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1.
用电导法测定乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数是物理化学动力学部分的一个重要实验．电导率仪作为一种常用的电化学分析仪器有着广泛的用途,但使用中一般都需要手工绘制电导率——时间变化图,数据处理工作量大且准确度受到影响,这在一定程度上限制了电导测定方法的普遍应用．本实验采用手持技术仪器,通过计算机处理数据,具有定量、便携、实时、准确、直观、综合性强等特点,是实现改革扣发展的有效手段,也为深刻理解乙酸乙酯皂化反应提供了技术条件． 相似文献
2.
Gerhard Ertl, the German physical chemist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the year 2007, for his contributions
in the area of surface science. His painstaking work led to a microscopic understanding of heterogeneous catalysis in industrially
important chemical reactions. These include the Haber-Bosch process for the production of ammonia, and the catalytic oxidation
of carbon monoxide.
(left) R S Swathi is a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, working with Prof. K
L Sebastian. Her research interests include theoretical study of resonance energy transfer involving various donor-acceptor
systems.
(right) K L Sebastian is a Professor at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science. His
area of interest is theoretical chemistry. 相似文献
3.
Aneesur Rahman made seminal contributions to computational physics, the forerunner of the widespread application today of computation in the study of physical, chemical and biological phenomena. This year marks the 50th anniversary of his paper in 1964, which heralded the use of the molecular dynamics method, an essential tool for research in materials and biological sciences today, which he is most known for. A biography of Rahman, along with a summary of his scientific contributions is described below. 相似文献
4.
Katerina V. Thompson Jean Chmielewski Michael S. Gaines Christine A. Hrycyna William R. LaCourse 《CBE life sciences education》2013,12(2):162-169
The National Experiment in Undergraduate Science Education project funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute is a direct response to the Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians report, which urged a shift in premedical student preparation from a narrow list of specific course work to a more flexible curriculum that helps students develop broad scientific competencies. A consortium of four universities is working to create, pilot, and assess modular, competency-based curricular units that require students to use higher-order cognitive skills and reason across traditional disciplinary boundaries. Purdue University; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; and the University of Miami are each developing modules and case studies that integrate the biological, chemical, physical, and mathematical sciences. The University of Maryland, College Park, is leading the effort to create an introductory physics for life sciences course that is reformed in both content and pedagogy. This course has prerequisites of biology, chemistry, and calculus, allowing students to apply strategies from the physical sciences to solving authentic biological problems. A comprehensive assessment plan is examining students’ conceptual knowledge of physics, their attitudes toward interdisciplinary approaches, and the development of specific scientific competencies. Teaching modules developed during this initial phase will be tested on multiple partner campuses in preparation for eventual broad dissemination. 相似文献
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本文从中学化学教学实际和培养合格专业人才出发,提示了传统高师物理化学教学中存在的一个不可忽视的问题,并就为如何解决该问题揭示了一些明确的改革建议。 相似文献
7.
Although the participation by females in upper-level occupations and positions has expanded considerably in recent years, science is still considered a masculine career field. The results of this study show that only the physical sciences in particular (not science in general) are clearly viewed as masculine academic areas. Furthermore, the results suggest that the perception by girls of the physical sciences as masculine is much more likely to occur in coed classes than in all-female classes. The results can best be explained by two factors: (1) the attitudes conveyed by teachers and by society may predispose students toward a greater acceptance of women in biology than in the physical sciences; and (2) when girls perceive themselves as a deviant minority in physical science classes, their performance and preference for the physical sciences is reduced, perhaps because of competition and comparison with males. In all-female classes, however, girls are not a deviant minority, and therefore they are able to perform and develop preferences without inhibition. 相似文献
8.
Rekai Zenda 《Africa Education Review》2020,17(3):37-51
AbstractOver the last two decades, the rapid growth of learner enrolments in schools in most countries, including South Africa, has brought many challenges, such as a high learner-educator ratio (LER). The purpose of the study reported on was to explore an LER policy that can enhance learner academic achievement in physical sciences. Effective learning demands opportunities for learners to become actively involved in their physical sciences education. Thus, the physical sciences educator should not only act as a lecturer and transmitter of knowledge, but also as a facilitator, an enabler and an empowerer. The research used qualitative research and cultural-historical activity theory as the theoretical framework, viewing learning and teaching as a social process in which the interaction between the learners is the focus and smaller class size is transformative for both learners and educators. Data was collected from physical sciences teachers, principals and curriculum advisers through face-to-face interviews. The study concluded that large class sizes affect the implementation of practical activities and discipline may be adversely affected. Based on the findings of the study the following recommendation was made: the Department of Basic Education should reduce the LER to 30:1 or fewer learners in a class to allow for group activities and learner-centred science. 相似文献
9.
Kevin de Berg 《Science & Education》2014,23(10):2045-2068
Both Lavoisier and Priestley were committed to the role of experiment and observation in their chemistry practice. According to Lavoisier the physical sciences embody three important ingredients; facts, ideas, and language, and Priestley would not have disagreed with this. Ideas had to be consistent with the facts generated from experiment and observation and language needed to be precise and reflect the known chemistry of substances. While Priestley was comfortable with a moderate amount of hypothesis making, Lavoisier had no time for what he termed theoretical speculation about the fundamental nature of matter and avoided the use of the atomic hypothesis and Aristotle’s elements in his Elements of Chemistry. In the preface to this famous work he claims he has good educational reasons for this position. While Priestley and Lavoisier used similar kinds of apparatus in their chemistry practice, they came to their task with completely different worldviews as regards the nature of chemical reactivity. This paper examines these worldviews as practiced in the famous experiment on the composition of air and the implications of this for chemistry education are considered. 相似文献
10.
埃米尔·菲舍尔,杰出的化学家和生物学家,在19世纪末20世纪初对糖、嘌呤、蛋白质、立体化学等进行了大量的基础性研究,1902年获诺贝尔化学奖．笔者介绍了菲舍尔的生平、科学成就以及他对德国化学工业的影响． 相似文献
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Dr. Yoram Neumann 《Research in higher education》1979,10(2):123-138
This study examines the relationship between some facets of organizational climate in university departments and faculty attitudes toward various aspects of faculty unionization. The dimensions of organizational climate explored are: the perceived power structure, assessment of rewards, and perceived organizational goals. The major findings of this study are: (a) The perceived power structure is an important determinant of attitudes toward an egalitarian system, especially in the social sciences. Perceived individual power is negatively related to egalitarian attitude in the physical sciences whereas perceived faculty group power is negatively related to favorable attitudes toward collective bargaining in the social sciences. (b) Perceived emphasis on consulting activities is positively related to attitudes toward seniority-based aspects of collective bargaining in the physical sciences while perceived emphasis on personal factors is positively related to all aspects of attitude toward collective bargaining in the social sciences. (c) Inequity is positively related to attitudes toward unionization both in the physical and social sciences. The policy implications of these findings to faculty and university administration are discussed. 相似文献
13.
陈明元 《贵州教育学院学报》2001,12(2):18-20
根据乙酸乙酯制备实验的操作方法 ,探讨实验的化学反应动力学原理、动力学方程及其使用条件和有关计算。使用的动力学方程计算结果与实际相近 相似文献
14.
While there is sufficient evidence to suggest that physical activity is inversely related to lifestyle diseases, researchers are far from being certain that this evidence extends to children. Nevertheless, the school physical education curriculum has been targeted as an institutional agency that could have a significant impact on health during childhood and later during adulthood if individuals could be habituated to assume a physically active lifestyle. The purpose of this article is to examine the recontextualization of biomedical knowledge into an ideology of healthism in which health is conceived as a controllable certainty and used as a pedagogical construction to transform school physical education. Using a Foucauldian perspective, we explore how the atomized biomedical model of chemical and physical relationships is constructed, reproduced, and perpetuated to service and empower the discourse and the practices of researchers and scholars. In this process the sociological or cultural aspects of public health are marginalized or ignored. As a result of this examination, alternative approaches are proposed that engage the limitations of the biomedical model and openly consider the insights that are available from the social sciences regarding what participation in physical activity means to individuals. 相似文献
15.
根据物理化学实验中的15个化学实验开发研制的图像拟合和数据处理程序,为解决物化实验处理过程中计算复杂、做图粗糙和误差偏大等影响最终结果的问题,以Visual studio 2008为前台开发工具,以一个跨平台的关系数据库系统Firebird为数据库,采用数值分析中的三次样条插值法、最小二乘法、冒泡排序法和Smoothing Spline等算法拟合函数图像及ZedGraph的绘图功能,简单快捷地实现了函数和图像的拟合,使用起来灵活简单而且易操作,是集数据输入输出、数据处理、函数图像拟合、数据保存和水晶报表打印等功能为一体的数据处理系统。系统不但很大程度上减轻了用户的工作量,而且尽可能小地减少了人为因素造成的数据误差。 相似文献
16.
自从牛顿提出万有引力理论以后,科学家们就开始了用实验的方法测定万有引力常数G值的努力.介绍了几个著名的G值测定实验,其中英国物理学家和化学家亨利·卡文迪许的实验具有开创性的重要意义.该项实验设计精巧,具有相当高的精确度,在历史上影响很深,至今对学习者仍有较强的指导作用. 相似文献
17.
Roberta J. Park 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):191-200
Numerous and much needed scientific and scholarly improvements have occurred in physical education since the 1960s. The increased specialization, while absolutely necessary for advancing knowledge, has at times been accompanied by the attitude that only certain subdisciplinary areas are important. In general, history and social science areas have been neglected within departments of physical education. Many leading historians have looked to other social sciences, and occasionally to the biological sciences, for insights into the past; an increasing number have written on topics that fall within sport and even within physical education history. The tendency to assign history classes in departments of physical education to faculty who are not themselves productive researchers is criticized. Because so few departments of physical education offer graduate research degrees in history, this subdisciplinary area is in jeopardy. An inadequate understanding of the intellectual origins of professional physical education may also contribute to what seems to be an inability to resolve the specialization/fragmentation issue. 相似文献
18.
Annick Weil-Barais Marie-Geneviève Séré Jean-Claude Landier 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1986,1(3):9-30
This research studies the evolution in taking into account the constancy of a quantity of air. It is studied following a didactic sequence aiming at helping the students to be conscious of the variation of physical dimensions different from volume, when describing the state of gas. The experiment has been carried out in a class of 21 students (10–11 years old). Important improvements are stated. They are analysed according to the didactic sequence and the physical experiments proposed in the evaluation test used for the research. The interpretation of the results concerns the knowledge about gas acquired by the students during the didactic sequence. The reference to the Piagetian theory in the field of teaching experimental sciences is discussed. 相似文献
19.
马利纳克(1817—1894)，瑞士化学家，日内瓦大学教授(1841—1878)，以测定30种元素原子量及结晶学与稀土元素的研究著称，发现镱(1878)、钆(1880)，研究铌、钽、钨化合物及一些有关物理化学问题． 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACTIn this article, we reflect on the contributions of the social sciences to the field of adapted physical activity by examining the theories and methods that have been adopted from the social science disciplines. To broaden our perspective on adapted physical activity and provide new avenues for theoretical and empirical exploration, we discuss and evaluate broad ideas/tensions arising from the social science literature—the individual versus social/ecological, and social science of adapted physical activity versus social science in adapted physical activity. We intentionally focus discussion on the application of specific lines of inquiry in the social sciences that have not yet emerged (or have done so only in limited applications) in the field of adapted physical activity. Such untapped areas of scholarship in the social sciences can lead to broader understanding, innovations, and new lines of inquiry when applied to an adapted physical activity context. 相似文献