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1.
Pattern recognition development was studied in high and low ability preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade youngsters. Pattern recognition was assessed by the administration of 96 pattern tasks which measured the ability of a youngster to find: (a) duplicate patterns and elements to a model; (b) the opposite pattern to a model; and (c) duplicate patterns but different elements than in the model. Aside from main effects for grade level, ability level, and pattern task, a significant three-way interaction was noted. This interaction was analyzed in terms of its component simple effects. The implication of these simple interaction effects for Piagetian theory and educational practice were discussed. 相似文献
2.
H Tager-Flusberg 《Child development》1985,56(5):1167-1178
The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the representation of substantive word meanings in children with autism. The subjects included 3 groups of autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children, who were matched on verbal mental age. The subjects participated in 2 experiments investigating their comprehension of words for basic level and superordinate level categories. The 3 groups were equivalent in their performance in both experiments. They also showed the same patterns of overextension and underextension errors that were related to a prototype representation of the underlying concepts. These findings suggest that semantic knowledge for concrete objects is represented and organized in similar ways in autistic, retarded, and normal children and that previous findings on cognitive deficits in autistic children are more likely related to their inability to use cognitive representations in an appropriate and flexible manner. 相似文献
3.
D. Michael Malone 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,34(3):215-225
The purpose of this paper is to present data demonstrating the differential pattern of association among play behaviors and
developmental age that emerge for children with and without mental retardation across play situations. Seventeen preschool
children with mental retardation and 17 preschool children without mental retardation were matched on developmental age and
sex and observed during both home-based independent play and classroom-based freeplay. Results are presented for (a) between-group
comparisons of home-based and classroom-based categorical–developmental age and sequential play–developmental age correlational
patterns, (b) between setting comparisons of home-based and classroom-based categorical–developmental age and sequential play–developmental
age correlational patterns within each group, and (c) comparisons of the pattern of categorical play–developmental age and
sequential play–developmental age correlations within both setting and group. Results suggest both group and setting variation
in the play–developmental age correlational patterns. Implications for multi-contextual understanding of children’s play and
the use of play in early childhood assessment are discussed. 相似文献
4.
为探索自闭症幼儿的装扮游戏特点 ,了解其游戏水平低下的相关因素 ,选取了6名平均心理年龄为 2 3个月的自闭症幼儿作为研究对象 ,同时将心理年龄与之匹配的弱智儿童和正常儿童各 6名作为对照组进行了实验研究。以秒为单位对实验结果和过程进行编码分析后所获结果 :自闭症幼儿的装扮游戏水平在三组中最低。分析游戏过程推测其可能原因为 :自闭症幼儿缺乏对游戏本身的兴趣、游戏过程中缺乏与他人经验分享、对玩具功能缺乏正确认知能力。 相似文献
5.
对10-14岁(平均年龄12、13岁)的37名不同智商的弱智儿童的敲击动作速度进行了测定.弱智儿童根据智商不同分为二组一组为轻度智力残疾,智商55-75,平均智商61.3;一组为中度智力残疾,智商38-51,平均智商42.8.实验使用一台BQS-80-Ⅱ型敲击仪进行.被试各测定左、右手一分钟的敲击动作速度.结果表明智商较低的一组弱智儿童(平均智商42.8)左、右手的敲击动作速度均明显较之智商较高的一组弱智儿童(平均智商61.3)为慢,前者只相当于正常7岁儿童水平.无论哪一组弱智儿童,右手敲击速度均快于左手速度.这种情况表明,在弱智儿童中,由于智商的差异,也会对简单的动作速度产生影响. 相似文献
6.
The Role of Age and Verbal Ability in the Theory of Mind Task Performance of Subjects with Autism 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
Francesca G. E. Happé 《Child development》1995,66(3):843-855
A number of studies have reported that most children with autism fail theory of mind tasks. It is unclear why certain children with autism pass such tests and what might be different about these subjects. In the present study, the role of age and verbal ability in theory of mind task performance was explored. Data were pooled from 70 autistic, 34 mentally handicapped, and 70 normal young subjects, previously tested for a number of different studies. The analysis suggested that children with autism required far higher verbal mental age to pass false belief tasks than did other subjects. While normally developing children had a 50% probability of passing both tasks at the verbal mental age of 4 years, autistic subjects took more than twice as long to reach this probability of success (at the advanced verbal mental age of 9-2). Possible causal relations between verbal ability and the ability to represent mental states are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The performance of a sample of moderately mentally retarded children on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) was investigated by comparing their obtained mental age (MA) scores with their Stanford-Binet MAs and Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI) developmental ages (DAs). All three MA estimates correlated significantly, and there were no significant differences among mean MAs. However, valid MSCA Index scores could not be obtained for these moderately retarded children, using the current normative tables. Therefore, the MSCA cannot be recommended for measuring the intellectual level of retarded children for educational classification purposes. 相似文献
8.
中、重度智障儿童生活适应能力的生态化教育模式初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中、重度智力落后儿童的生活适应能力,除了受智力影响外,更与环境产生着交互作用。通过环境影响与教育介入,适应能力是可以得到改善与提高的。学校、家庭、社区是智力落后儿童生活的三个主要生态环境。环境生态课程是弱智教育理想的教育模式。本论文以此课程理论为基础,充分开发学校、家庭和社区的潜能,构建学校、家庭和社区相互支持的生态化教育培养模式,提高智力落后儿童的生活适应能力。 相似文献
9.
Larry E. Greeson 《Psychology in the schools》1986,23(1):82-87
Multiply handicapped mentally retarded and learning disabled preschool children participated in a series of learning tasks designed to clarify task-related effects of modeling-based mental imagery training experiences. A modified single-subject multiple-baseline design was employed with alternating baseline and treatment sessions occurring for tasks involving uncategorized recall, categorized recall, and paired associates learning. Facilitative effects of modeling were found to occur for all learning tasks. Facilitation of learning was most apparent for associative learning and with learning disabled subjects. The findings are discussed in terms of the viability of instructional modeling and mental imagery processes as factors in the education of children with problems in learning, language, and cognition. 相似文献
10.
Sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adults with mental retardation and other handicaps 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
There is growing recognition that children, adolescents, and adults who are mentally retarded are particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation and are in need of intervention services. These people are especially vulnerable due to ther often life-long dependence on caregivers, relatively powerless position in society, emotional and social insecurities, and lack of education regarding sexuality and sexual abuse. In addition the mental health functioning and emotional development of individuals who are mentally retarded are not well understood, and many professionals remain uneducated about their mental health needs. To work effectively with this population, mental health professionals and educators must be alert to what is known about the sexual abuse and exploitation of persons with mental retardation. Furthermore, they need to become educated about the rights of these persons to special legal protection from abuse and neglect and to appropriate and effective mental health interventions. The challenge for mental health professionals and educators is to protect persons who are mentally retarded from sexual abuse and exploitation, to provide appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions when abuse occurs, to respect their right to developmentally appropriate knowledge about sexuality and sexual abuse, and to allow for the fulfillment of their sexuality. 相似文献
11.
Elizabeth Martin Antley 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):21-27
The Kounin (4) concept-switching task was administered to groups of institutionalized mentally retarded, non-institutionalized mentally retarded, lower-class normal, and middle-class normal children matched on MA. The concept switching task was administered under three different reward conditions: promise of reward, low tangible reward, and high tangible reward. Differences in performance between groups was tested by means of a 3 x 4 analysis of variance. F tests yielded no significant differences at the . 05 level. The study failed to confirm either Kounin’s concept of rigidity or Zigler’s deprivation motivational hypothesis. Possible reasons for lack of confirmation are discussed. 相似文献
12.
将智力障碍儿童安置在普通学校中 ,使他们接受合适的教育 ,是一个目前正在探索和迫切需要解决的问题。杭州市萧山区分别从智力障碍儿童在普通学校学习的学制问题与教学组织形式问题、智力障碍儿童教育实施中如何进行有效的资源优化整合问题、智力障碍儿童教学的校本教材确定与教学以及智力障碍儿童教育中教学方法改进四个方面突破 ,形成了多元化的随班就读教育模式 ,不仅为该区特殊教育事业的发展开拓了道路 ,而且也为我国其他地区特殊教育事业的发展提供了借鉴。 相似文献
13.
为了解我国智力障碍者职业教育领域的研究热点,把握发展趋势,使用BICOMB 2软件和SPSS 25软件,对来自CNKI的108篇有关智力障碍者职业教育的有效文献进行计量可视化分析,绘制出了国内智力障碍者职业教育研究热点知识图谱,以呈现研究热点和发展趋势。从中可以看出,我国智力障碍者职业教育研究热点主要集中在培智学校在校生的职业教育、就业、职业技能、职业教育课程、支持性职业模式等方面。研究热点领域呈现出四大发展趋势:日益重视支持性就业和支持式职业教育模式;培智职高日渐重视校本课程的开发与设置;智力障碍者职业教育更加重视理论支持;智力障碍职业高中支持体系逐渐受到重视。 相似文献
14.
本文将弱智学校一至六年级,智龄3～6岁的中重度弱智儿童数概念 发展水平,与相同智龄正常儿童进行比较。结果表明:智龄3～6岁中重度弱 智儿童数概念发展水平与相同智龄正常儿童无显著性差异。智力年龄决定 中重度弱智儿童数概念的学习能力。建议中重度弱智儿童数概念教育,按学 生的智龄水平确定教育内容。 相似文献
15.
通过对一例智力障碍儿童信息技术学习的个案研究,探讨如何根据智力障碍儿童特点进行信息技术学习,帮助她获得适应参与信息化社会的能力。研究主要包括对儿童的障碍进行全面的原因分析,通过不同方法和手段的综合使用对智力障碍儿童进行有效的信息技术学习。主要采用的方法和手段有心理疏导法、小步子程序教学法、多重复、多鼓励训练法等。结果表明,从实际出发,制定切实可行的教育训练计划,并辅以多种适宜的方法,进行个别训练,让被训练者感受成功、树立自信、力争自立,从而真正地去减轻社会、家庭等负担。 相似文献
16.
Chen Yunying research fellow tutor of doctoral candidates at China National Institute for Educational Research 《教育研究》2007,(11)
培智教育是我国特殊教育的重要组成部分。通过调查显示,目前我国培智教育学校办学形式多样但规模较小,招生出现多种类型残疾学生同在一所学校的情况。培智教育学校的办学困难既有办学条件方面的也有家庭经济状况的因素。发展培智学校教育有利于教育体制与体系的现代化,因此,应对培智教育学校性质进行界定,进一步完善我国的相关法规和政策;加强对培智教育学校的支持、管理与督导,提高培智教育的规模效益,提高教育管理者依法治教的意识及对培智教育的认识;重视对培智学校义务教育新课程的研究,加强对培智教育本质问题的探讨,以逐步构建培智教育的理论,推动我国特殊教育事业的发展。 相似文献
17.
Merrill S. Jackson Allan T. Haines 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1983,30(3):230-232
This study examined the responses to Kagan's Reflectivity‐Impulsivity test (and its relevance to temptation to steal dilemmas) of mentally retarded and non‐retarded subjects matched for both MA and CA and for sex. Retarded subjects were less reflective than non‐retarded children when matched on the basis of CA but showed no difference when matched on the basis of MA, confirming findings by Borys and Spitz (1978). 相似文献
18.
Neurocognitive function and joint attention ability in young children with autism spectrum disorder versus developmental delay 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dawson G Munson J Estes A Osterling J McPartland J Toth K Carver L Abbott R 《Child development》2002,73(2):345-358
Studies have shown that young children with autism are not impaired on prefrontal tasks relative to what would be expected for their mental age, raising questions about the executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism. These studies did not include ventromedial prefrontal tasks, however. The present study examined whether young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are impaired on ventromedial prefrontal tasks, and whether performance on such tasks is correlated with a core autism symptom, joint attention ability. Seventy-two 3- to 4-year-old children with ASD, 34 3- to 4-year-old developmentally delayed children, and 39 12- to 46-month-old typically developing children, matched on mental age, were administered ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal tasks and joint attention tasks. Children with ASD performed similarly to comparison groups on all executive function tasks, indicating that at this early age, there is no autism-specific pattern of executive dysfunction. Ventromedial, but not dorsolateral, prefrontal task performance was strongly correlated with joint attention ability, however. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is hypothesized to play a role in the development of joint attention and possibly some aspects of the autistic syndrome. 相似文献
19.
20.
夏珍珍 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2009,31(5):42-45
以智力落后儿童为表现对象的儿童文学作品,从生活入手,抓住了智力落后儿童的心理发展特性,用质朴的语言与巧妙的构思塑造出一系列稚拙、纯真的“智力落后儿童”形象。通过张扬智力落后儿童形象内部自然天真的童心的艺术手法,作者流露出了对其身上留存的稚拙与纯真的欣赏,并呈现出对纯净生命的善意。 相似文献