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1.
《Learning and Instruction》2006,16(1):72-85
We studied children's conceptions of the writing process while the complex cognitive activity of writing is carried out through a pictorial representation of the writing process. Sixty children attending Kindergarten, first grade and fourth grade in Bariloche, Argentina, were presented individually with a sequence of four questions about the content of a child's thought at four key moments of writing production (anticipating, writing, revising, rereading), which were depicted on picture cards. Textual analysis, the application of Simple Correspondence Factorial Analysis (SCFA) and Modal Response procedures, indicated significant developmental changes in the focus of children's ideas about writing. More specifically, we looked at children's conceptions of the nature of thinking while writing, given cognitive processes of increasing complexity and internalization. Main educational implications indicate the need to rethink practices for teaching writing at initial and primary school levels in order to promote teaching interventions directed at getting pupils to be explicit, revise and redescribe their conceptions about the writing process. We suggest that learners' conceptions of writing processes outline a tacit learning curriculum of writing, which operates by guiding learning efforts and self-evaluation standards. 相似文献
2.
Research has shown that early childhood science education is based on education and care, sometimes stressed as a dichotomy. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relations between teachers' teaching and children's learning in preschool practice, both in terms of educative processes and nature-oriented content. The ambition is also to develop and present an analysis method that facilitates these investigations. Outdoor nature experiences of preschool children (aged one to three) were video-recorded, transcribed and analysed. The methodology is based on John Dewey's pragmatic philosophy. Here, epistemological move analysis (oriented towards teachers' guiding processes as moves) and substantive learning quality analysis (oriented towards multi-dimensional learning qualities) are developed and used as analysis tools. The analyses show that the relations between teaching and learning processes and nature content are intertwined and include education and care. The teachers guide towards aesthetical, moral, cognitive and physical qualities in learning by challenging, admonishing, instructional, confirming, generative, reorienting and reconstructing moves. The results contribute to nature-oriented teaching practice and nature-oriented preschool research when discussing and investigating teaching and learning processes and nature content. 相似文献
3.
There is a growing national recognition that teachers and teaching are at the heart of successful educational reform. However, few tools exist for measuring classroom instruction. The primary purpose of this article is to describe methods we developed to measure and study teaching, specifically while teachers were using a multimedia intervention for promoting scientific problem solving. Lessons were videotaped, and coding schemes were developed to measure 2 aspects of teaching: (a) the lesson's organization, particularly whole-class instruction used to introduce problems and share students' work; and (b) the nature of tasks and questions given to students. Results showed that the coding schemes were reliable and that they detected differences in instruction across teachers. Qualitative analyses were consistent with the quantitative findings. The codes also captured features of teaching that would have been difficult to detect or verify with qualitative observations alone. Finally, we explored how these measures could be used with student outcome data to examine the relationship between teaching and learning in future studies. We argue that quantitative measures of instruction serve many purposes, not the least of which is allowing researchers to explore the relationship between teaching and student learning at a high degree of granularity. 相似文献
4.
Teachers are expected to implement new educational technologies and adapt to new teaching environments. However, it involves a complex learning process that can lead to their perspective transformation. We have developed and taught a discussion-based online course to facilitate teachers' transformative learning. This qualitative case study examines teachers' perspective transformation in our course to understand the nature of effective online teacher-to-teacher discussions. Based on a theoretical framework that integrates Mezirow's transformative learning model and Bakhtin's dialogism, this paper builds on previous literature on teacher-to-teacher discussions as well as providing a fresh perspective to inform the current globalized teacher education context. 相似文献
5.
Iain Garner 《教育心理学》2000,20(3):341-348
Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) (1984) is frequently used within many areas of study and research as a method of assigning students to a given learning style. However, this paper argues that there are substantial problems with the theoretical foundations of his work. Anomalies are noted with the claimed relationship with Jung's styles (1977) and with Kolb's use of 'possibility processing' (Tyler, 1978). It is argued that these anomalies make it impossible for firm conclusions about the nature of Kolb's learning style to be made. Implications for the use of Kolb's learning styles are presented. 相似文献
6.
Keith S. Taber 《Educational studies》2001,27(2):159-171
This paper considers some of the reasons why motivated students in suitable learning environments may fail to learn from competent teachers. It draws upon work in the psychology of learning, and the considerable body of research that has been undertaken to explore the nature and origin of learners' alternative conceptions in science. A synthesis of ideas from this previous work suggests a simple typology of 'learning impediments' in terms of the mismatch between the learner's cognitive structure and the teacher's expectations. It is suggested that this classification system may be a useful tool that, alongside techniques to probe prior knowledge, can help teachers diagnose and overcome such impediments to intended learning, and thus make teaching more effective. Although deriving from research into the learning of science, it is suggested that the typology can be applied to conceptual learning across the curriculum. 相似文献
7.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》2000,16(3):295-313
This study examined teacher–student discourse from a sociocultural perspective in order to ascertain the nature of effective instruction for school-age students with learning disabilities. This discussion examines one teacher's resource room instruction that was part of a larger study of teacher–student discourse. The results suggested two considerations: (1) the importance of teacher self-reflection and the implications for effective teaching and learning, and (2) differential discourse patterns across academic domains. Wood's notion of contingent teaching (1991) provided a guideline for coding teacher–student discourse. The results suggest that feedback combined with cognitive structuring contribute to effective teaching and learning. 相似文献
8.
Ian M. Kinchin David B. Hay Alan Adams 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(1):43-57
This paper describes a qualitative approach to analysing students' concept maps. The classification highlights three major patterns which are referred to as 'spoke', 'chain' and 'net' structures. Examples are given from Year 8 science classes. The patterns are interpreted as being indicators of progressive levels of understanding. It is proposed that identification of these differences may help the classroom teacher to focus teaching for more effective learning and may be used as a basis for structuring groups in collaborative settings. This approach to analysing concept maps is of value because it suggests teaching approaches that help students integrate new knowledge and build upon their existing naive concepts. We also refer to the teacher's scheme of work and to the National Curriculum for science in order to consider their influence in the construction of understanding. These ideas have been deliberately offered for early publication to encourage debate and generate feedback. Further work is in progress to better understand how students with different conceptual structures can be most appropriately helped to achieve learning development. 相似文献
9.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(2):315-329
Embodiment as a compelling way to rethink the nature of teaching and learning asks participants to see fundamentally what is at stake within teaching/learning situations, encountering ourselves and our relations to others/otherness. Drawing predominantly on the thinking of John Dewey and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty the body's role within teaching and learning is enfleshed through the concrete experiences of one middle‐school science teacher attempting to teach for greater student inquiry. Personal, embodied understandings of the lived terms of inquiry enable the science teacher to seek out the lived terms of inquiry in her classroom alongside students. Theories are taken up as working notions for the teacher to examine as philosophical/theoretical/pragmatic processes to be worked with, and concomitantly, working as dynamic practice at the core of the teacher's thinking and experiences. The theory/practice conjuncture of inquiry is thus enfleshed, gaining embodied understandings. Embodiment as the medium enhancing comprehension is evidenced as holding worthy implications for teacher education. Teacher education must fall into trust with the body's role in teaching and learning. 相似文献
10.
Brenda Leibowitz 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(8):981-994
ABSTRACTAlthough the concept of a scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL) has emanated from the global North, it is a relevant and useful concept in the global South. The concept was initiated in the 1990s in the US. The original emphases in the seminal Boyer Report, on the integration of various forms of scholarship, the importance of intellectual thought and the collaborative nature of teaching have been subject to various distortions, in part due to the depredations of neoliberalism and performativity. We argue that Slow scholarship, which has resonances with Boyer's notions of the scholarship of teaching and learning provides much potential for reconceptualising SOTL in the South. These claims are explored via a case study set in South Africa, where academic developers at eleven higher education institutions covering the range of institutional types were interviewed. 相似文献
11.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):135-148
The influence of, and the interplay between biographical and contextual factors in new teachers' professional learning and development during their first years of teaching are examined. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. Findings suggest the powerful influence of prior experiences as students, the low impact of Initial Teacher Education on new teachers' socialisation and the strong effect of workplace conditions in shaping beginning teachers' practices and attitudes towards teaching. It is argued that more importance needs to be given to the structural and organisational factors of the workplace if a 'learning culture' is to be fostered in schools. Implications for Teacher Education and Induction are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Transition from clinical manager to university lecturer: a self-reflective case study 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Elizabeth Oldland 《高等教育研究与发展》2011,30(6):779-790
This paper is a case study exploring the author's use of reflective practice to facilitate the transition in role from a clinical manager with teaching responsibilities in a critical care unit to university lecturer. The similarities and differences in the roles with respect to learner characteristics, teaching contexts and effective teaching strategies are discussed. Brookfield's model provides the methodological framework for the process of critically reflective practice undertaken to support and inform the transition. This case study describes a novice academic's reflection through the four lenses of autobiography, the theoretical literature, student feedback and the perspectives of colleagues as she seeks to optimise student engagement and learning using the large lecture as the teaching and learning activity. The author suggests that the use of a framework such as Brookfield's model that supports critical reflection may be of significant benefit to accelerate the personal and professional growth of new academic staff in their teaching practice. 相似文献
13.
14.
Summaries are given of research on the learner's role in learning and pupils' attitudes to school and it is argued that few studies have collected the views of young children on learning. This provides the rationale for a pilot study which probed the perceptions of a sample of 44 Year 2 and Year 6 children in schools in and around London. The findings indicate that children as young as seven can conceptualise 'learning' and are able to articulate learning strategies and processes they use. It is suggested that the pupil's voice is an increasingly important element in furthering our understanding of teaching and learning more generally. 相似文献
15.
Abstract This article reviews research on pedagogies associated with the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in primary and secondary schools. We propose a framework for examining pedagogical practices based on an analysis of the nature of pedagogy as revealed in the literature. In the light of this framework we discuss empirical evidence of the use of different types of ICT in different subjects and phases of education. We identify pedagogical issues associated with ICT use and their implications for teachers' pedagogical reasoning and practices. The evidence suggests that new affordances provided by ICT-based learning environments require teachers to undertake more complex pedagogical reasoning than before in their planning and teaching that incorporates knowledge of specific affordances and how these relate to their subject-based teaching objectives as well as the knowledge they have always needed to plan for their students' learning. In addition the research shows that teachers' beliefs about the value of ICT for learning and the nature of successful learning environments are important in teachers' pedagogical reasoning 相似文献
16.
J. M. Lansdell 《Educational studies》1999,25(3):327-333
This paper explores the nature of the language used when teaching mathematics to young children. It proposes that an important part of the teaching of a mathematical concept is the introduction of specific terminology. Children may need to be taught new meanings for already familiar words. The timing of these introductions to new words or meanings is critical to their understanding of the concepts being taught. It will be argued that there are two aspects of the children's learning that need to be considered. First, their understanding of the concept being introduced, and secondly, their learning the appropriate word to describe that concept. By assessing children's understanding of new mathematical concepts through their own use of the terminology, the teacher can then negotiate new meanings with them through practical experiences, introducing new word meanings only when the concepts have been understood. 相似文献
17.
Karen Wistoft 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(2):125-141
‘Gardens for Bellies' [Haver til Maver] is an organic school gardens project at Krogerup farm in Northern Sealand, Denmark, which provides children with first-hand experiences in a natural, outdoor environment. The general intention of the project is to expand children's competences and their knowledge of nature, farming and food preparation. This article draws on a new evaluation of ‘Gardens for Bellies' based on qualitative as well as quantitative studies carried out by education researchers. The evaluation shows very positive learning benefits linked to experience and enjoyment. The outdoor learning programme and environment represents a unique addition to the national curriculum of the Danish state school system, providing the possibility of interdisciplinary and enjoyment-based learning. One of the main conclusions is that the pupils who participate in the ‘Gardens for Bellies' programme develop a desire to learn. A number of the competencies they develop relate directly to the subject of science, as well as other school subjects. Parents confirm the learning benefits and view ‘Gardens for Bellies' as a unique supplement to regular school teaching. The experience dimension and a certain communication of love together with the teachers' passion to show their passion for teaching on site provide one possible explanation as to why the desire to learn is stimulated among the pupils. 相似文献
18.
This case study explored the nature of one elementary school teacher's adaptive teaching during an integrated science and literacy unit. Data were collected during four consecutive weeks of instruction, weekly interactive planning sessions, 20 classroom observations, and 20 post-lesson interviews. Our analysis suggests that adaptations may be established during planning or emerge while teaching. This study also indicated that an adaptive teacher uses ongoing formative assessment to scaffold students' learning. A coding system that typifies how and why a teacher adapts instruction across disciplines can be used to examine adaptive teaching. Implications for teacher educators and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
19.
在大学英语的词汇教学中,熟词生义常常是教师忽略的一个方面。本文选用了具体的实例,浅析了如何在教学过程中利用课文中的语境补充熟词生义的教学策略。此外本文试图证明熟词生义的教学方法可以帮助学生更全面地掌握熟词,提高词汇教学的质量。 相似文献
20.
In this article, the authors suggest that current notions of advocacy in early childhood education should be expanded to include a view of young children as citizens. The authors ground their discussion in a how-to book project in Providence, Rhode Island, consider different concepts of children and citizenship, share commentary from City Hall and propose four key features of their perspective: (a) highlighting the civic nature of schools as central to the teaching and learning process; (b) focusing on young children's distinctive perspectives and competencies, not just their needs; (c) providing professional development around shared projects that promote literacy and higher order thinking skills; and (d) documenting children's learning in order to challenge assumptions about their capabilities and put forth an alternative image of teaching and learning. 相似文献