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1.
Robert O. Davis Joseph Vincent 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(6):3252-3263
Pedagogical agents in multimedia learning environments have frequently been designed to produce pointing gestures (deictic) to direct spatial awareness. Although this might be beneficial for native English-speaking students who possess high levels of comprehension, only using pointing gestures with foreign language students learning English is problematic because these students need more assistance with language comprehension than just directing spatial awareness. The purpose of this study was to explore how gesture type and gesture frequency help foreign language students perceive the agent’s persona and the ability to recall procedural information. The results found one significant interaction between average gestures and no gesture in terms of facilitation, but all other conditions and persona subscales were not significant. For learning outcomes, the enhanced gesture condition significantly recalled more information than the no gesture condition (p = 0.017), and was approaching significance with the conversational gesture condition (p = 0.059). The findings suggest that when the learning population consists of foreign language students, pedagogical agents should use representational and beat gestures to help students comprehend more of the language, and the gesture frequency needs to be increased to account for the lack of verbal listening skills with this population. 相似文献
2.
Findings are presented from the first randomized control trial of the effects of encouraging symbolic gesture (or “baby sign”) on infant language, following 40 infants from age 8 months to 20 months. Half of the mothers were trained to model a target set of gestures to their infants. Frequent measures were taken of infant language development and dyadic interactions were scrutinized to assess mind‐mindedness. Infants exposed to gesture did not differ from control conditions on language outcomes; thus, no support was found for previous claims that encouraging gesturing with infants accelerates linguistic development. Microgenetic analysis revealed mothers in the gesture training conditions were more responsive to their infants' nonverbal cues and encouraged more independent action by their infant. 相似文献
3.
Grounded blends and mathematical gesture spaces: developing mathematical understandings via gestures
Caroline Yoon Michael O. J. Thomas Tommy Dreyfus 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,78(3):371-393
This paper examines how a person’s gesture space can become endowed with mathematical meaning associated with mathematical
spaces and how the resulting mathematical gesture space can be used to communicate and interpret mathematical features of
gestures. We use the theory of grounded blends to analyse a case study of two teachers who used gestures to construct a graphical
anti-derivative while working on a professional development task in a calculus modelling activity. Results indicate that mathematical
gesture spaces can encourage mathematical experimentation, lighten the cognitive load for students and can be limited by a
person’s physical constraints. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated whether seeing iconic gestures depicting verb referents promotes two types of generalization. We taught 3- to 4-year-olds novel locomotion verbs. Children who saw iconic manner gestures during training generalized more verbs to novel events (first-order generalization) than children who saw interactive gestures (Experiment 1, N = 48; Experiment 2, N = 48) and path-tracing gestures (Experiment 3, N = 48). Furthermore, immediately (Experiments 1 and 3) and after 1 week (Experiment 2), the iconic manner gesture group outperformed the control groups in subsequent generalization trials with different novel verbs (second-order generalization), although all groups saw interactive gestures. Thus, seeing iconic gestures that depict verb referents helps children (a) generalize individual verb meanings to novel events and (b) learn more verbs from the same subcategory. 相似文献
5.
Seokmin Kang Gregory L. Hallman Lisa K. Son John B. Black 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2013,22(6):825-837
Explanations are typically accompanied by hand gestures. While research has shown that gestures can help learners understand a particular concept, different learning effects in different types of gesture have been less understood. To address the issues above, the current study focused on whether different types of gestures lead to different levels of improvement in understanding. Two types of gestures were investigated, and thus, three instructional videos (two gesture videos plus a no gesture control) of the subject of mitosis—all identical except for the types of gesture used—were created. After watching one of the three videos, participants were tested on their level of understanding of mitosis. The results showed that (1) differences in comprehension were obtained across the three groups, and (2) representational (semantic) gestures led to a deeper level of comprehension than both beat gestures and the no gesture control. Finally, a language proficiency effect is discussed as a moderator that may affect understanding of a concept. Our findings suggest that a teacher is encouraged to use representational gestures even to adult learners, but more work is needed to prove the benefit of using gestures for adult learners in many subject areas. 相似文献
6.
This study examines the effects of teachers' speech and hand gestures on the task performances of students with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Forty‐five 7½‐year‐old students clinically diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study. The students were asked to solve three sets of puzzles. The teachers supported the students in the tasks by using three different scaffolding modalities: speech‐only, gesture‐only and speech in conjunction with gestures. The results indicate that when the teachers used the scaffolding that contained gesture components (either speech scaffolding in conjunction with gesture scaffolding or gesture‐only scaffolding), the ADHD students were more responsive, focused longer on the tasks and were more successful in completing the tasks. Moreover, teachers' representational and deictic gestures were found to be the most effective gestures in scaffolding. This study suggests that when teachers' hand gestures are used together with speech, they are a powerful pedagogical means to engage ADHD children in tasks. 相似文献
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Meagan R. Talbott Gregory S. Young Jeff Munson Annette Estes Laurie A. Vismara Sally J. Rogers 《Child development》2020,91(3):743-753
In typical development, gestures precede and predict language development. This study examines the developmental sequence of expressive communication and relations between specific gestural and language milestones in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who demonstrate marked difficulty with gesture production and language. Communication skills across five stages (gestures, word approximations, first words, gesture-word combinations, and two-word combinations) were assessed monthly by blind raters for toddlers with ASD participating in an randomized control trial of parent-mediated treatment (N = 42, 12–30 months). Findings revealed that toddlers acquired skills following a reliable (vs. idiosyncratic) sequence and the majority of toddlers combined gestures with words before combining words in speech, but in contrast to the pattern observed in typical development, a significant subset acquired pointing after first words. 相似文献
9.
To investigate the symbolic quality of preschoolers' gestural representations in the absence of real objects, 48 children (16 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) performed 2 tasks. In the first task, they were asked to pretend to use 8 common objects (e.g., "pretend to brush your teeth with a toothbrush"). There was an age-related progression in the symbolic quality of gestural representations. 3- and 4-year-olds used mostly body part gestures (e.g., using an extended finger as the toothbrush), whereas 5-year-olds used imaginary object gestures (e.g., pretending to hold an imaginary toothbrush). To determine if children's symbolic skill is sufficiently flexible to allow them to use gestures other than those spontaneously produced in the first task, in the second task children were asked to imitate, for each object, a gesture modeled by an experimenter. The modeled gesture was different from the one the child performed on the first task (e.g., if the child used a body part gesture to represent a particular object, the experimenter modeled an imaginary object gesture for that object). Ability to imitate modeled gestures was positively related to age but was also influenced by the symbolic mode of gesture. 3-year-olds could not imitate imaginary object gestures as well as body part gestures, suggesting that young preschoolers have difficulty performing symbolic acts that exceed their symbolic level even when the acts are modeled. Results from both tasks provide strong evidence for a developmental progression from concrete body part to more abstract imaginary object gestural representations during the preschool years. 相似文献
10.
Children who observe gesture while learning mathematics perform better than children who do not, when tested immediately after training. How does observing gesture influence learning over time? Children (n = 184, ages = 7–10) were instructed with a videotaped lesson on mathematical equivalence and tested immediately after training and 24 hr later. The lesson either included speech and gesture or only speech. Children who saw gesture performed better overall and performance improved after 24 hr. Children who only heard speech did not improve after the delay. The gesture group also showed stronger transfer to different problem types. These findings suggest that gesture enhances learning of abstract concepts and affects how learning is consolidated over time. 相似文献
11.
Juan Sebastian Herrera Eric M. Riggs 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1979-2003
Advances in cognitive science and educational research indicate that a significant part of spatial cognition is facilitated by gesture (e.g. giving directions, or describing objects or landscape features). We aligned the analysis of gestures with conceptual metaphor theory to probe the use of mental image schemas as a source of concept representations for students' learning of sedimentary processes. A hermeneutical approach enabled us to access student meaning-making from students' verbal reports and gestures about four core geological ideas that involve sea-level change and sediment deposition. The study included 25 students from three US universities. Participants were enrolled in upper-level undergraduate courses on sedimentology and stratigraphy. We used semi-structured interviews for data collection. Our gesture coding focused on three types of gestures: deictic, iconic, and metaphoric. From analysis of video recorded interviews, we interpreted image schemas in gestures and verbal reports. Results suggested that students attempted to make more iconic and metaphoric gestures when dealing with abstract concepts, such as relative sea level, base level, and unconformities. Based on the analysis of gestures that recreated certain patterns including time, strata, and sea-level fluctuations, we reasoned that proper representational gestures may indicate completeness in conceptual understanding. We concluded that students rely on image schemas to develop ideas about complex sedimentary systems. Our research also supports the hypothesis that gestures provide an independent and non-linguistic indicator of image schemas that shape conceptual development, and also play a role in the construction and communication of complex spatial and temporal concepts in the geosciences. 相似文献
12.
Thea Cameron-Faulkner Nivedita Malik Circle Steele Stefano Coretta Ludovica Serratrice Elena Lieven 《Child development》2021,92(1):273-290
Many Western industrialized nations have high levels of ethnic diversity but to date there are very few studies which investigate prelinguistic and early language development in infants from ethnic minority backgrounds. This study tracked the development of infant communicative gestures from 10 to 12 months (n = 59) in three culturally distinct groups in the United Kingdom and measured their relationship, along with maternal utterance frequency and responsiveness, to vocabulary development at 12 and 18 months. No significant differences were found in infant gesture development and maternal responsiveness across the groups, but relationships were identified between gesture, maternal responsiveness, and vocabulary development. 相似文献
13.
彭圆 《外语教学理论与实践》2016,153(2):62-69
话语与伴随手势的数量协同问题长期缺乏实证研究数据支持。在功能协同（同样的语义和语用功能）、结构协同（同在支架话序中）的前提下,本研究使用语料库量化研究方法,探讨了语力话语形式（powerful language forms）与其伴随手势的数量协同机制。研究结果发现,在相同教学功能语境之下,语力话语与伴随手势数量比小于1.3:1大于1:1.3之间时,能实现最佳的交际效果;反之,则会对交际效果产生消极作用。 相似文献
14.
It is well established that observing and producing gesture by a learner can enhance comprehension of verbal messages, including narratives. What is less well understood, however, is under which conditions gestures benefit comprehension most. This study examined the role of gesture observation and production in adult narrative comprehension, through investigating whether gesture production moderates the effect of gesture observation. Crucially, observing typical gestures, but not atypical gestures, significantly benefited narrative comprehension. Furthermore, no significant benefit of producing gestures was found, and there was no evidence that gesture production moderated the differential effects of observing typical and atypical gestures on narrative comprehension. Overall, the current study not only provides evidence that iconic gestures can benefit adult narrative comprehension, but also highlights under which conditions gestures are likely to be of benefit. 相似文献
15.
An experiment with 72 three-year-olds investigated whether encoding events while seeing iconic gestures boosts children's memory representation of these events. The events, shown in videos of actors moving in an unusual manner, were presented with either iconic gestures depicting how the actors performed these actions, interactive gestures, or no gesture. In a recognition memory task, children in the iconic gesture condition remembered actors and actions better than children in the control conditions. Iconic gestures were categorized based on how much of the actors was represented by the hands (feet, legs, or body). Only iconic hand-as-body gestures boosted actor memory. Thus, seeing iconic gestures while encoding events facilitates children's memory of those aspects of events that are schematically highlighted by gesture. 相似文献
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王西巧 《洛阳师范学院学报》2008,27(1):138-141
体语学是人类非言语交际研究中的一个重要分支学科。埃克曼和弗里森把体语分为五大类,即象征性动作、说明性动作、情绪表露动作、调节性动作、适应性动作,文章又补充一类,即表态性动作。在跨文化交际中,在语言不通的情况下,表态性动作比起专家们已列举出的前五类来说,显得更是至关重要。人体的各个部位有着发射不同信息的明确分工,双手、眼睛和面部是三个信息发射部位。人体语言的文化差异主要表现在三个方面:同一个信息在不同的国家或地区中用不同的手势或动作来表示;同一个手势或动作在不同的国家或地区有不同的含义;某些人体语言的手势和动作具有高度的地方性。 相似文献
18.
Laura J. Kuhn Michael T. Willoughby Makeba Parramore Wilbourn Lynne Vernon‐Feagans Clancy B. Blair The Family Life Project Key Investigators 《Child development》2014,85(5):1898-1914
Using an epidemiological sample (N = 1,117) and a prospective longitudinal design, this study tested the direct and indirect effects of preverbal and verbal communication (15 months to 3 years) on executive function (EF) at age 4 years. Results indicated that whereas gestures (15 months), as well as language (2 and 3 years), were correlated with later EF (φs ≥ .44), the effect was entirely mediated through later language. In contrast, language had significant direct and indirect effects on later EF. Exploratory analyses indicated that the pattern of results was comparable for low‐ and not‐low‐income families. The results were consistent with theoretical accounts of language as a precursor of EF ability, and highlighted gesture as an early indicator of EF. 相似文献
19.
Instructors often show rhythmic movements with speech in video lectures. However, the effects of these movements have not been tested in video lectures with an instructor and visual learning material. Results of Experiment 1 showed students in the beat gestures and head nods conditions showed significantly less attention to the visual learning material, more attention to the instructor, whereas in the beat gestures + head nods condition drew significantly more attention to both. In Experiment 2 we tested whether the complexity of the visual learning material moderated the effects of rhythmic movements on students’ learning. When the presentation was simple, students in the head nods + beat gestures condition showed more positive interaction, and significantly better recall and transfer. The results have implications for video designing: if an instructor and simple learning material are visible, she is encouraged to show beat gestures and head nods to mark important information. 相似文献
20.
Xiao-lei Wang Raquel Plotka 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2018,38(3):298-315
Idiom comprehension and production reflect a child’s language competence. Research suggests that there is a positive relationship between children’s reading comprehension skills and their idiom understanding. This study examines whether adult verbal scaffolding, in conjunction with the deliberate use of iconic gestures, can facilitate young bilingual children’s comprehension and retention of idiomatic expressions in their different languages. Twenty-three five-year-old English-Chinese bilingual children learned novel idioms across two experimental conditions. In Experiment 1, a native Chinese-speaking adult and a native English-speaking adult, respectively, taught children a set of Chinese and English idioms via speech only. In Experiment 2, the same adults, respectively, taught a different set of Chinese and English idioms via speech–gesture combinations. The results suggest that children could comprehend more idioms in both languages after being taught via the speech–gesture modality than the speech-only modality. They also tended to retain more idioms taught in the speech–gesture modality than in the speech-only modality in both languages. Moreover, those children who scored high in their idiom comprehension and retention also scored high both in their recast of the gestures used by the adults and in their rate of speech–gesture mismatches. Educational implications for early childhood settings are discussed. 相似文献