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The article analyses relations between changing notions of sports and social stratification in sport activities. Current empirical research indicates an increased participation of formerly underrepresented groups, especially women and older people. However, the results of a study show that this is not the case in the traditional contest-orientated model of sports which is still structured by typical differences of age and gender. Furthermore, the traditional notion of sports as a contest is especially pronounced in the less active, lower social strata. A polarity between a rather open “sport for all” and a partly exclusive, traditional, contest-orientated model of sports becomes apparent. As a consequence, research on social stratification in sports should focus on qualitative differences in sports activity. 相似文献
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Christiane Lösch Nico Nitzsche Christian Maiwald Daniel Zschäbitz Martin Weigert Henry Schulz 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):428-437
In the context of strength training in rehabilitation, visual movement control can be helpful to ensure correct movements. However, there are only a few studies that deal with the effectiveness of feedback during resistance exercises. To investigate the effect of feedback during guided exercise, 18 young adults (28.8?±?5.5 years) and 12 senior citizens (67.9?±?4.1 years) were tested. Subjects performed shoulder press exercises (3 sets, 15 repetitions) with and without visual movement control in a randomized order. On day 1, the subjects trained without load, and on day 2 they trained at 50% of their single repetition maximum. Joint articulation at the elbow was recorded using elbow extension and flexion. Autocorrelation was used to determine the reproducibility of movements. Subjects achieved better reproducibility of the movement with feedback than without (χ2?=?19.73; p?<?0.001). There was no effect of the load on motion accuracy (p?>?0.05), but the age group showed a significant effect (χ2?=?6.00; p?=?0.014). The younger group shows a higher degree of movement accuracy. In summary, visual movement control is useful in guided exercises to control movement execution. In clinical setting, this may be a way to control the motion performance of guided strength exercises and to ensure purposeful muscle work. Further studies should clarify the effect of visual feedback on the movement quality in unguided strength exercises. 相似文献
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The limited findings on student perceptions of class climate in physical education (PE) classes can be attributed to the lack of a suitable measuring instrument. In an effort to overcome this research desideratum, this study aims to construct and develop a questionnaire measuring the students’ perceptions of class climate in PE classes. Therefore, findings from general class climate research (e.g. Saldern & Litig, 1987) are linked with qualitative findings of students’ perceptions in PE classes (Miethling & Krieger, 2004). The questionnaire was answered by 1,135 students from grades eight through ten attending a German secondary school (Gymnasium). A principal component analysis (PCA) with orthogonal rotation (varimax) gives an eight-component solution including 40 items. Regarding the PCA, class climate can be measured by two components pertaining solely to teachers, three components describing the teacher-student relationship and three components describing the student-student relationship. The criterion-related validity is satisfactory at the class level; 57% of variance of the criterion enjoyment in PE class can be explained. Deeper analyses show noticeable class climate characteristics in individual schools. Finally, further developments of the questionnaire and perspectives regarding school climate and academic culture research are discussed. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Aloys Prinz 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(2):124-136
The intention of this contribution is to show that training and doping in competitive sports may be considered as two implementations of economic paradoxes of concurrence. They are based on the interaction of the gladiator principle and a tribune effect. According to this terminology, training is related to the classical paradox whereas doping is related to Marx’s paradox (Stützel, 1979, Paradoxa der Geld- und Konkurrenzwirtschaft. Aalen: Scientia; Grass & Stützel, 1983, Volkswirtschaftslehre. München: Vahlen). In the paper, against this background, training and doping in elite sports are evaluated concerning their efficiency and fairness. As a result highly commercialized elite sports with an extreme win orientation turns out to be problematic. 相似文献
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Alexander Priebe 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(4):573-581
“Flying,” said curator Ernst von Hülsen in 1936, “needs to become a matter for the whole German people and the universities must go ahead in action.” Together with Peter Jaeck, the director of the Institute for Physical Education, he expanded Marburg to one of the leading German universities in gliding. The special development in Marburg, such as the gliding training of gymnastic teachers and the aviation-related research of other university institutes, is presented within the background of the general gliding development during the period of National Socialism. 相似文献
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Dr. Andreas Schreiber Ph.D. 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(2):137-142
Uncovering new doping scandals does not take an end. The exclamation against this practice of the contest distortion becomes ever louder. The anti-doping wave is about to loom up itself to a tsunami. But why? And against what actually? Doping belongs to the modern occidental culture and philosophy history like space flights and the human enhancement. Doping is the expression of our nihilistic postmodernism. The deregulation and legalization of doping would thus correspond to our historical development rather than its prohibition. And a closer look at the anti-doping wave reveals it as a mere symptom of the prevailing nihilism. The question remains whether we achieve an appropriate “Verwindung” (tortion) of the nihilism rather with or without doping. 相似文献
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Martin-Peter Büch Heiner Schumann Georg Anders Dietrich Hartmann 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(2):157-158
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Informationen des Bundesinstituts für Sportwissenschaft (BISp) 相似文献17.
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Martin-Peter Büch Heiner Schumann Georg Anders Dietrich Hartmann 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(3):255-256
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《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(2):162-165