennie 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2017,21(3):299-315
ABSTRACTEnsuring young children’s competence to participate meaningfully in the informed consent process is a troublesome ethical issue. Evolving recognition of the influence of context and relationship, researcher perspective, and researcher responsibility to provide adequate support has advanced understanding of how this might be achieved. Here, we report the findings of the pilot trial of a new approach that used an ‘interactive nonfiction narrative’ to enhance young children’s capacity to provide meaningful informed consent. This innovative approach employs (re)telling strategies and technology (interactive) to convey factual information about the research (nonfiction) via a story (narrative) to promote participant understanding. Case studies of two 3-year-old boys and their mothers captured participants’ understanding of the informing and consent process. Data collection in the child’s home took place over 11 weeks and included conversations with children and semi-structured interviews with parents on three occasions, together with videos of children interacting with the informing story. We found that children understood many of the key concepts, including the research problem and how they could ‘help’ (participate). Children also understood that they could cease their participation, with one boy exercising his right to opt out towards the end of the study. 相似文献
3.
从克隆人技术目的看,基础研究性克隆一般不会引起伦理上强烈冲击,治疗性和生殖性克隆则强烈冲击着人类伦理道德。生殖性克隆伦理问题的突出表现在于有损人类的尊严,治疗性克隆伦理问题的核心则是胚胎的权利与道德地位问题。考虑到克隆人技术的真理性和实践性两个层面,以及评判标准的相对性,对该技术进行绝对的善恶评判有失慎重。不过,生命伦理领域制定规范该技术的伦理原则是必须的,其中,知情同意原则理应是一个重要原则,其伦理学依据在于:人是目的,而不是手段。 相似文献
4.
This article draws from a 23-month ethnographic study conducted in mixed-status Mexican homes to detail the particular methodological concerns that arise when conducting research within these legally complex and vulnerable families. Specifically, the analysis illustrates when and why undocumented parents in one focal family asked the ethnographer to consider legally adopting their two young sons in an effort to obtain equal rights for both children and to mitigate the risk of family separation during deportation. The ethical issues of beneficence, informed consent, and reciprocity raised by this particular situation open onto larger methodological and ethical questions relevant to qualitative and ethnographic researchers working within immigrant communities. 相似文献
5.
Marc Beardsley Patricia Santos Davinia Hernández-Leo Konstantinos Michos 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(3):1019-1034
Participants in educational technology research regularly share personal data which carries with it risks. Informing participants of these data sharing risks is often only done so through text contained within a consent form. However, conceptualizations of data sharing risks and knowledge of responsible data management practices among teachers and learners may be impoverished—limiting the effectiveness of a consent form in communicating such risks in a manner that adequately supports participants in making informed decisions about sharing their data. At two high schools participating in an educational research project involving the use of technology in the classroom, we investigate teacher and student conceptions of data sharing risks and knowledge of responsible data management practices; and introduce a communication approach that attempts to better inform educational technology research participants of such risks. Results of this study suggest that most teachers have not received formal training related to responsibly managing data; and both teachers and students see the need for such training as they come to realize that their understanding of responsible data management is underdeveloped. Thus, efforts beyond solely explaining data sharing risks in an informed consent form may be needed in educational technology research to facilitate ethical self-determination. 相似文献
6.
Lorna Arnott Loreain Martinez-Lejarreta Kate Wall Caralyn Blaisdell Ioanna Palaiologou 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(4):786-810
In an era when children’s rights are paramount, there are still few practical examples to guide us when seeking informed consent from children. This article therefore makes a significant contribution to the field by examining three practical approaches to negotiating informed consent with young children under 6 years old. We draw on researcher field notes, images and observations from four research projects that employed creative methods for seeking informed consent from young children. We take a reflexive approach, considering how successful the three techniques have been in facilitating young children’s decision-making around research participation. Our findings suggest that innovative approaches to informed consent create spaces for children to engage in dialogue and questioning about the research project. However, in order for the approaches to be meaningful, they need to be pedagogically appropriate to the maturity and capabilities of the children. We also demonstrate that, irrespective of the approach devised, researchers have a responsibility to ensure consent is continuously negotiated throughout the project through reflexive questioning. 相似文献
7.
“媒介即讯息”是麦克卢汉媒介观中最能体现其媒介技术认识论的一个核心论断,在传统媒介面临大数据和5G物联网等新技术冲击的今天,其理论内涵逐步被诠释完整,并得到进一步延伸。论文通过对麦克卢汉“媒介即讯息”理论的再认识,从对数据传播根源的认识、数据传播内涵的理解,到数据传播形态的分析,多视觉探讨了“技术即媒介”“媒介即环境”“数据即讯息”的观点,并从哲学的角度对基于大数据的数据传播方式可能带来的伦理隐忧进行了思考,研究工作将有助于促进新媒介技术的理性发展和正确应用。 相似文献
8.
Michael Henderson Nicola F. Johnson Glenn Auld 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(6):546-560
Social media, such as social network sites and blogs, are increasingly being used as core or ancillary components of educational research, from recruitment to observation and interaction with researchers. However, this article reveals complex ethical dilemmas surrounding consent, traceability, working with children, and illicit activity that we have faced as education researchers for which there is little specific guidance in the literature. We believe that ethical research committees cannot, and should not, be relied upon as our ethical compass as they also struggle to deal with emerging technologies and their implications. Consequently, we call for researchers to report on the ethical dilemmas in their practice to serve as a guide for those who follow. We also recommend considering research ethics as an ongoing dialogical process in which the researcher, participants, and ethics committee work together in identifying potential problems as well as finding ways forward. 相似文献
9.
Lisa K. Maguire Bronagh Byrne Susan Kehoe 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2018,41(1):89-103
This paper provides an introduction to issues surrounding the participation rights of young people in research and the implications of their growing involvement in research as well as providing a discourse on the ethical implications related to consent. The unique contribution of this paper is that it considers children’s rights in respect to the increasing opportunities for young people to take part in evaluation research. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to acknowledge the growing involvement for young people in research and the implications of ensuring that their rights of participation are respected. Secondly, we will consider the children’s rights legislation and our obligations as researchers to implement this. Finally, we will explore consent as an issue in its own right as well as the practicalities of accessing participants. This paper will postulate that any research about young people should involve and prioritize at all stages of the research process; including participation in decision-making. We conclude by identifying five key principles, which we believe can help to facilitate the fulfilment of post-primary pupils’ ability to consent to participate in trials and evaluative research. 相似文献
10.
Facebook status updates provided the data for a study about the transition learning experiences of 1st-year university students. Strict ethical guidelines were proposed by the PhD researcher from the outset of the study. Anonymity was considered important for the approved ethical clearance for both the university and the participants. Phenomenography was adopted and adapted for the study because it both conceptually and methodologically managed anonymity as well as questions of authenticity. An ethical dilemma arose during the research because the archival parameters were expanded by the researcher to allow the collection of data from the participants’ network. Questions of consent in an online space and how to report findings, which included data from people unaware of their involvement in the research, needed to be considered. 相似文献
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12.
Hiba K. Massoud 《Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION》2019,29(1):84-101
We reveal the current level of flexible admission systems (FAS) at UK universities, and explore its impact on student enrollment rates. We employ quantitative analysis techniques for data collected and customized from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the UK, during the period 2010–2015. To understand the impact of FAS on student enrollment, six statistical tests were conducted. Based on the level of FAS adopted by universities, we identified four groups of UK universities: very low, low, medium, and high levels of FAS. No robust evidence exists to support claims that universities which apply a higher level of FAS have higher student enrollment. The study results were based only on secondary data collected from HESA, so future studies should be based on other types of data. This paper attempts to cover the missing elements of previous literature and its traditional research techniques. 相似文献
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14.
Gemma Stevens Victoria L. O'Donnell Lynn Williams 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2015,21(2):154-167
This paper discusses the ethical issues faced in undertaking research about the role of learning in the subjective experience of chronic illness, where data were taken from social media. Drawing on psychology and education, this paper discusses the ways in which authors from these disciplines are laying the groundwork for legitimate online research by actively debating the public versus private nature of online spaces. The paper explains how this debate informed the development of an ethical approach to research. Relevant ethical guidelines and previous research are used to support the argument that individuals’ informed consent is not necessary in online contexts where data exist within the public domain, and where risk of harm to users is low. This paper provides an insight into one educational researcher's journey through the process of doing ethical social media research, and suggests ways forward for others embarking upon that same journey. 相似文献
15.
《Ethnography and Education》2013,8(1):21-38
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical and methodological significance for children and university researchers to participate together in data collection and research interpretation. We examine this process in the context of a three-year study with the aim of understanding how children become identified as having difficulties in a diverse, semi-urban minority French-speaking Catholic elementary school in Ontario (Canada). First, we review the literature on child informed consent. Then, we describe the setting and the process of how children in this study became informed participants. We describe how the children became active in exercising their discretionary consent to be observed during the data collection process, then how they progressively became engaged in observing their social context in terms of their own sense-making of the research project. We discuss how the children gave a new direction to the original project proposed by the university research team investigating on identification and special needs children. Lastly, we revisit the ways in which we addressed the various subject positions that became possible for us and for the children as co-researchers within the social relations of the classroom-based research team in a French minority language school. It became apparent throughout the research that informing consent was more than an act on the part of researchers to explain and thus establish a research framework in which collecting data from children would take place. Rather, we found that our research with children involved children's active participation as co-researchers informing the project from its design to its data analysis. 相似文献
16.
This Forum issue discusses the centrality of the fieldwork in doctoral research. The inevitability of researchers’ influence and of their values apparent during and after their fieldwork calls for a high degree of reflexivity. Since the standard methodology textbooks do not sufficiently guide on addressing such challenges, doctoral researchers go through stressful phases, at times revising various decisions they made before starting fieldwork. By drawing upon four case studies from varied contexts, this forum highlights some of these challenges including: going beyond signing the consent form and building rapport to elicit student voices; the ethical implications of White privilege of researchers turning consent into an obligatory contract with participants; unanticipated delays in the fieldwork opening up new possibilities; and tensions resulting from negotiating between insider and outsider identities while researching in two hostile contexts. 相似文献
17.
注册入学模式下对高职生思想道德教育的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张玉梅 《十堰职业技术学院学报》2011,24(6):21-24
在经过1999年的大学扩招后,10年间我国的高等教育发展取得了辉煌的成绩。但在成功之余,新的威胁已经悄然来临。面对高职生源危机,2011年各省纷纷推出高职招生的新模式:高职注册入学。注册入学这一改革将带来明显的学生层次分化。作者通过探讨注册入学形成的背景,对新形势下高职生的思想道德教育(以下简称思德教育)进行了思考,分析了注册入学模式带来的高职生思德的新状况,针对这些新状况提出了高职思德教育新对策,意在未雨绸缪、抛砖引玉,以供同行商榷。 相似文献
18.
何霞 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2010,(4):31-35
知情同意是人体试验的关键问题,对于受试者利益的保护具有重要意义。在规范人体试验时,我国法律对知情同意有相关规定,但存在一定的缺失和不足。在研究者告知义务方面,对于研究者的说明事项规范有待改进。在受试者同意方面,将行为能力制度运用于受试者的同意能力不适当,有建立＂医事上同意能力制度＂的必要,且受试者的同意能力应当依据个案判断。知情同意实践中,弱势群体之一孕妇参与人体试验在我国存在立法缺失,应予以补充和完善。 相似文献
19.
Samuel D. Lustgarten Daniel M. Elchert Charles Cederberg Yunkyoung L. Garrison Y. C. S. Ho 《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2017,31(4):281-296
The extent to which clients understand the nature and anticipated course of therapy is referred to as informed consent. Counseling psychologists often provide informed consent documents to enhance the education of services and for liability purposes. Professionals in numerous health care settings have evaluated the readability of their informed consent documents, but no such peer-reviewed research exists for university counseling centers. This study evaluated the informed consent documents for psychotherapy from university counseling centers using three readability formulas (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook [SMOG] Grading). The findings support the authors’ exploratory hypotheses that informed consent documents in university counseling centers are rated as challenging to read for college students. Recommendations and implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Thomas H. Champney Sabine
Hildebrandt D. Gareth Jones Andreas
Winkelmann 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(3):317-325
With the ongoing and expanding use of willed bodies in medical education and research, there has been a concomitant rise in the need for willed bodies and an increase in the means of supplying these bodies. A relatively recent development to enlarge this supply has been the growth of for- profit willed body companies (“body brokers”) in the United States. These companies advertise for donors, cover all cremation and other fees for the donor, distribute the bodies or body parts nationally and internationally, and charge their users for access to the body or body parts. In doing so, they generate substantial profits. This review examines the historical development of willed body programs, the legal and economic aspects of willed body programs, and then provides an ethical framework for the use of willed bodies. The ethical principles described include detailed informed consent from the donors, comprehensive and transparent information about the process from the body donation organizations, and societal input on the proper and legal handling of willed bodies. Based on the ethical principles outlined, it is recommended that there be no commercialization or commodification of willed bodies, and that programs that use willed bodies should not generate profit. 相似文献