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1.
英语句法意识与英语阅读理解监控的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究探查了初二学生的英语句法意识与英语阅读理解监控的关系。被试为武汉市一所普通中学的初二学生,实验任务包括两个：一个是句法错误句子更正任务,用来测查被试的英语句法意识水平;另一个任务是英语阅读理解及监控任务,被试阅读三篇包含错误的短文,完成短文后的阅读理解题,并对阅读理解题答案的正确性进行自信度评定,然后指出并修改短文中的错误。结果发现,英语句法意识、阅读理解、阅读理解自信度和错误觉察数量之间两两相关非常显著;英语句法意识高低两组被试在阅读理解、阅读理解自信度以及错误觉察得分差异都非常显著。这些结果表明,英语句法意识可能是影响英语阅读理解监控的一个重要变量。 相似文献
2.
吴师伟 《咸阳师范学院学报》2012,27(4):102-105
通过系列实验,对比小学生的汉语和英语语音意识、句法意识与语篇阅读的关系,发现汉语句法意识是汉语语篇阅读水平的显著预测指标,英语句法意识是英语语篇阅读水平的显著预测指标。通过实验研究发现,虽然语音意识对双语的语篇阅读也有独立的预测作用,但是句法意识对阅读的预测能力更为显著。 相似文献
3.
关锋 《辽宁师专学报(社会科学版)》2007,(1):75-76
本文通过对元语言意识对学生的英语阅读影响机制进行了探讨。结果表明,虽然语音意识、句法意识都是独立的元语言技能,但语音意识对阅读理解不具有预测作用,句法意识对阅读理解的预测作用主要是通过其对理解能力的作用实现的。 相似文献
4.
徐莹 《外语教学理论与实践》2021,173(1):101
根据语音意识层级结构理论,对大学一年级学生进行为期８ 周的英语语音意识干预,通过对语音意识听辨测试和单词认读能力测试结果的对比统计分析,发现实验组在英语语音意识水平和单词认读能力方面均得到显著提高。干预后,实验组与控制组的英语语音意识水平出现显著差异。研究证明,结构化语音意识干预可以有效提高大学生的英语语音意识水平和单词认读能力,学习者不应迷信所谓“临界期假说”。 相似文献
5.
王飞凤 《金华职业技术学院学报》2010,10(1):26-30
对初二学生英语语音意识的发展状况及与阅读能力之间的关系调查研究表明。初二学生的英语语音意识与其阅读能力有显著性相关;语音意识是阅读能力较好的预测指标;初二学生在英语语音意识的三项任务上表现显著的差异,韵脚意识好于音节意识,后者又好于音位意识。 相似文献
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7.
中国学生的英语语音意识探微 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
语音意识是元语言知识，不是只限于听和说层面上的语音，它是在句子、短语和单词层面上的语音意识。良好的语音意识有助于听说读写技能的全面提高。在西方人们已经对语音意识表现出了极大的关注，相比之下，中国学生对英语语音意识还有待于增强。拟从三方面概述英语语音意识．以期引起人们对它足够的重视。 相似文献
8.
文章通过探讨英语专业本科新生语音意识和阅读能力之间的相关性,研究大学生提高阅读能力的过程中遇到的问题,并从语音教学的角度提出利用自然拼读法增强学生英语语音意识,减轻学习负担,迅速扩大词汇量的方法。本科新生英语语音不准和语音意识薄弱问题会导致其单词记忆困难和阅读效果不理想,而大学阶段的英语阅读量大、知识内容覆盖面广、专业词汇丰富的特点使学生必须尽快解决这些难题。自然拼读法教学能够帮助学生培养和增强语音意识,进而有效地提高学生的阅读能力,是行之有效的教学方法。 相似文献
9.
工作记忆在句法歧义消解中起着重要作用,句法歧义消解的理论争议涉及工作记忆在句子理解中的作用.研究句法消解问题时工作记忆的测量有两种方法:阅读广度任务法和"扇形程序".句法消解问题的脑功能研究发现,工作记忆能力的差异会影响对句子的加工:工作记忆能力强的人采用序列加工策略,而工作记忆能力差的人采用并行加工策略.歧义区间、加工策略、年龄等因素是工作记忆在句法歧义消解中的主要影响因素.在解决句法歧义消解问题的过程中,工作记忆的大脑激活主要涉及颞叶左后外侧、额叶左后回内侧和两侧视觉皮质等区域.在今后的研究中,首先应注意解决"在线"和"离线"不同实验范式造成的问题;同时应当更多地开展跨语言方面的研究,特别是应着重探讨中国人加工英语歧义句以及汉语句法表征和英语句法表征之间的关系问题. 相似文献
10.
语音意识与阅读理解,单词拼写及记忆等方面有着极为密切的联系。利用语音意识进行语言学习已成为普遍认同的理论。该文在简单回顾了国内外语音意识发展的历史后,详细阐述了语音意识测试的步骤及方法,指出只有在对英语学习者语音意识进行有效的评估后,才能对症下药,培养他们的语音意识;同时指出语音意识的发展是一个渐进式发展的过程,英语教育教学工作者只有根据其规律,灵活施教,才能起到事倍功半的效果。 相似文献
11.
Reading,syntactic, and working memory skills of bilingual Portuguese-English Canadian children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of the study was to examine the nature of language, memory, and reading skills of bilingual students and to determine the relationship between reading problems in English and reading problems in Portuguese. The study assessed the reading, language, and memory skills of 37 bilingual Portuguese-Canadian children, aged 9–12 years. English was their main instructional language and Portuguese was the language spoken at home. All children attended a Heritage Language Program at school where they were taught to read and write Portuguese. The children were administered word and pseudoword reading, language, and working memory tasks in English and Portuguese. The majority of the children (67%) showed at least average proficiency in both languages. The children who had low reading scores in English also had significantly lower scores on the Portuguese tasks. There was a significant relationship between the acquisition of word and pseudoword reading, working memory, and syntactic awareness skills in the two languages. The Portuguese-Canadian children who were normally achieving readers did not differ from a comparison group of monolingual English speaking normally achieving readers except that the bilingual children had significantly lower scores on the English syntactic awareness task. The bilingual reading disabled children had similar scores to the monolingual reading disabled children on word reading and working memory but lower scores on the syntactic awareness task. However, the bilingual reading disabled children had significantlyhigher scores than the monolingual English speaking reading disabled children on the English pseudoword reading test and the English spelling task, perhaps reflecting a positive transfer from the more regular grapheme phoneme conversion rules of Portuguese. In this case, bilingualism does not appear to have negative consequences for the development of reading skills. In both English and Portuguese, reading difficulties appear to be strongly related to deficits in phonological processing. 相似文献
12.
从语音意识的概念入手,明晰了语音意识的内涵。通过回顾国内外相关研究,表明语音意识和英语阅读能力间存在显著正相关关系,文章阐释了语音意识作用于阅读的原因。研究表明,重视语音意识,采取科学的方法对语音意识进行训练是提高大学英语阅读能力的新的有效途径。本文提出了具体的提高语音意识的教学方法。 相似文献
13.
Whereas many studies point to a positive relationship between phonological skills and reading in English, little is known about these relationships for children learning to read in a morphemic orthography such as Chinese. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among reading ability, phonological, semantic and syntactic skills in Chinese. The participants were 196 grade 1 to grade 4 Chinese children in Hong Kong. A word recognition task in Chinese was developed and children who scored in the lowest quartile were classified as poor readers. The children were administered phonological tasks (tone and rhyming discrimination), semantic tasks (choosing similar words and sentences meanings), a syntactic task (oral cloze), and a working memory task. The results showed that word recognition was highly correlated with phonological skills and semantic processing, and was only moderately related to syntactic knowledge and working memory. Poor readers showed a significant lag in the development of these skills with the most significant problems at the phonological and semantic levels. Phonological skills are important to the acquisition of reading skills in both Chinese and English. 相似文献
14.
Reading comprehension is a multi-dimensional process that includes the reader, the text, and factors associated with the activity of reading. Most research and theories of comprehension are based primarily on research conducted with monolingual English speakers (L1). The present study was designed to investigate the cognitive and linguistic factors that have an influence on reading comprehension in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) speakers. The cognitive aspects of reading comprehension among L1 speakers and ESL speakers in the seventh grade were investigated. The performance of both groups was compared and the role of some relevant processes, including word reading, word reading fluency, phonological awareness, working memory, and morphological and syntactic awareness were assessed. Within this sample, three groups were examined: (1) children with poor comprehension (PC) in the absence of word reading difficulties (2) children with poor word reading and poor comprehension (poor readers, PR) (3) and children with both good word reading and comprehension abilities (good comprehenders, GC). The results demonstrated that a variety of cognitive processes, such as working memory and phonological, syntactic, and morphological awareness are important for reading comprehension and compromised in poor comprehenders. The GC group performed better than the PC group on all of the cognitive measures, indicating that comprehension depends on a variety of phonological, memory and linguistic processes and that adequate word recognition skill are important for reading comprehension. The prevalence of the ESL and L1 students was similar across the three reading groups. The ESL and L1 students demonstrated similar performance, indicating that the skills underlying reading comprehension are similar in the ESL and L1 students. This study demonstrated that ESL students are capable of developing word reading and reading comprehension skills that are as strong as those of their L1 peers. 相似文献
15.
L S Siegel 《Journal of learning disabilities》1992,25(10):618-629
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with dyslexia, that is, children whose reading levels were significantly lower than would be predicted by their IQ scores, constituted a distinctive group when compared with poor readers, that is, children whose reading scores were consistent with their IQ scores. The performance of children with dyslexia, poor readers, and normally achieving readers was compared on a variety of reading, spelling, phonological processing, language, and memory tasks. Although the children with dyslexia had significantly higher IQ scores than the poor readers, these two groups did not differ in their performance on reading, spelling, phonological processing, or most of the language and memory tasks. In all cases, the performance of both reading disabled groups was significantly below that of nondisabled readers. The findings were similar whether absolute difference or regression scores were used. Reading disabled children, whether or not their reading is significantly below the level predicted by their IQ scores, experience significant problems in phonological processing, short-term and working memory, and syntactic awareness. On the basis of these data, there does not seem to be a need to differentiate between individuals with dyslexia and poor readers. Both of these groups are reading disabled and have deficits in phonological processing, verbal memory, and syntactic awareness. 相似文献
16.
The present study examined factors that influence the process of learning to read in a second language. The Hebrew reading
comprehension skills of 68 Russian-speaking children (mean age 7 years 6 months) were screened at the start of Grade 2. From
this sample, 40 participants were selected: 20 successful learners and 20 unsuccessful learners. These two groups were then
tested on a wide range of language skills (e.g., phonological processing, vocabulary, syntactic and morphological awareness)
in both languages (Hebrew and Russian) and reading skills in Hebrew (e.g., reading speed and accuracy).
Two factors, level of spoken Hebrew and phonological awareness deficits in both languages, were significant. Phonological
awareness difficulties constituted the key factor associated with poor decoding whereas insufficient mastery of spoken Hebrew
was important in the case of reading comprehension. An interesting dissociation was also found in our poor readers between
impaired phonological awareness and other unimpaired phonological processing abilities such as oral pseudoword repetition
and working memory. These findings suggest that, in addition to poor spoken L2 proficiency, poor readers are characterized
more by a metalinguistic rather than a linguistic deficit in their native tongue. 相似文献
17.
One goal of this longitudinal study was to examine whether the predictors of reading skills in Grade 3 would differ between English as a second language (ESL) students and native English-speaking (L1) students. Phonological processing, syntactic awareness, memory, spelling, word reading, and lexical access skills were assessed in kindergarten and in Grade 3. The results indicated that in kindergarten, the ESL group had significantly lower scores on phonological processing, syntactic awareness, spelling, and memory for sentences tasks. However, in Grade 3, the ESL group performed in a similar way to the L1 group except on the syntactic awareness task. The combination of the two kindergarten measures, memory for sentences and Oral Cloze, and the combination of phonological processing and letter identification all contributed equally to predicting the L1 students' word-reading skills. However, for ESL students, letter identification and phonological processing made much larger contributions to predicting Grade 3 reading ability. Another goal of this study was to assess the procedures used to identify reading disability in the ESL and L1 student sample. Performance on two measures—letter identification and phonological awareness in kindergarten—predicted whether students would be classified in Grade 3 as at risk or having typical reading development for the ESL and L1 groups. The ESL children developed strong reading skills, and their status as ESL speakers did not put them at risk for reading difficulties in Grade 3. ESL students were not at any particular risk for reading difficulties after 4 years in Canadian schooling with an adequate balanced literacy program. 相似文献
18.
This study investigated the influence of cognitive and linguistic skills on the reading comprehension performance of a group
of learners from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The study also compared the reading comprehension performance of grade 4
children who entered kindergarten with little or no experience with English (ESL) to that of a group of native English speakers.
Examiners administered various tasks of reading, language, and memory to the children in the study (n=480). The sample included three comprehension groups: (1) children with poor comprehension in the absence of word reading
difficulties (Poor Comprehenders; PC), (2) children with poor word reading and poor comprehension (Poor word Recognition and
comprehenders; PR), and (3) children with good word reading and comprehension abilities (Good Comprehenders; GC). Due to the
small sample size of PR reader group, no comparative analyses were conducted. However, the results indicated that within the
GC and PC groups there were no differences between the ESL and L1 children on measures of reading and phonological processing.
Further, within the GC and PC groups, on measures of syntactic awareness and verbal working memory, the ESL speakers performed
at significantly lower levels than the L1 speakers. 相似文献
19.
This paper describes a 2-year longitudinal study of 76 initially prereading children. The study examined the relationships between phonological awareness (measured by tests of onset and rime, phonemic segmentation and phoneme deletion), verbal working memory and the development of reading and spelling. Factor analyses showed that the verbal working memory tests which were administered loaded on two distinct but highly related factors, the first of which,simple repetition, involved the repetition of verbal items exactly as spoken by the experimenter, whereas the second,backwards repetition, involved repetition of items in reverse order. Factor analyses also showed that, whist the phonological awareness variables consistently loaded on the backwards repetition factor at the beginning and end of Grade 1, by Grade 2 the phonological awareness variables loaded on a separate factor which also included sentence repetition. Results of multiple regression analyses, with reading and spelling as a compound criterion variable, indicated that phonological awareness consistently predicted later reading and spelling even when both simple and backwards repetition were controlled. In contrast, verbal working memory did not consistently predict reading and spelling across testing times. Whilst there was some indication that verbal working memory, especially backwards repetition, measured during Grade 1 did predict reading and spelling in Grade 2, these effects were no longer evident when all three phonological variables were controlled. Nevertheless, with 4 individual reading and 2 individual spelling measures as the criterion variables, it was shown that phonological awareness was not quite such a consistent predictor of reading and spelling: it was most highly related to reading pseudowords and spelling real words; but it was not so highly related to spelling pseudowords, apparently because the processing demands of the task for the young children in the study were extremely high. Given the importance of verbal working memory for the completion of phonological awareness, reading and spelling tasks, in particular for spelling pseudowords, the findings are interpreted as providing some support for a theoretical position which posits that both phonological awareness and verbal working memory contribute to the early stages of literacy acquisition. Whilst the findings suggest some support for a general underlying phonological ability, there is also evidence that, as children learn to read and write, verbal working memory and phonological awareness become more differentiated. 相似文献
20.
本研究旨在实验研究探讨汉语（第一语言）的语音意识和成人英语（第二语言）的听、说能力之间的关系。实验任务为汉语语音意识测量和英语假词快速朗读。其中汉语语音意识的测量包括4个维度：听觉声母意识、听觉韵母意识、听觉声调意识以及视觉音节意识。实验结果显示汉语的声母意识、韵母意识和音节意识分别对英语口语、英语听力和英语语音加工能力有一定的预测作用。这说明汉语的语音意识迁移到英语中并对英语的听说能力发展起着相当重要的作用。 相似文献