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1.
Literature on future orientation and motivation was examined for gender differences. Research revealed gender differences from five theoretical orientations: achievement motivation, future time orientation, possible selves, expectancy-value, and social-cognitive. Some of those differences seemed best explained in terms of generational differences in gender role expectations. Gender differences were found in extension and density of future goals. Men had further extension but fewer goals than women. Evidence suggested that women's future expectations have become more similar to men's in the career realm, although women also have maintained their focus on interpersonal goals. An implication is that schools are a potentially powerful sociocultural context that can encourage students to envision futures that are not constrained by gender, race/ethnicity, or other stereotypes. 相似文献
2.
采用自编的自我中心量表对北京市296名不同职业类型个体的假想观众和个人神话状况进行调查,发现成年群体中存在一定程度的假想观众和个人神话现象,并且存在性别差异,表现为男性的假想观众观念弱于女性,而个人神话观念强于女性。同时,性别和职业类型对成年男性的假想观众观念存在交互作用,男性中以人为主要工作对象的职业工作者的假想观众观念显著高于以物为对象的职业工作者。 相似文献
3.
影响妇女参与村级选举的诸因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较平均数和多元回归分析,在控制了年龄、文化程度、政治面貌以及是否村干部等因素之后,可以发现男女村民在选举中的政治参与仍有相当大的差异.可以说,现阶段男女选民在农村选举中参与的差异是农村居民整体文化素质较低造成的.要提高农村妇女的政治参与水平,除了进一步推进村民自治之外,还有待于从整体上提高农村居民的文化素质和公民意识,从根本上改变妇女处于从属地位的传统性别角色. 相似文献
4.
Women Scientists in Academia: Geographically Constrained to Big Cities, College Clusters, or the Coasts? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Women scientists in academia have been shown to be less geographically mobile than their male counterparts, a factor that may exacerbate gender inequities in faculty representation, tenure, and salary. This study examines the extent to which the jobs of academic women scientists are disproportionately concentrated in large cities, areas with many colleges and universities, and regions where most doctorates are granted. We also investigate whether jobs in these locations affect salary, tenure, full-time faculty status, and employment outside one's field of training in ways that differ for women and men. Our analysis is guided by arguments that geographic constraints on women's mobility are rooted in social factors, such as gender roles and mate selection patterns. Data are drawn from over 13,000 faculty respondents in the national Survey of Doctoral Recipients, representing 22 science and engineering disciplines and over 1,000 4-year colleges or universities. Regression analysis reveals that, irrespective of their family status, women faculty are more likely than their male counterparts to reside in doctoral production centers, areas with large clusters of colleges, and large cities. Responsibility for children intensifies women's geographic concentration more than marriage does and in ways that differ from men. Geographic concentration also appears generally more harmful to women's careers than to men's. Women in doctoral production centers are less likely to have tenure and more likely to work part time; those in larger cities are more likely to be in jobs off the tenure track. Locales with many colleges appear to present somewhat better career prospects for women. 相似文献
5.
Janis Bailey Carolyn Troup Glenda Strachan 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2017,39(3):282-295
One focus of gender equity policies in universities has been the creation of ‘retention’ part-time work for professional staff, which allows employees to move between full-time and part-time hours at their request. This paper examines whether such ‘good’ part-time jobs can contribute to or at least not impede women’s career advancement. The paper examines the correlation between job classification and part-time work, and whether a period of part-time work acts as a significant ‘brake’ on a woman’s career trajectory. This study uses data from the 2011 Work and Careers in Australian Universities survey. Part-time work is used extensively by lower-classified women, but rarely by those in higher classifications. Part-time work stalls career advancement compared to working full-time, but this brake is reduced if a woman transitions back to full-time work. 相似文献
6.
宋严萍 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,33(2):65-72
在工业化的影响下,19世纪法国资产阶级妇女的社会角色发生了嬗变。工业化的初期,初掌政权的资产阶级在理论上、法律上强化了男子在家庭中的绝对权威,妇女则完全被囿于家庭之中,在“家庭天使”的光环下,资产阶级妇女成为丈夫的附属物,既无政治权利,也无经济地位。随着工业化的进一步发展,资产阶级妇女的女权意识觉醒,19世纪后半期她们开始了争取自身解放的努力。但是由于法国的文化传统,直到一战前她们所取得的权利仍然相当有限。 相似文献
7.
五四运动唤醒了我国妇女解放运动的沉寂面，妇女们在批判封建旧思想、旧道德的同时，开始为自身解放呐喊。当时社会上进步的人士普遍认为“教育上的平衡为一切平衡的渊源”，把女子教育平衡作为解决妇女问题的根本方法，提出了改革女子教育宗旨，大不开女禁和男女同校等教育平等主张，为近代妇女解放打开了新的局面。 相似文献
8.
晚明小品文是中国历史上创作个人化的一个高潮，它在许多方面与“小女人散文”的个性化写作有相通之处。后人对晚明小品文的评价多从艺术角度加以肯定，而对其蕴含的知识男性生活意识和生存方式给以忽略，而对“小女人散文”则带有负面的性别审美倾向。该文在论述这一文学现象后，认为女作家“女”性意识的客体化在“小女人散文”遭受不公平评价中应负有责任。 相似文献
9.
Is there a gendered agenda in academia? The research experience of female and male PhD graduates in Australian universities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christine Asmar 《Higher Education》1999,38(3):255-273
Women in higher education appear to lag behind their male colleagues in many respects. Research has shown that women are less likely than men to have full-time positions, tenure, or senior status. In research -- crucial to an academic career -- they tend neither to lead research teams, nor to apply for, nor to hold large research grants. Female academics are often seen as less productive, especially when it comes to publication rates. Women just beginning or resuming their careers appear particularly vulnerable. This paper draws on data from a study of PhD graduates in Australian universities in order to investigate the research experiences of women and men at an early stage of their careers. The findings presented in the paper suggest that some of the traditional disadvantages seen as affecting university women are now diminishing. The paper goes on to argue, on the basis of the data, that some documented phenomena such as women's lower publication output and their non-participation in collaborative networks are due to factors not always highlighted in the literature -- factors, for example, such as women's choice of discipline area. While the paper rejects the proposition that an explicitly 'gendered agenda' exists in academia, it notes that newly-graduated female PhDs in Australia are still more likely than their male colleagues to report dissatisfaction on a number of levels. The paper concludes with a call for further research on the more affective aspects of academic women's research experiences. 相似文献
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11.
《一个小时的故事》是美国女作家凯特.肖班的短篇小说代表作。小说以精简有力的文字,讲述一个深刻的故事,质疑了传统的婚姻,表达了对女性作为传统的“家庭天使”的角色的怀疑和否定,使原来处于男性中心社会视角盲区的现实得以呈现在读者的眼前,挑战了男性至上主义文学中的妇女形象,从中折射出女性的性属意识。 相似文献
12.
Nelly P. Stromquist 《Higher Education》1988,17(5):581-601
This study reviews the nature of politics within Peruvian universities, seeking to identify the extent to which they have considered gender issues. Since university students have traditionally been active in politics and have sought to address national issues involving democracy and the protection of human rights, the article focuses on student politics. Student politics have been controlled by men and their various outcomes, ranging from demonstrations to guerilla warfare, have occured in the context of an analytical framework that gives predominance to economic forces to the exclusion of ideological influences. The students have wanted, therefore, to defend and ally themselves with workers and peasants, and assumed that women's issues are secondary to the promotion of social and economic justice. The universities in Peru have undergone a tremendous expansion in the last two decades. Despite this growth, the faculty continues to be mostly male. The growing presence of students from low-income sectors has contributed to radicalizing the university, yet the prevalent Marxist analysis subsumes gender within class issues. Although one of the most radical departments in the university - education - has also a large number of women, this has not yet led to the adoption of a feminist agenda. In the meantime, the feminist movement in Peru is growing outside the university and becoming very effective in the promotion of women's rights. The article proposes a number of measures that could facilitate the university's adoption of a stronger position regarding women's concerns. 相似文献
13.
David W. Chapman Thuwayba Al-Barwani Fathiya Al Mawali Elizabeth Green 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2012,24(4):387-403
This study investigated the career paths of 625 university graduates who prepared to be secondary school teachers in Oman, their assessment of their current work situation, and the extent to which their initial commitment to teaching was related to their subsequent career satisfaction and intention to remain in teaching. While nearly all graduates entered teaching, their decision was marked by ambivalence. Nearly half of the graduates reported being only somewhat or not at all committed to teaching as a career when they graduated. It also appears that initial commitment to teaching operates as an important lens through which teachers view their subsequent careers. Those initially more committed to teaching were more likely to be satisfied with the progress they made in their career, more likely to think that their current teaching position offered them opportunities for advancement, and more likely to want to remain in teaching than were graduates who had a lower initial commitment to teaching. The authors discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
14.
杜聪 《山东教育学院学报》2006,21(2):89-91
本文从四个方面论述了巴金在《家》中所潜存的男权主义思想,即对女性自身价值的轻视、男女主人公之间不平等的身份定位、男尊女卑和才子佳人的程式,旨在探求一种重读文本和透视作家深层心理的独特视角。 相似文献
15.
Lorna Erwin 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(2):207-220
This paper presents results from a study of the career decision making of undergraduate women. Drawing on focus-group interviews with women (N 85) in their first year of full-time study at a large Canadian university, the discussion focuses on how ideas about balancing family and career commitments and interpretations of the university environment influence career choices. Two important observations are supported by the data. The first is that the educational and career options of female undergraduates are still constrained by traditional conceptions of women's responsibilities for household management and child rearing- elements of domestic ideology that they often find difficult to acknowledge. Second, women continue to encounter the university as a gendered site of learning; they are confronted by an informal culture that both marginalizes them and reinforces their perceptions that seeking vocational equality entails high risks. 相似文献
16.
杨翠萍 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,41(6):122-127
本文通过对个案村选举的描述与分析，指出村委会选举虽然使妇女的民主权利得以保障，竞争意识有所提高，但同时也强化了男性操作权力的现象。造成这一问题的根源在于传统的男权文化剥夺了妇女政治参与的机会，而妇联组织在村落权力结构中的边缘地位也弱化了妇女干部的影响力。要改变她们在选举中的弱势地位，就需塑造平等的性别文化，赋权于妇联组织，并在当前对妇女实施保护性政策。 相似文献
17.
Nina Toren 《Higher Education》1988,17(5):525-544
The perceptions and attitudes of women who have reached the top of the academic hierarchy (female full professors) are examined in reference to the effects of gender on their scientific work and career. The analyses refer to a number of issues such as encapsulation and isolation, opportunities and achievement. In general, female full professors do not feel that they have been discriminated against in the course of their careers. They are nevertheless aware of the different career patterns of the sexes in academia, with women having to work harder and longer than men to establish their suitability and competence as academic scientists. They do not however attribute these differences to sex-based stereotypes and discrimination, but rather to objective conditions and women's own decisions.This study was supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation received through the Israel Foundations Trustees. 相似文献
18.
Thi Lan Huong Nguyen 《Higher Education》2013,66(1):123-138
Although the slow progress of female academics compared to their male colleagues and the challenges that female academic leaders have to face in taking leadership roles have been well-documented, very little is known about female academic leaders and managers’ career advancement in developing countries like Vietnam. This paper reports on an exploratory study of a research project funded by the Cambridge—Viet Nam Women Leadership Programme, which aims to advance an understanding of the status of, and identify strategies to empower, female academic managers in Vietnamese higher education. The focus of this paper is on university leaders and female Deans’ perceptions of the barriers to female academic Deanship and female Deans’ reflections on the facilitators for their career advancement. The study found that the main barriers are strong family obligations, negative gender stereotypes regarding females as leaders, and female academics’ unwillingness to take management positions. The major facilitators of female Deans’ career advancement are self-effort, strong family support, and, what is perceived to be, a favourable or ‘lucky’ selection context. The paper provides empirical evidence to support the view that family support is a crucial factor for female academic career advancement in Vietnam. Women are both an agent and an object of change in empowering female academic leadership. 相似文献
19.
一般认为，唐代女子家教具有开放活泼的特点，实际上这只是上层社会的情况。而不少敦煌文书资料，从女子家教的重要性、母亲在女子家教中的作用、女子家教的内容等方面反映了唐代下层社会平民女子家教遵从封建社会礼教、维持男尊女卑观念、抹杀女性独立人格、限制女性自主权利的本质，从而说明唐代平民女子家教保守禁锢的一面。 相似文献
20.
本文从《封神演义》女性角色的分析中揭示男尊女卑的中国古代社会中,女性不仅丧失了独立自主的社会地位,而且丧失了完整的自我意识,她们的情感被忽视,她们的心灵被扭曲,这些都是男权社会对女性的统治和压迫的结果。男权社会下,主流价值评判所称道的贞洁刚烈中包裹着吃人的谎言,而女人是祸水的侮蔑更是对男人过失的粉饰。 相似文献