共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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徐磊华 《中国科教创新导刊》2010,(25):103-103,105
本文通过对热力学能的性质,热力学第二定律的克劳休斯说法和开尔文说法等同性以及卡诺定理的证明,探讨了反证法在物理化学教学中的应用。 相似文献
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熵和热力学第二定律实质的理解对正确掌握热力学第二定律举足轻重。教学中,采用脉络法的教学方式,引导学生积极思考,紧抓热力学第二定律核心问题作为教学主线,结合问答法,不断提出问题,解决问题,循序渐进,最终清晰地诠释出了热力学第二定律的实质。 相似文献
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宁雅丽 《甘肃广播电视大学学报》2014,(3):49-52
热力学四大定律是热现象宏观理论的重要基础。笔者运用分子动理论和统计物理学知识,通过对热力学第零定律及第一、二、三定律宏观和微观两方面的表述,进一步揭示了热力学四大定律的本质内涵,从而对热力学定律有一个更深刻、更全面的了解和认识。 相似文献
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在热力学中,理想气体所组成的宏观热力学系统,由于不考虑重力场作用是遵从阿伏伽德罗实验定律。对于实验中的真实气体是受重力场作用的,其宏观热力学系统就不严格遵从阿伏伽德罗实验定律;如果把整个热力学系统按重力场方向分割成一系列的微观型的热力学系统,对这样的微观型系统却是遵从阿伏伽德罗实验定律。文章运用气体分子动理论和玻耳兹曼速度分布律,对重力场中的微观型热力学系统所遵从的阿伏伽德罗实验定律进行了统计证明。 相似文献
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热力学第二定律的两种表述分别由克劳修斯(R.Clausius)和开尔文(Lard Kelvin)于1850年和1851年提出.克劳修斯引进熵以后导出了热力学第二定律的数学表示式和熵增加原理.直到玻尔兹曼(L.Boltzmann)把熵与热力学几率联系起来以后才真正赋予熵与热力学第二定律以统计意义。由此才从理论上指出了热力学第二定律适用的范围是由极大数量粒子组成的、处于稳定的外界条件下的闭系。 相似文献
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热力学第一定律是热学、工程热力学、大学化学等课程中非常重要的内容,针对学生对热力学第一定律掌握困难的问题,本文提出了一种有效确定该定律中物理量正负号及其数值正负号的方法,并对该方法的运用进行了详细阐述。通过课堂教学实践,学生对该定律的掌握和理解得到了很大提升,起到了很好的教学效果。 相似文献
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为了进一步了解本原不可幂定号有向图的基的特点及有关性质,对一个特殊的本原不可幂定号有向图的基进行了研究.通过分析这个图的特点,运用反证法并结合图中的本原指数、点指数、基指数、Frobenius集、可幂与不可幂及＂异圈对＂等定义和性质得出基的具体值. 相似文献
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利用图论和矩阵理论的方法,对一类含有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基进行了研究,通过分析此图的特点和规律,即有两个圈长度相同,且都与第三个圈长度不同,综合运用Frobenius集、本原指数、＂异圈对＂、SSSD途径、歧义指数、图的直径和反证法等相关知识,得出了一类含有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基的精确值. 相似文献
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通过研究本原不可幂定号有向图基的相关性质,对具有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基指数进行了研究.通过对于图的特点及规律进行分析的方法,即有两个圈长度相同,并且其都与第三个圈长度不同.首先通过利用有关本原不可幂定号有向图的引理及定义得到基的上界的值,再运用反证法并综合运用集、本原指数、"异圈对"、途径、歧义指数以及图的直径等相关理论知识,讨论了在这两类图中是否存在所需要的SSSD途径对,从而得出了具有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基指数的确切值. 相似文献
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为了进一步了解本原不可幂定号有向图基的相关性质,对含有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基进行了研究,通过对图的特点和规律进行分析,即有两个圈长度相同,且都与第三个圈长度不同,首先通过利用用关本原不可幂定号有向图的引理及定义得到基的上界,再运用反证法并综合运用Frobenius集、本原指数、“异圈对”、SSSD途径、岐义指... 相似文献
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为了进一步了解本原不可幂定号有向图的基的特点及有关性质,对一个特殊的本原不可幂定号有向图的基进行了研究.通过分析这个图的特点知道,此图含有三个圈,其中两个圈长相等.运用反证法并结合图中的本原指数、点指数、基指数、Frobenius集、可幂与不可幂及＂异圈对＂等相关定义及性质加以证明.假定圈长相等的两个圈的符号相同或不同,讨论在这两种情况下所需的SSSD途径对,证得基的上界与下界,并且二者相等,由此得出这类图的基指数的具体值. 相似文献
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茶碱分子印迹PDVB-SO3H/PDVB IPN的合成及热力学性能研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄淑芳 《湖南科技学院学报》2006,27(11):191-193
以茶碱为摸板分子，采用顺序聚合法，合成了分子印迹的大孔磺化聚二乙烯基苯，聚二乙烯基苯互穿聚合物网络（PDVB—SO3H／PDVB IPN），测定了IPN的结构和热力学性能。结果表明，制备的分子印迹聚合物对印迹分子茶碱具有较好吸附作用，且能保持第一网的树脂粒径。通过热力学性能研究，讨论了IPN吸附水溶液中茶碱的机理。 相似文献
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Participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often impaired in visuomotor tasks. However, little is known about the contribution of modal impairment in motor function relative to central processing deficits or whether different processes underlie the impairment in ADHD combined (ADHD-C) versus ADHD inattentive (ADHD-I) subtype. The present study analyzes performance on the Visual Motor Integration Test relative to less effortful motor tests as well as on measures of energetics. Both ADHD groups showed evidence of impaired motor function on both visual-motor integration (VMI) and the less effortful motor tests. The ADHD-C group performed below the ADHD-I group on VMI, but their performance correlated highly with the measures of the energetic pools of arousal and effort. Different mechanisms may underlie impaired fine motor skills in ADHD. Central processing deficits contribute significantly to the deficit of ADHD-C but do not explain the motor impairment in ADHD-I. 相似文献
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This article explores the effectiveness of intervention discussion sections for a college general chemistry course designed to apply research on student preconceptions, knowledge integration, and student explanation. Two interventions, on bond energy and spontaneity, were tested and intervention student performance was compared with that of a control group that did not use the experimental pedagogy. Results indicate that this instruction, which identifies students' initial conceptions and integrates those ideas into class discussion, leads to enhanced conceptual understanding. The intervention group outperformed the control group on a written course midterm, the thermodynamics portion of a standardized American Chemical Society examination, and an in‐depth interview. In interviews, the intervention group students explained the energetics of bond breaking and formation at a more sophisticated level than did the control students. In contrast, control students were more tenuous in their thinking, tended to contradict themselves more when discussing bond energy, and harbored more misconceptions about spontaneity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 464–496, 2002 相似文献
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C. G. Gayford 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):443-450
Consideration is given to the problems of teaching energy in relation to cell biology and ecological energetics in schools. Aspects of the understanding of the nature of energy shown by a sample of 17‐18‐year old pupils studying biology in a number of English schools were investigated. Simple written questions and subsequent oral discussion were used and it was found that there were important inconsistencies between the ideas concerning energy that are being put forward by biology teachers and physical science teachers in schools. It is therefore urged that efforts should be made to overcome this problem in the teaching of school biology, so that what is taught in biology is consistent with current thinking about the teaching of energy in physical science. Some principles are suggested for achieving this aim. 相似文献
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Anne Gaml-Sørensen Nis Brix Andreas Ernst Lea Lykke Harrits Lunddorf Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen 《Child development》2021,92(4):1494-1508
This cohort study, including 15,810 children born 2000–2003 in Denmark, aimed to investigate the association between father absence in pregnancy or during childhood and pubertal development in girls and boys. The children were followed from 11 years of age and throughout pubertal development. Mean age differences according to exposure groups were estimated for each pubertal marker separately and for a combined pubertal marker. The results suggested that father absence in pregnancy and during childhood was associated with earlier pubertal development in girls, and father absence from late childhood was associated with earlier pubertal development in boys. The paternal investment theory, the psychosocial acceleration theory and the energetics theory were explored, and did not seem to explain the observed associations. 相似文献