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十九世纪中期英国对文官制度进行了两次改革,确立了现代英国文官制度,并把选拔性公共考试引入文官的选拔和录用。之后,经过不断改革、补充和修正,英国文官制度日臻完善,成为其他国家文官制度模仿的范本,并对英国的选拔性公共考试制度特别是高校招生考试制度产生重大影响。本文着重论述了英国文官录用制度改革的背景、改革内容和意义以及对英国当代高校招生考试制度的影响。 相似文献
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英国的高校招生考试制度是相对独特的一种,分析研究英国在高校招生考试制度中学历资格框架及考试体系,对推动我国招考事业的发展,促进高校招生制度的改革和完善,有着积极的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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作为英国最主流的大学招生考试,A-level考试制度于1951年建立,并逐步形成了线性的课程考试制度。2000年的模块化改革将其"年终末考"的线性考试制度变革为"一年多考"的模块化考试制度,目的是为学生提供更加宽泛的学科知识,并提高其考试通过率。这一制度在运行十几年后,暴露出了重考率过高、分数膨胀严重、应试文化加重、知识宽度不够、评价方式不够合理等问题,由此引发了2015年的线性改革,即从"一年多考"的模块化考试制度回归"年终末考"的线性考试制度。此轮A-level考试制度改革与我国新高考改革的方向明显不同,但也为我国新高考改革提供了些许启示,比如限制学生重复考试次数、改革学业水平考试的评价方式、强化高校在招生中的作用等。 相似文献
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1985年4月11日至25日在北京召开了标准化考试国际讨论会。它是由中国国际考试协调处和世界银行训练处共同举办的,到会的有一百多名中外教师和教育工作者。一些外国教育专家在会上谈到了他们国家的高等学校招生考试制度及考试情况,对与会代表起了启迪思考的作用。关于如何改革大学招生考试制度以及如何实现考试科学化、标准化的问题,是这次讨论会的中心议题,有些专家对此发表了很好的见解。下面简要介绍一下美国、日本和英国的高校招生考试制度以及讨论会上所谈到的关于高校招生考试制度改革的一些问题。 相似文献
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当前我国高校招生主要面临的新形势和新任务:一是创新型国家建设对人才的选拔提出了新的时代要求,二是高等教育进入大众化和素质教育的深入推进,要求建立与之相适应的招生考试制度,三是老百姓对教育考试的公平、公正的要求更为强烈.为此,在新课改背景下,高校招生考试制度改革应坚持以人为本,进一步深化高考改革,建立基础教育与高考改革的联动机制,建立多样化考试评价体系,以此推动素质教育的实施,推动高考综合改革. 相似文献
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高校招生考试制度在整个教育体系乃至整个社会体系中肩负了十分重要的使命,为社会各界所关注.自80年代以来,全国各地都在不断研究与探索高校招生考试制度的改革与完善,上海因其特殊的社会经济和高等教育地位而在全国的改革中具有一定的先导性.本文对上海高校招生考试制度改革的历程作了一番整体的梳理,对其得失作出了初步的评价,进而提出了改革构想:凸现高校与考生的主体地位,转变高考职能,建立起"多元考试、自主招生、独立录取"的多层次、多规格的高校招生考试制度. 相似文献
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《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》2007,(10)
近年来,世界各国都在进行大规模的高校招生考试制度改革,并对我国的高考改革产生了影响。统一性与多样性。就世界各国高校招生考试改革的发展趋势而言,一些原来以高校自主考试和招生的国家,正逐渐走向统一高考,如俄罗斯、英国、法国等;过去以实行统一高考为主的国家却在走向反面,如加拿大、澳大利亚、西班牙、印度等。中国长期坚持全国统一高考,体现了统一性。然而,随着高等教育 相似文献
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王立科 《大学.研究与评价》2008,(Z1):48-54
自上世纪70年代末起的30年中,作为英国高校入学重要条件的普通教育证书高级水平(A-levels)考试受到了前所未有的挑战,但改革步履维艰,经历了"单轨制"、"双轨制"、"三轨制"、《2000年课程》改革和《国家资格证书框架》的实施;招生和录取选拔制度也进行了相应变革,但是每一次改革无不在"传承"与"超越"间挣扎。30年英国高校招考制度改革的历程折射了英国高等教育从精英向大众转型的阵痛。 相似文献
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英国14-19岁普通教育考试制度与高校入学机制的关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文研究了英国14-19岁阶段普通教育的考试制度及其与高校入学机制的关系.分析了其以资格证书为基础的考试制度的特点、经验和问题,为我国普通高中考试制度改革和高校入学机制改革提供参照. 相似文献
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英国社会历来"重学轻术",高校招生录取的主要依据是被称为英国教育"黄金标准"的普通教育证书高级水平(A-levels)考试成绩,职业教育并没有得到应有地位。为了改变这种状况,英国政府鼓励高校在招生录取时使用"高校招生分数转换系统",逐步代替之前只涵盖普通教育证书补充水平(AS)和普通教育证书高级水平的计分体系,现已成为整个高校招生录取的重要一环。它以总分的形式综合反映学生的学业成绩,从而更加客观、有效地评价各类学生的学业成绩,使学生获得的不同证书成为可比的学业分值。该转换系统有利于高等院校在招生录取时平等地对待各类学生的入学申请。这对我国高校招生录取制度改革有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Jannette Elwood 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2012,42(4):497-512
This paper brings to the forefront students’ views on one of the most significant aspects of educational reform in the 14–19 phase in England, specifically qualifications, examinations and assessment reform. In this respect, the paper foregrounds students as ‘policy actors’, they are significant players in the mediation of national qualification systems rather than just subjects in their implementation. Data from a national dataset of focus groups with 243 students are presented. Key themes are highlighted relating to young people’s experiences of qualifications, examinations and assessment at this stage of education in a context of continuous initiatives and change as well as the impact on students of qualifications reform in situ which can be confusing, unsettling and ultimately detrimental to future success. 相似文献
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结合德国招生制度的平等原则以及中国的特殊情况,本文提出机会平等原则并建议将其作为高考改革的唯一目标。据此,笔者将现有的众多高考改革＂药方＂分为＂对症＂与＂非对症＂两类,对于诸如取消分省招生制度、废除少数民族优待等合理建议建议予以采纳,而主张废止那些旨在通过考试的主观化、本地化来提升城市人口成功机率、侵犯农民权益、为官员腐败打造基础以及为北京人这一＂最宝贝的少数民族＂提供加倍优待等措施。 相似文献
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《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(5):42-56
China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, and a population of 1.1 billion. There are 1,075 general colleges and universities throughout the country, enrolling a total of approximately 2 million students. Each year we have about 2.5 million graduates from upper middle school, which, added to the number of graduates from previous years, make for a pool of candidates for admission to college and university of about 2.8 million in any given year. In the last two years, in accordance with the state's planning, we have admitted about 700,000 new students to the general colleges and universities each year (which is approximately 3 percent of the total number of people of the same age in the country at large and about 20 percent of the graduates from upper middle schools for that year). To guarantee that the limited resources and funds that the state invests in higher education may take greater effect, we have to select the new students of the highest quality and qualifications to admit to the colleges and universities. At the same time, however, we also have to make it convenient for the broad masses of graduates from upper middle schools to take part in examinations locally and apply for admissions to all the appropriate colleges or universities in the country. Since 1952 we have begun to adopt a system whereby the questions for all general colleges/universities entrance examinations throughout the country are unified, and all colleges and universities are pledged to admit new students on the basis of competitive merit. Thus the plans of colleges and universities in terms of new student admission, the subjects of examination, the questions in the examinations, and the standard answers, as well as the scoring standards or criteria of evaluating results, are all formulated in a uniform way by the state, with the provinces (or autonomous regions or municipalities that are under the direct jurisdiction of the center) carrying out the work of printing the examinations, conducting or holding the examinations, evaluating scores and, finally, admissions. With the exception of a hiatus of twelve years' time during the period of the Cultural Revolution, this nationwide uniform examination system for college and university admission has been in place ever since, and has always been there to ensure, effectively, the quality of the new students being admitted to general colleges and universities, and to ensure the smooth and effective completion of the state's plans for college and university admissions. At the same time, to a certain extent, this system also promoted the enhancement of the quality of teaching and learning in the middle schools, by avoiding repetitive and redundant work and labor in the area of admissions examinations, saving large amounts of human, material, and financial resources. 相似文献
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通过汇总整理新时期我国硕士研究生主要招生工作文件,从招生计划、报考资格、考试录取、科目设置等四方面具体分析硕士研究生招生制度的演变发展和高校招生自主权的变化。研究生招生制度改革逐步赋予了高校在招生方面的自主权,但仍然非常有限,未来继续扩大高校招生自主权应作为硕士研究生招生制度改革的一个方向。 相似文献
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This article, which is based on research funded by the Nuffield Foundation, examines the responses of higher education institutions (HEIs) to the recent reform of advanced level qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, known as Curriculum 2000. The research, undertaken in late 2002 and early 2003 following the ‘graduation’ of the first cohort of Curriculum 2000 learners, combined documentary analysis, use of national survey findings and interviews with a sample of university admissions tutors from new (post‐1992) and old (pre‐1992) universities in England. The research shows that HEIs were generally well‐informed about most aspects of the advanced level reforms and, at the level of public statements, welcomed the possibility of a broader advanced level curriculum. However, this relatively positive approach was not reproduced in terms of offer‐making to candidates: admissions tutors, particularly in the pre‐1992 universities, continued to make offers largely on the basis of predicted grades in three main A Levels. We argue that the reason for this cautious approach by the HEIs was not simply a result of their traditional support for subject specialisation, but also stemmed from systemic problems related to the Curriculum 2000 qualifications, their voluntarism and their less than universal up‐take by schools, colleges and learners. We conclude by looking briefly at the implications of these research findings for the future reform of 14–19 curriculum and qualifications in England. 相似文献
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知识与能力的关系及考试目标的内在结构均是设计考试需要解决的基本问题。英国数学天才儿童考试解决这两个问题所进行的尝试,对我国设计教学质量监控性考试具有积极地借鉴意义。建立我国国家教学质量监控体系要处理好知识与能力的关系、注意在考试方式中适当运用现代信息技术提高考试的有效性、发挥高校学术力量对高水平学科能力测试与评估的支撑作用、建立学科能力测试机构与招生机构打通的机制及国家学科学能测试机构。 相似文献
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魏新春 《临沂师范学院学报》2011,(5):23-25
教师资格证制度为我国的教师队伍建设做出了重要贡献,然而随着时代的发展,认证标准不够灵活、缺乏统一的认证机构等问题也暴露出来。要改进和完善我国的教师资格证制度,需要坚持教师资格认证标准综合化和专业化,建立统一的认证机构和设立专业团体,教师资格证书实行期限管理,突出教师资格认证制度评鉴的多样性。 相似文献