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1.
The recent increase in R&D offshoring has raised fears that knowledge and competitiveness in advanced countries may be at risk of ‘hollowing out’. At the same time, economic research has stressed that this process is also likely to allow some reverse technology transfer and foster growth at home. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the extent to which R&D offshoring is associated with productivity dynamics of European regions. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104847
We investigate the dynamic and qualitative nature of technological change in 96 countries between 1980 and 2021 from a structuralist technology upgrading perspective. First, drawing from patent data, we map the dynamics of technological knowledge by exploring the growth rates and significance of technology clusters. Second, we explore whether there is a relationship between specific technology clusters and economic growth. Third, we examine whether countries at different levels of development share similar or heterogeneous technology upgrading profiles and how patterns of technology upgrading have changed over time. We use a long-term, technology-level, cross-country patent dataset, and to address the issues identified we apply two complementary analytical methods: Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel data analysis and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs/QCA). We find a significant association between growth dynamics and country-level specific technology clusters that is driven by the ongoing ICT-based technological revolution and enabling nanotechnology, biotechnology and automation tools. Heterogenous trajectories in technological profiles allowed us to distinguish between more productive and less productive technology upgrading profiles at different income levels. Our results suggest that innovation policy should go beyond mission oriented policies focused solely on newly emerging technologies. Instead, it should develop policy mixes conceived as portfolios of missions focused on technology clusters with disparate objectives, requirements and institutional setups. 相似文献
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4.
In recent years, policy approaches that build upon the notion of innovation systems have enjoyed increasing attention in science, technology and innovation policy. But while the usefulness of systemic thinking in policy-making has been demonstrated in a large number of empirical settings, we still lack a detailed understanding of the dynamics at play when policy makers address systemic problems. In this paper, we show how complex interdependencies and the uncertain nature of technological change shape the process of targeted policy interventions in socio-technical systems. Toward this end we analyzed the evolution of the German feed-in tariff (FIT) system for solar photovoltaic power, a highly effective and widely copied policy instrument targeted at fostering the diffusion and development of renewable energy technologies. We find that the policy has been subject to a considerable amount of changes, many of which are the result of policy makers addressing specific system issues and bottlenecks. Interestingly, however, often these issues themselves were driven by unforeseen technological developments induced by previous policy interventions. We argue that the pattern of policy serving as both a solution to and a driver of technological bottlenecks shows strong similarities with what Rosenberg (1969) called ‘compulsive sequences’ in the development of technical systems. By shedding more light on how the characteristics of socio-technical systems affect policy interventions, our framework represents a first step toward more closely integrating the literature on innovation systems with the work on policy learning. 相似文献
5.
This paper has two core purposes. First, building on Nelson and Sampat's work, we outline the social technology conceptual framework and explain why we favour using it to explore two global health initiatives. Second, we discuss the evolution of those initiatives through the lens of the interaction between social technologies, physical technologies and general institutions. Thus we reflect both on evolving conceptual landscapes on the one hand and organisational and institutional terrains on the other.The first section of the paper presents an intellectual journey and outlines our understanding and adoption of the social technology conceptual framework. This framework we argue has a number of advantages over alternative theoretical approaches and perspectives. The second section describes the context in which product development partnerships (PDPs), a type of global health initiative based on a public–private partnership (PPP), have arisen. The third section develops case studies of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and the Malaria Vaccines Initiative (MVI) as social technology experiments and looks at the complex dynamics between organisation, management, scientific and R&D success and general institutional environments. We look at these social technologies as having ‘integrator’ and ‘broker’ roles; classifications which we argue are useful in analysing the different roles taken on by these PDPs. In the conclusion we reflect on the useful ways in which the concept of social technologies can shed light on complex and networked initiatives. 相似文献
6.
网络社群结构动态对企业创新绩效的影响研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):734-745
基于社会网络理论、资源基础观和成长曲线模型,考察不同技术生命周期阶段下企业在创新网络中的社群内结构动态（群内稳定、群内扩张）和社群间结构动态（群间扩张）对企业创新绩效的影响。运用SDC数据库、USPTO、JPO、EPO以及样本企业所在国家专利数据库,以通信设备领域的联盟企业为样本进行实证研究,结果表明在技术导入期,企业群间扩张对创新绩效有负向影响;在技术成长期,企业群间扩张以及保持群内稳定对创新绩效有正向影响;在技术成熟期,企业群内稳定对创新绩效有正向影响,群内扩张与群间扩张对创新绩效有负向影响。在此基础上,提出不同生命周期阶段企业通过调整创新合作网络以提升企业创新绩效的政策建议。 相似文献
7.
技术创新对出口的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在专利、贸易数据的基础上,测度国家层面技术变迁对出口贸易增长的作用。通过技术市场、出口市场的结构分解,分析了份额效应、结构效应、增长效应和迟滞效应对增长的影响,其中份额效应作用最大,体现创新系统运行效率的技术适应效应的作用也比较显著,而结构效应的作用则呈负向。尽管中国已经在个别部门建立了一定的技术优势,但这种优势尚未转化为国际市场的竞争优势。 相似文献
8.
Kyootai LeeAuthor Vitae Aihua YanAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(2):160-170
Research has identified numerous factors that influence initial technology adoption decisions. However, extant studies consider beliefs to be static rather than dynamic over the adoption time-span. Various models have been employed to identify adoption behavior, pre- and post-adoption, however, there is little research on the dynamics of users’ belief structures over time and the inter-relationships among them. This study aims to investigate the dynamic nature of users’ beliefs and the relationships among their dynamics, i.e., rates of change. We test our research model based on data obtained at three time-windows using a parallel-growth process model. The results reveal that self-efficacy, usefulness and intention to use are likely to be dynamic, and increase with time. The rate of change in self-efficacy influences the rate of change in usefulness, which in turn affects the rate of change in intention to use. This study theoretically contributes to expanding the extant cross-sectional TAM research to include time-phased TAM studies, and highlights the role of self-efficacy as an important determinant of the dynamics. 相似文献
9.
Ikram Khan Anil Prabhakar Chloe Delepine Hayley Tsang Vincent Pham Mriganka Sur 《Biomicrofluidics》2021,15(2)
Organoids are biological systems grown in vitro and are observed to self-organize into 3D cellular tissues of specific organs. Brain organoids have emerged as valuable models for the study of human brain development in health and disease. Researchers are now in need of improved culturing and imaging tools to capture the in vitro dynamics of development processes in the brain. Here, we describe the design of a microfluidic chip and bioreactor, to enable in situ tracking and imaging of brain organoids on-chip. The low-cost 3D printed microfluidic bioreactor supports organoid growth and provides an optimal imaging chamber for live-organoid imaging, with drug delivery support. This fully isolated design of a live-cell imaging and culturing platform enables long-term live-imaging of the intact live brain organoids as it grows. We can thus analyze their self-organization in a controlled environment with high temporal and spatial resolution. 相似文献
10.
Patent trolls (or sharks) are patent holding individuals or (often small) firms who trap R&D intensive manufacturers in patent infringement situations in order to receive damage awards for the illegitimate use of their technology. While of great concern to management, their existence and impact for both corporate decision makers and policy makers remains to be fully analyzed from an academic standpoint. In this paper we show why patent sharks can operate profitably, why they are of growing concern, how manufacturers can forearm themselves against them, and which issues policy makers need to address. To do so, we map international indemnification rules with strategic rationales of small patent-holding firms and large manufacturers within a theoretical model. Our central finding is that the courts’ unrealistic consideration of the trade-offs faced by inadvertent infringers is a central condition for sharks to operate profitably. 相似文献
11.
Zouhaïer M&#x;Chirgui 《Research Policy》2009,38(9):1453-1467
This paper analyzes how the structure and the evolution of inter-firm agreements have shaped the development of the smart card industry. The aim is to establish a closer connection between the evolution of inter-firm agreements in the smart card industry and the patterns of change of technology and demand in this new high-tech industry. Based on a proprietary database covering both collaborative agreements and mergers and acquisitions (M&As) occurring in this industry over the period 1992–2006, we find that the evolution of technology and market demand shapes the dynamics of R&D networks and M&As are likely to change the industry structure. We also find that a small group of producers – first-movers – still control the industry and technological trajectories. Their position arises not for oligopolistic reasons of market structure, but for technological and organizational reasons. 相似文献
12.
《International Journal of Information Management》2002,22(1):3-26
The expectation of firms following aggressive growth strategies is that firms expanding geographically will acquire extensive economic advantages unavailable to more conservative competitors. Growth-minded firms also believe that by integrating info-communication technology (ICT) within their regional infrastructures, distribution channels, and marketing approaches, they can achieve lower costs or enhanced differentiation within a broad scope of operations. Empirical evidence shows that many organizational expansions have been implemented utilizing two major expansion modes, consolidation and complementation. This research examines the modal properties of these approaches in terms of their configurational characteristics, economic rationales and managerial requirements. Viewed from a top-down perspective the modal properties further suggest the organization's management support system requirements. This study also identifies and explores the corresponding communication system requirements, especially for key dispersion-related communication configurations and systems. The desired practical effect of this research would be an increased awareness of and an incentive for commercial and industrial enterprises to include communication system requirements in their adopted expansion mode deliberations. 相似文献
13.
This paper extends the existing research on the interplay of positive and negative feedback dynamics in the competition for business system dominance. By building on an analysis of the digital television launch in the United Kingdom, we find that the expectation of network externalities intensifies competition causing strong negative feedback effects to emerge. Actions aimed at improving one's position are systematically imitated and pre-emptied. Pressure builds up in the business system, and only when the weakest firms exit, the positive feedback effects are unleashed in their full magnitude. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of institutional dynamics in new technology introduction. 相似文献
14.
Using longitudinal data of Spanish manufacturing companies, we study the dynamic, bidirectional relationship between firm research and development (R&D) intensity and corporate diversification in an organic growth setting. Our empirical approach accounts for the different sources of endogeneity. Although we find a positive linear effect of R&D intensity on related diversification, the effect of related diversification on R&D intensity assumes the form of an inverted U. Thus, the effect of related diversification on R&D intensity is positive, but marginally decreases for moderate levels of related diversification. Such an effect can become negative, however, for high levels of related diversification. Additionally, as a consequence of dynamics, the effects after one year are substantially lower than the overall effects that occur over several years. 相似文献
15.
Many regions of the European Union with a high degree of autonomy have elected very clearly to stimulate scientific research and technological development (R&D) as a specific means of promoting economic growth and the welfare of their citizens. In Spain, several autonomous regions have organised their efforts in science and technology by means of the adoption of regional R&D plans. In some cases, particular concern is taken to link the scope of scientific research with that of technology, but even in these few cases, it is acknowledged that little is known of the mechanisms by which the results of scientific research are translated into technological development, and how this latter in turn influences the objectives of scientific research. Our aim in this article is to study in greater depth the relationship between science and technological development in the various regions of Spain. The methodology that we apply to investigate the links between science and technology is based on an analysis of scientific citations in patent documents (non-patent citation (NPC)). The results obtained from this study provide some relevant data on the interconnection between the scientific and technological systems from a regional perspective. 相似文献
16.
This study examines the technology strategies of 88 technology-based growth companies that went public on the German “Neuer Markt” between 1997 and 2002. The regression analyses show significant positive effects of R&D on growth but negative effects on profitability. The data suggests that firm age is a moderating factor influencing whether technology investments lead to higher growth or profitability in the life cycle of technology-based growth companies. In our sample, higher R&D intensity led to increased sales growth but lower return on sales, but the growth effect was negative and the impact on profitability positive. These results support the significance of company life cycle theories for formulating technology strategies, which suggests that different stages in the development of technology-based firms call for specific levels of R&D intensity to sustain growth and profitability. 相似文献
17.
This article discusses xenotransplantation (XTP: the surgical role of nonhuman tissues, organs, and cells for human transplantation) and examines the way its scientific promoters have defended their technology against potentially damaging public representations. The authors explore the criteria used to legitimate the selection of the pig as the best species from which to "harvest" transplant tissues in the future. The authors' analysis shows that scientists and medical practitioners routinely switch between scientific and cultural repertoires. These repertoires enable such actors to exchange expert identities in scientific discourse for public identities in cultural discourse. These discourses map onto similarities and differences between animal donors and human hosts. Finally, the case is used to comment on a number of related approaches where the dynamics of medical and scientific authority are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Technology parks and regional economic growth in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Albert Guangzhou Hu 《Research Policy》2007,36(1):76-87
China's technology parks have been growing rapidly in the decade that followed their establishment. I examine whether this is merely in response to the policy incentives or there have been external economies from the concentration of high-technology firms in the technology parks as policy makers had hoped. Using data on China's 53 national technology parks from 1992 to 2000 and data on the metropolises that host them, I find results that are consistent with the neoclassical growth mechanism—labor productivity across technology parks is converging and there is no evidence of geographical external economies. But the foreign direct investment the host city receives has robustly contributed to the productivity growth in the technology parks. Finally, I find evidence that in their early stage of development the technology parks have hampered the secular trend of increasing regional inequality in China. 相似文献
19.
As an introduction to the special issue on “emerging nanotechnologies”, this paper puts in perspective contemporary debates and challenges about nanotechnology. It presents an overview of diverse analyses and expectations about this presumably revolutionary set of technological, scientific and industrial developments. Three main lines of argument can then be delineated: first of all, the degree of cumulativeness of science and technologies and the respective roles of newcomers and incumbents in the industrial dynamics; second the knowledge dynamics in nanotechnologies, especially the linkages by science and technology and third the role of institutions (network, geographic agglomeration and job market). It finally discusses methodologies to delineate the field of nanotechnologies and to collect data. 相似文献
20.
Our objective in this paper is to analyse the determinants of the use of advanced manufacturing technologies in manufacturing firms. We go beyond more traditional approaches and consider the role of complementarities in technology adoption at two levels. First, we adapt Teece's (1986) framework to study the incentives to use new technology that stem from investments in R&D, human capital and advertising. Second, we analyse whether technology use is conditioned by a system effect that arises from the use of related technologies. We test our hypotheses on a representative sample of manufacturing firms in Spain. Our results fully support the idea that R&D investments increase the likelihood of technology use, but only offer partial support for human capital and advertising investments. Export intensity, being part of a business group and epidemic effects are also important determinants of adoption. 相似文献