共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
Sandhya N. Baviskar R. Todd Hartle Tiffany Whitney 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):541-550
Constructivism is an important theory of learning that is used to guide the development of new teaching methods, particularly in science education. However, because it is a theory of learning and not of teaching, constructivism is often either misused or misunderstood. Here we describe the four essential features of constructivism: eliciting prior knowledge, creating cognitive dissonance, application of new knowledge with feedback, and reflection on learning. We then use the criteria we developed to evaluate five representative published articles that claim to describe and test constructivist teaching methods. Of these five articles, we demonstrate that three do not adhere to the constructivist criteria, whereas two provide strong examples of how constructivism can be employed as a teaching method. We suggest that application of the four essential criteria will be a useful tool for all professional educators who plan to implement or evaluate constructivist teaching methods. 相似文献
2.
While constructivism has emerged as a major reform in science education from the last decade, wide-spread adoption of constructivist
practices in school laboratories and classrooms is yet to be achieved. If constructivist approaches are to be utilised more
widely, teachers will need to accept a more active and constructivist role in their own pedagogical learning. One experienced
junior science teacher was able to implement constructivist approaches in her classroom by using a personally constructed
metaphor to guide her practice.
Specializations: science education, teaching of thinking, professional development.
Specializations: constructivism, professional development. 相似文献
3.
Thao-Do Thi Phuong BAC-LY DANG THI Yuenyong Chokchai 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,14(1):55-79
Constructivism was introduced to Vietnam through many ways such as workshops, books, the Internet, and so on. However, due to the lack of professional education, fundamental ideas of constructivist learning perhaps were missing or neglected through classroom activities. Furthermore, due to the influence of culture and society, Vietnamese constructivism certainly has its own agenda. This paper adapted the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) which was originally developed by Taylor and Fraser (1991) to investigate the classroom environment in a Physics Teacher Education programme in Vietnam, as well as to illustrate Vietnamese teacher educators’ views in employing constructivist learning. Fifteen teaching periods in seven different classrooms were observed, and five teacher educators from those classes were interviewed. Participants are lecturers and bachelor students of the Physics Teacher Education programme at Can Tho University, Mekong Delta region, south of Vietnam. Results showed that all five scales of the CLES in these classrooms are at the intermediate level. All the lecturers indicated positive attitudes about constructivism and have certain methods to perform these constructivist issues in their classes, but they have problems in practical instructional strategies for some scales. Therefore, we suggest that professional development programmes on how to apply constructivist theory, based on each particular scale of the CLES, are essential. This is especially true in scientific uncertainty, critical voice, and shared control. Yet, in a country that highly appreciates Confucianism with social order, not all aspects of an ideal constructivist learning environment should be equally improved. Generally, we believe that constructivist learning will be a key answer to the problem of the generally passive learning style in Vietnam.
相似文献4.
建构主义对科学教育理论的贡献与局限 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
建构主义在教育上的贡献主要在于在教育思想上进一步强调了认知主体的主动性 ,在科学教育上指出了科学知识学习的困难性。但激进的建构主义认识论和方法论在根本上有悖于科学理性 ,将认知主体的主动性和科学学习的困难性夸大为科学知识不可传授 ,这给教育研究和实践带来了混乱。在我国进行科学教育理论探索和实践的过程中 ,在应用建构主义原理发展学生的自主性的同时 ,应注意防止激进的建构主义的负面影响 相似文献
5.
Niaz Mansoor Abd-El-Khalick Fouad Benarroch Alicia Cardellini Liberato Laburú Carlos E. Marín Nicolás Montes Luis A. Nola Robert Orlik Yuri Scharmann Lawrence C. Tsai Chin-Chung Tsaparlis Georgios 《Science & Education》2003,12(8):787-797
This commentary is a critical appraisal of Gil-Pérez et al.'s (2002) conceptualization of constructivism. It is argued that the following aspects of their presentation are problematic: (a) Although the role of controversy is recognized, the authors implicitly subscribe to a Kuhnian perspective of `normal' science; (b) Authors fail to recognize the importance of von Glasersfeld's contribution to the understanding of constructivism in science education; (c) The fact that it is not possible to implement a constructivist pedagogy without a constructivist epistemology has been ignored; and (d) Failure to recognize that the metaphor of the `student as a developing scientist' facilitates teaching strategies as students are confronted with alternative/rival/conflicting ideas. Finally, we have shown that constructivism in science education is going through a process of continual critical appraisals. 相似文献
6.
Recent research literature in science education, sciencecurriculum documents, and science methods texts have been highly influenced by constructivist views ofhow students learn science. But the widespread and often uncritical acceptance of constructivism in scienceeducation does not reflect the heated debate between constructivists and realist science educatorsover its underlying philosophy, and the curricular and pedagogical implications of constructivism. This paperaims to show that Bernard Lonergan's theory of cognition can inform this debate by (a) suggesting ways tosee the merit in the views of constructivists and realists and bridge the gap between them, (b) illustratinghow Lonergan's thought can be brought to bear on science curriculum documents and teaching-learning resourcesfor science teachers. Lonergan's Theory of Cognition suggests that human knowing is not a singleoperation, but a dynamic and integral whole whose parts are sensory experience, understanding, and judging. 相似文献
7.
This paper argues that constructivist science education works with an unsatisfactory account of knowledge which affects both its account of the nature of science and of science education. The paper begins with a brief survey of realism and anti-realism in science and the varieties of constructivism that can be found. In the second section the important conception of knowledge and teaching that Plato develops in the Meno is contrasted with constructivism. The section ends with an account of the contribution that Vico (as understood by constructivists), Kant and Piaget have made to constructivist doctrines. Section three is devoted to a critique of the theory of knowledge and the anti-realism of von Glaserfeld. The final section considers the connection, or lack of it, between the constructivist view of science and knowledge and the teaching of science. 相似文献
8.
无论是西方建构主义还是传统教学中“以教师为中心”的教育思想,都不适应我国培养创新型人才的需要,我们既要借鉴西方的建构主义学习理论又要正确理解、运用孔子的教育思想,创建适合中国国情的中国特色建构主义学习理论。孔子的教育思想,是中国特色建构主义的源头活水,对于我们探索中国特色建构主义具有现实指导意义。 相似文献
9.
This article indicates something of the enormous influence of constructivism on contemporary science education. The article distinguishes educational constructivism (that has its origins in theories of children's learning), from constructivism in the philosophy of science (usually associated with instrumentalist views of scientific theory), and from constructivism in the sociology of science (of which the Edinburgh Strong Programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge is the best known example). It notes the expansion of educational constructivism from initial considerations of how children come to learn, to views about epistemology, educational theory, ethics, and the cognitive claims of science. From the learning-theory beginnings of constructivism, and at each stage of its growth, philosophical questions arise that deserve the attention of educators. Among other things, the article identifies some theoretical problems concerning constructivist teaching of the content of science. 相似文献
10.
Martin Braund 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):189-200
The school-based task is firmly established in teacher education in the UK. In the study reported, primary student teachers carried out tasks exploring children's learning in science and were told to discuss the outcomes with their classteacher-mentors. The tasks and their university-based training followed a "constructivist" approach to learning science. The mentors' role in debriefing school-based tasks has been assumed to be one of "reflective practitioner" able to unpack issues of pedagogy with the student teacher. The research reported here shows that discussions often lacked depth or reflected a superficial or different understanding of constructivism by mentors that conflicted with the student teachers' aspirations. The implications of the research for future practice in teacher education and specifically for the training of mentors in science are discussed. 相似文献
11.
We explore Ernst von Glaserfelds radical constructivism, its criticisms, and our own thoughts on what it promises for the reform of science and mathematics teaching. Our investigation reveals that many criticisms of radical constructivism are unwarranted; nevertheless, in its current cognitivist form radical constructivism may be insufficient to empower teachers to overcome objectivist cultural traditions. Teachers need to be empowered with rich understandings of philosophies of science and mathematics that endorse relativist epistemologies; for without such they are unlikely to be prepared to reconstruct their pedagogical practices. More importantly, however, is a need for a powerful social epistemology to serve as a referent for regenerating the culture of science education. We recommend blending radical constructivism with Habermas theory of communicative action to provide science teachers with a moral imperative for adopting a constructivist epistemology. 相似文献
12.
Epistemological Anarchy and the Many Forms of Constructivism 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
Constructivism has become an important referent for research and practice in science education. A variety of more or less divergent forms of constructivism have developed: discussion between these is occasionally heated. Six such forms are briefly described in order to provide an overview of the field of constructivist theory. A scheme for characterising constructivist writing on the basis of its relative emphasis on (a) personal versus social construction of knowledge and (b) objectivist versus relativist views of the nature of science is suggested. Issues of theory creation and reflexivity, central to constructivist practice, are discussed. It is suggested that debate about the "best" form of constructivism is counterproductive. A more powerful approach to epistemology is that described by Feyerabend, the holding in dialectical tension of a variety of incompatible perspectives:The following essay is written in the conviction that anarchism, while perhaps not the most attractive political philosophy, is certainly excellent medicine for epistemology, and for the philosophy of science (Feyerabend, 1975, 17, italics in original). 相似文献
13.
Mordechai Gordon 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(6):737-746
Constructivism has emerged as a very powerful model for explaining how knowledge is produced in the world as well as how students learn. Moreover, constructivist teaching practices are becoming more prevalent in teacher education programs and public schools across the nation, while demonstrating significant success in promoting student learning. In this essay, the author takes a serious look at constructivist teaching practices highlighting both the promises and potential problems of these practices. The author argues that constructivist teaching has often been misinterpreted and misused, resulting in learning practices that neither challenge students nor address their needs. He outlines some of the ways in which constructivism has been misconstrued and analyzes several ways in which constructivist teaching has been misused. The author also presents two examples that illustrate the effective use of constructivist teaching and explains what makes them successful. 相似文献
14.
This paper addresses the parallel between the changes in students' and teachers' learning advocated by constructivist science educators. It begins with a summary of the epistemology of constructivism and uses a vignette drawn from a set of case studies to explore the impact of a constructivist science in‐service programme on an experienced and formal elementary science teacher. Judged by constructivist standards, the teacher described in the vignette makes very little progress. The irony of applying a constructivist critique to his work, however, is that it fails to treat the teachers' imperfect knowledge of teaching with the same respect as constructivists treat students' imperfect learning of science. The remainder of the paper explores this constructivist paradox, and suggests that‐like students' knowledge of science‐teachers' knowledge of constructivist science teaching is likely to grow through slow and gradual re‐formation of their established understanding of classroom theory and practice. 相似文献
15.
Constructivism and Science Education: A Further Appraisal 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Michael R. Matthews 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2002,11(2):121-134
This paper is critical of constructivism. It examines the philosophical underpinnings of the theory, it outlines the impact of the doctrine on contemporary science education, it details the relativist and subjectivist interpretation of Thomas Kuhn's work found in constructivist writings, it indicates the problems that constructivist theory places in the way of teaching the content of science, and finally it suggests that a lot of old-fashioned, perfectly reasonable educational truisms and concepts are needlessly cloaked in constructivist jargon that inhibites communication with educationalists and policy makers. 相似文献
16.
E. A. Collins 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(1):35-38
The introduction raises basic issues about the many contradictory shapes of constructivism and the possible existence of a central substance or philosophical core that can be called constructivism. The ontological and epistemological dimensions of constructivism that help mold the different shapes are highlighted in the introduction. Next comes an analysis of constructivist shape-shifting from Piaget to the social constructivists, followed by a synthesis of any substantial tenets that might bring "identity" to constructivism. I then show how teacher education has applied some key constructivist ideas, and I evaluate the soundness of constructivism as a framework for teacher education. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Michael R. Matthews 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):299-307
The paper outlines the significant influence of constructivism in contemporary science and mathematics education, and emphasises
the central role that epistemology plays in constructivist theory and practice. It is claimed that despite the anti-empiricism
of much constructivist writing, in most forms its epistemology is nevertheless firmly empiricist. In particular it is subject-centered
and experience-based. It is argued that its relativist, if not skeptical conclusions, only follow given these empiricist assumptions.
Further it is suggested that such assumptions belong to Aristotelian science, and were effectively overthrown with the modern
science of Galileo and Newton. Thus constructivism cannot provide understanding of post-Aristotelian science.
Specializations: history, philosophy and science teaching. 相似文献
18.
“What is truth?” Pontius Pilot asked Jesus of Nazareth. For many educators today this question seems quaintly passé. Rejection of “truth” goes hand-in-hand with the rejection of epistemological realism. Educational thought over the last decade has instead been dominated by empiricist, anti-realist, instrumentalist epistemologies of two types: first by psychological constructivism and later by social constructivism. Social constructivism subsequently has been pressed to its logical conclusion in the form of relativistic multiculturalism. Proponents of both psychological constructivism and social constructivism value knowledge for its utility and eschew as irrelevant speculation any notion that knowledge is actually about reality. The arguments are largely grounded in the discourse of science and science education where science is “western” science; neither universal nor about what is really real. The authors defended the notion of science as universal in a previous article. The present purpose is to offer a commonsense argument in defense of critical realism as an epistemology and the epistemically distinguished position of science (rather than privileged) within a framework of epistemological pluralism. The paper begins with a brief cultural survey of events during the thirty-year period from 1960–1990 that brought many educators to break with epistemological realism and concludes with comments on the pedagogical importance of realism. Understanding the cultural milieu of the past forty years is critical to understanding why traditional philosophical attacks on social constructivist ideas have proved impotent defenders of scientific realism. 相似文献
19.
Constructivism is a set of beliefs that can be used by teachers to think about learning and teaching and to plan and enact
a science curriculum. This paper is a fictional account of an elementary science teacher and her use of constructivism as
a referent for her various roles as a science teacher. The paper also describes how the teacher came to teach in this manner,
describing her involvement in staff development activities and an evolution in her thinking from an ojectivist to a constructivist
system of semantics. Implications are presented for the reform of science education. 相似文献
20.
Interest in constructivism has fueled enthusiasm for the development of games and team-sport pedagogy over the past decade, but individual sports have yet to receive the same attention. In this article we redress this oversight by suggesting that constructivist perspectives on learning can be used to develop student-centered, inquiry-based approaches to teaching individual sports. We set out to provide examples of how this might be achieved by outlining the ways in which constructivist theories of learning can be employed to inform the teaching of swimming. Typically characterized by high repetition and a strong emphasis on technical mastery in a stable and predictable environment, swimming has escaped the attention of researchers in the physical education field interested in exploring the contributions that constructivism can make to enhancing learning. To emphasize the significance of the physical environment for learning, we suggest two approaches for teaching swimming in the two very different contexts of the pool and the surf to explore the implications that this holds for learning and teaching. 相似文献