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1.
The effect of acute hypoxic hypoxia on the profile of plasma amino acids in rats was studied and compared to that resulting from acute liver injury induced by giving carbon tetrachloride. In hypoxic rats exposed to 45% air in N2 for 5 h, the concentrations of branched chain amino acids, including valine, leucine and isoleucine, and aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly increased as compared to those in normoxic rats. The ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids (Fischer’s ratio) was significantly decreased. The levels of arginine and citrulline, which are related to the urea cycle, were also depressed. Furthermore, plasma proline level was reduced in hypoxic rats. The activities of plasma marker enzymes for tissue damage remained unchanged during hypoxia, indicating that tissue injury was not induced by exposure to hypoxic conditions. We suggest that the characteristic profile of plasma amino acids and the Fischer ratio are valuable tools for understanding the pathology of acute hypoxia in the absence of systemic tissue damage.  相似文献   

2.
High altitude hypoxia is known to induce an inflammatory response in immune cells. Hypoxia induced inflammatory chemokines may contribute to the development of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) by causing damage to the lung endothelial cells and thereby capillary leakage. In the present study, we were interested to know whether chronic inflammation may contribute to HAPE susceptibility. We examined the serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 in group (1) HAPE Susceptible subjects (n = 20) who had past history of HAPE and group (2) Control (n = 18) consist of subjects who had stayed at high altitude for 2 years without any history of HAPE. The data obtained confirmed that circulating MCP-1, MIP-1α were significantly upregulated in HAPE-S individuals as compared to the controls suggestive of chronic inflammation. However, it is not certain whether chronic inflammation is cause or consequence of previous episode of HAPE. The moderate systemic increase of these inflammatory markers may reflect considerable local inflammation. The existence of enhanced level of inflammatory chemokines found in this study support the hypothesis that subjects with past history of HAPE have higher baseline chronic inflammation which may contribute to HAPE susceptibility.  相似文献   

3.
Metastatic cancer cells must traverse a microenvironment ranging from extremely hypoxic, within the tumor, to highly oxygenated, within the host''s vasculature. Tumor hypoxia can be further characterized by regions of both chronic and intermittent hypoxia. We present the design and characterization of a microfluidic device that can simultaneously mimic the oxygenation conditions observed within the tumor and model the cell migration and intravasation processes. This device can generate spatial oxygen gradients of chronic hypoxia and produce dynamically changing hypoxic microenvironments in long-term culture of cancer cells.  相似文献   

4.
Dietary and lifestyle factors have been shown to have a profound effect on paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity. Cigarette smoke has been shown to inhibit its mass and activity where as resveratrol has been shown to enhance it. We exposed hepatoma derived cell line (HepG2) to resveratrol and nicotine in varying doses and measured PON1 enzymatic activity and PON1 gene expression. In addition, total protein content of HepG2 cells was also measured. Resveratrol in a dose of 15 μmol/l or above significantly increased the PON1 enzyme activity (p > 0.001) where as nicotine in a dose of 1 μmol/l or higher significantly reduced it (p < 0.05). The resveratrol in this dose also enhanced the PON1 gene expression whereas nicotine decreased it as compared to controls. However, the protein conent of cells was not changed suggesting that they were not cytotoxic in the doses used. Till date the antioxidant vitamins have shown disappointing results against LDL oxidation and cardiovascular protection. However, the effect of resveratrol on PON1 gene expression and activity was significant, suggesting increase in PON1 activity and enhanced gene expression may be its alternative mechanism for offering protection against cardiovascular disease and may be an potential pharmacological agent which can be used for this.  相似文献   

5.
To examine the possible involvement of human B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), CD4+ cells, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as biomarkers in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), activities of these biomarkers in serum were demonstrated by the method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Two groups of subjects (60 for each), were examined in this study; healthy controls and patients with HCC. The present results declare that, significant decrease in Bcl-2 (p ≤ 0.0001), and CD 4+ (p ≤ 0.001), while significant increase in HGF and MMP-9 (p ≤ 0.05). These findings imply an influence of these biomarkers by the existence of hepatic carcinoma that might reflect the progression of disease and a distinction between the pathological mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinoma. Since, the serum MMP-9 activity was significantly varied between each stage of HCC. An individual profile of the present investigated parameters was detected that might serve as an easy accessing serum marker to monitor the progression of hepatic cell disorders.  相似文献   

6.
Infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may suffer from severe hypoxia, asphyxia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) level as a diagnostic marker for hypoxia in preterm infants with RDS. Thirty-seven premature newborns with RDS were allocated as the study group and 42 healthy preterm neonates were selected as the control group. IMA was measured as absorbance unit (ABSU) in human serum with colorimetric assay method which is based on reduction in albumin cobalt binding. IMA levels were significantly higher in neonates with RDS as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Cut-off value of IMA (ABSU) was 0.72, the sensitivity level was 91.9 %, the specificity was 78.6 %, positive predictive value was 79.1 % and negative predictive value was 91.7 % at RDS. Area under curve values was 0.93 (P < 0.001; 95 % CI, 0.88–0.98) in the receiver operating characteristic curve. We concluded that elevated blood IMA levels might be accepted as a useful marker for hypoxia in newborn with RDS.  相似文献   

7.
Telomere stability is indispensable for continuous proliferation of cells. Telomere structure is maintained by group of six proteins termed as shelterin. RAP1 and POT1 proteins are significant members of shelterin complex. Expression of RAP1 and POT1 are crucial for telomere maintenance and hence uncontrolled division of cells. Notably, expression of RAP1 and POT1 is unknown in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In view of these facts, the present study was initiated to investigate the expression of RAP1 and POT1 in RCC and their relationships with clinicopathological features. In total 65 histopathologically confirmed RCC cases and their adjacent normal renal parenchyma were analyzed for gene expression. The mRNA expression of telomere binding proteins RAP1 and POT1 were measured using RT-PCR. Expression of RAP1 was observed to be significantly increased in tumour tissues as compared to corresponding normal renal tissues (P = 0.004). The gene expression of RAP1 was documented to be related to grades of RCC (P = 0.002) and subtypes of RCC (P = 0.01). Although, POT1 expression was up-regulated in RCC tissue, however it was not statistically significant. Also, POT1 expression was not related to grades, stages and subtypes of RCC. This is the first study which shows correlation RAP1 with grades and subtypes of RCC.  相似文献   

8.
HIV infects cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages resulting in decreased number and function of CD4 cells, changes that affect both cell mediated and humoral immunity. Hematological abnormalities are a common complication of human immune virus (HIV) infection and these abnormalities increase as the disease advances. Anemia is the most common haematological abnormality in HIV seropositive patients and its incidence is strongly associated with the progression of the disease. The aim of present study was to assess the haematological profile of HIV seropositive women and compare them with CD4 count. Two hundred seropositive females (age 18–25 years) attending antiretroviral therapy clinic were selected. Routine gynaecological and haematological investigations were carried out, study samples were drawn and serum iron, folate and ferritin were analysed by chemiluminiscence and CD4 count was determined by using flow-cytometry. Anemia was prevalent in seropositive women especially in those with low CD4 levels. Serum folate and ferritin levels were significantly lower in females with lower CD4 levels. Serum iron levels were higher at low CD4 levels. The mean CD4 count in HIV seropositive anaemic women were lower as compared to non anaemics suggesting that anaemia improves with higher CD4 cell counts. Plasma folate and ferritin levels are sensitive predictor of anaemia in early HIV infections and these patients should have a regular monitoring of their folate and ferritin levels especially with lower CD4 levels.  相似文献   

9.
采用ＰＳＭＴＥ７作为质粒,进行ＨＩＶ－１ｅｎｖ基因对ＣＤ４阳性单核细胞Ｕ９３７－２的导入与表达,ｅｎｖ基因导入细胞在微量重金属镉的诱导下,激活妄动子表达ｇｐ１２０及ｇｐ１６０经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ转移显色后,可得清晰的ｅｎｖ目的的条带,此外,充式细胞仪对表达的ｇｐ１２０与ＣＤ４位点的结合作了分析,验证了该表达蛋白的结构与活性,从实验系可以观察到的表达ｇｐ１６０的ＣＤ４细胞株由于表达ｇｐ１６０而引  相似文献   

10.
It is well known that chronic exposure of lead leads to adverse health effects. Workers for plastic industry are generally exposed to high concentration of lead as fume, dust, and additive that protect PVC. This study was done on them to find out the detrimental effects of chronic lead exposure on hepatic and hematological toxicity. Blood and 24 h urine sample was collected from 47 plastic industry workers and matched against 42 controls for various parameters. The study group shows significant increase in blood (p < 0.0001) and urinary level of lead (p < 0.0001). Hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.0001), and the liver enzymes like ALP, ALT, AST and y-GT were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in all cases exposed for >10 years. Serum lipid peroxide by quantitative assay of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was also found increased in the study group (p < 0.0001). The observations point towards the acute health risk faced by plastic industry workers, in whom chronic exposure to lead increases the absorption and accumulation, over a period of time, of this highly toxic element in their body. This increases oxidative stress, causes metabolic damage to RBC and cell membranes, and also suggests necrosis of liver cell, hepatocellular injury and presence of space occupying lesions. Considering the data immediate health and hygiene monitoring and proper rehabilitation for the suffering population seem to be of paramount need in plastic industry to minimize occupational hazards.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are less studied especially on neonates. This study evaluates the clinical and biochemical effects in neonates exposed to ETS during pregnancy. Two hundred pregnant women asked to complete the questioners about their ETS. Ninety from them were enrolled in biochemical assays as two groups according to ETS. The cotinine level determined in saliva and serum of mothers to confirm their tobacco exposure. The routine tracheal suction from the fetus was used to determine the level of neuron specific enolase (NSE), soluble E-cadherin, sApo-1/Fas, nitric oxide (NO) and cotinine. In clinical assessment, the percent of full term babies in non-exposed group (72 %) are higher compared to exposed group (67 %). Apgar score at the first min, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and morbidity during the first month shows statistical significance increase in exposed compared to non-exposed group (p = 0.03, 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The new born weight in exposed group significantly decreased compared to non-exposed group (2,850 g ± 3.74 vs 2,967.67 g ± 3.34; p = 0.02). In biochemical assessment, NSE and sE-cadherin significantly increased, while NO significantly decreased (p = 0.000) in exposed compared to non-exposed group. There is a positive correlation between level of cotinine and both NSE, sE-cadherin (r = 0.7, 0.9; p = 0.000, 0.006, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study link between prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and biochemical parameters measured in tracheal suction. PTE will lead to decrease in birth weight most probably by decreasing NO, sFas, and increasing sE-cadherin. While, increased morbidity of neonates in the exposed group could be attributed to cessation of breast feeding and its complication and increased NSE in the studied markers.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
HIV infection is associated with lipid abnormalities in treatment naïve patients. CD4 count is used for monitoring the HIV infection. Primary objective was to evaluate and correlate lipid profile and CD4 counts in HIV infection. Secondary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using Lipid profile to monitor the HIV infected treatment naïve patients instead of CD4 counts. 112 patients were selected based on a criteria from ART center in tertiary care center. CD4 counts were assessed and Lipid profile was evaluated enzymatically. A correlation study was done between the lipid profile and the CD4 count and clinical stages of infection. Cholesterol showed no significant correlation in any stage. HDL-C showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) with stage 2 and 4 disease. LDL-C showed no significant correlation in any stage. TGL showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) at stage 4 disease. Hence, HDL-C and TGL can be used as indicators of lipid status and for infection progression in treatment naive HIV patients, while Cholesterol and LDL-C has no role to play.  相似文献   

15.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) on inflammatory markers, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), level of glycoprotein and the mast cell population in 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) 25 mg/kg b.wt. induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. After 8 weeks of tumor formation, rats had access to an oral administrated with DIM 10 mg/kg b.wt. and DIM@CS-NP 0.5 mg/kg body weight respectively for 8 weeks. The oral administration of DIM@CS-NP 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. suppressed the Cox-2, NF-κB and TNF-α protein expression on DMBA induced rats compared to DIM 10 mg/kg b.wt. The ER/PR levels were increased on DMBA induced rats, treated with DIM@CS-NP 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. reduced ER/PR level as well as glycoprotein and mast cell population than DIM 10 mg/kg b.wt. The result shows that, DIM@CS-NP 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. has the potentially inhibit abnormal levels of inflammatory markers, ER, PR, levels of glycoprotein and mast cell population compared to DIM 10 mg/kg b.wt.  相似文献   

16.
Traditionally small intestinal biopsy has been considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). But now data has shown that serological markers like anti-tissue-transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) can be used to make the diagnosis with great sensitivity and specificity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether patients with high probability of CD and high titre of tTGA, have a high probability of intestinal damage and may not require biopsy for final diagnosis. All the cases with tTGA levels ≥15 IU/ml and who subsequently underwent biopsy from July 2010 to June 2013 were selected. Histopathological findings graded as per Marsh classification were correlated with serum tTGA levels. Grade 3 lesions were considered diagnostic for the disease. Out of total 731 patients 470 had serum tTGA levels >100 IU/ml and 261 patients had <100 IU/ml. Highest levels of tTGA (219.3 IU/ml) were seen in grade 3c which was >12 times the normal cutoff value. Mean serum tTGA in higher histological grade i.e. 3 (3a, 3b, 3c) was 186.7 IU/ml (>12 times the normal cut off value) as compared to grade 1 which was 108.9 IU/ml (>7 times the normal cut off value). Using a tTGA cutoff value of 70 IU/ml, sensitivity was found to be 83.9% while specificity was 56.10% with an overall accuracy of 77.7%. This study confirms that a small intestinal biopsy is not always necessary for the diagnosis of CD in symptomatic patients with high tTGA levels (>70 IU/ml).  相似文献   

17.
Chemokine are small, inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in many biological processes, such as migration of leukocytes, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Chemokine are also known to influence tumor cell’s activity. Specifically, tumor cells express chemokine receptors in a non random manner suggesting a role of chemokine in metastatic destination of tumor cells. The present study was conducted to determine distribution of (Chemokine receptor 2) CCR2 V64I, Chemokine ligand 2 CCL2 I/D, and CCL2 2518 A>G gene polymorphisms in North Indian population and compare with different populations globally. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis was conducted in 200 normal healthy individuals of similar ethnicity. Allelic frequencies in wild type (GG) of CCR2 V64I G>A were 63 % G; CCL2 I/D 42 % II; CCL2 2518 A>G 40.5 % A. The minor variant allele frequency in our population was as follows: 19.5 % for CCR2 V64I, 35.5 % for CCL2 I/D, 35.3 % for CCL2 2518 A>G. We further compared frequency distribution for these genes with various published studies in different ethnicity. Our results suggested that frequency in chemokine genes exhibit distinctive pattern in India that could be attributed to ethnicity variation. This could assist in high-risk screening of human exposed to environmental carcinogens and cancer predisposition in different ethnic groups. Thus, they signify an impact of ethnicity and provide a basis for future epidemiological and clinical studies.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of SP100B in mouse models with acute cerebral hemorrhage. Mouse models of cerebral hemorrhage were induced using injection of collagenase into the brain. The serum levels of SP100B were detected by ELISA. The expression of SP100B in the hippocampus and other brain tissue were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique. The mean concentration of serum SP100B was significantly higher in hemorrhage group (0.85 μg/l) than in control group (0.20 μg/l) (P = 0.0017). More importantly, the mean value of serum SP100B in both moderate hemorrhage (0.96 μg/l) and severe hemorrhage (1.21 μg/l) had significantly higher compared to hyporrhea group (0.39 μg/l) (P = 0.0041 and P = 0.0009, respectively). The expression of SP100B also increased in the hippocampus with severe hemorrhage. Additionally, the expression of SP100B was high in the early stage of hemorrhage. SP100B expression was positively related to the severity of hemorrhage in mouse models of cerebral hemorrhage. Serum SP100B might be a noninvasive biomarker for cerebral hemorrhage.  相似文献   

19.
Hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) may alter organ perfusion by interfering blood flow to the tissues. Therefore, in infants with hsPDA, hypoxia occurs in many tissues. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic significance of serum (ischemia-modified albumin) IMA levels as a screening tool for hsPDA, and its relation to the severity of the disease in the preterm neonates. For this purpose, seventy-two premature infants with gestation age <34 weeks were included in the study. Thirty premature infants with hsPDA were assigned as the study group and 42 premature infants without PDA were determined as the control group. Blood samples were collected before the treatment and 24 h after the treatment, and analyzed for IMA levels. IMA levels in the study group (1.26 ± 0.36 ABSU) were found to be significantly higher than control group (0.65 ± 0.12 ABSU) (p < 0.05). In infants with hsPDA, a positive correlation was found between IMA and PDA diameter (ρ = 0.876, p = 0.022), and LA/Ao ratio (ρ = 0.863, p = 0.014). The cut-off value of IMA for hsPDA was measured as 0.78 ABSU with 88.89 % sensitivity, and 90.24 % specificity, 85.71 % positive predictive, 92.5 % negative predictive value [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96; p < 0.001]. The mean IMA value of the infants with hsPDA before treatment was 1.26 ± 0.36 ABSU, and the mean IMA value of infants after medical treatment was 0.67 ± 0.27 ABSU (p = 0.03). We concluded that IMA can be used as a marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of a successful treatment of hsPDA.  相似文献   

20.
In this work, we conduct a computational study on the loading of cryoprotective agents into cells in preparation for cryopreservation. The advantages of microfluidics in cryopreserving cells include control of fluid flow parameters for reliable cryoprotectant loading and reproducible streamlined processing of samples. A 0.25 m long, three inlet T-junction microchannel serves as an idealized environment for this process. The flow field and concentration distribution are determined from a computational fluid dynamics study and cells are tracked as inert particles in a Lagrangian frame. These particles are not confined to streamlines but can migrate laterally due to the Segre-Sildeberg effect for particles in a shear flow. During this tracking, the local concentration field surrounding the cell is monitored. This data are used as input into the Kedem-Katchalsky equations to numerically study passive solute transport across the cell membrane. As a result of the laminar flow, each cell has a unique pathline in the flow field resulting in different residence times and a unique external concentration field along its path. However, in most previous studies, the effect of a spatially varying concentration field on the transport across the cell membrane is ignored. The dynamics of this process are investigated for a population of cells released from the inlet. Using dimensional analysis, we find a governing parameter α, which is the ratio of the time scale for membrane transport to the average residence time in the channel. For α <  = 0.224, cryoprotectant loading is completed to within 5% of the target concentration for all of the cells. However, for α > 0.224, we find the population of cells does not achieve complete loading and there is a distribution of intracellular cryoprotective agent concentration amongst the population. Further increasing α beyond a value of 2 leads to negligible cryoprotectant loading. These simulations on populations of cells may lead to improved microfluidic cryopreservation protocols where more consistent cryoprotective agent loading and freezing can be achieved, thus increasing cell survival.  相似文献   

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