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1.
知识是人类智力劳动的产物,知识的生产与创造往往伴随着科研工作者系统的科学研究工作。现代科学的精细化发展、科研领域的复杂性与交叉趋势给科学知识的生产与创造活动提出了新的挑战。面向科研的网络社区为学科专家的协同科研与知识生产活动提供了新的环境,而专家知识的生产行为也体现出鲜明的个体、团队、群体的层次性特征。Abstract： Knowledge is the outcome of mankind＇s intelligent labor.The production and creation of knowledge is always accompanied by the systematic scientific research work of the scientific research personnel.The refined development of modern science and the tendency of the complexity and intersection of scientific research domains bring new challenges to the production and creation of scientific knowledge.Scientific research-oriented network community provides a new environment for the subject experts’activities of collaborative scientific research and knowledge production,while the experts’knowledge production behavior also embodies the distinct hierarchical characteristics of individual,team and group. 相似文献
2.
信息集成服务管理论要 总被引：25，自引：9，他引：25
Beginning with the thought on the development of scientific and technical information in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the paper briefly discusses the concept, task, management and systematic structure of information integrated service from the viewpoint of information management. 相似文献
3.
本文提出了基于用户分析的信息资源建设研究框架,并对其内容进行了详细论述。在此基础上,利用NSTL历年用户数据展开了实证研究,结果表明用户分析能对信息资源建设提供强有力的决策支撑,使资源建设工作更加合理和科学。Abstract： This paper proposes a research framework of information resources construction based on user analysis,and discusses its content in detail.On this basis,an empirical study is carried out by the use of the annual user data in NSTL.The results show that user analysis can provide a powerful decision support for information resources construction,and make its work more rational and scientific. 相似文献
4.
文章首先对我国现有信息服务模式的局限性与缺位现象进行探讨,并基于美国学者R.J.Sternberg的＂创造力投资理论＂论述完善的信息服务模式对人文社会科学创新的重要性。在此基础上提出一种面向科研的信息服务相关性模型。最后对构建信息服务新模式提出自己的一些看法。Abstract： This paper first discusses the limitations and vacancies of the existing information service mode in China. Based on the American scholar Robert J. Sternberg＇s Creativity Investment Theory,the paper discusses the importance of perfect information service mode to innovation of Humanities and Social Science. On this basis,an information service-related model oriented to scientific research is proposed. Finally,the paper gives some ideas of how to construct the new information service mode. 相似文献
5.
Web2.0信息半衰期测度和影响因素研究是网络信息老化研究的重要内容之一。本文在对国内外网络信息老化研究回顾的基础上,提出Web2.0信息半衰期与网络资源自身属性、网络资源的权威性、受关注度、资源主题领域、更新速度、资源多媒体类型等因素有关。同时本文以美味书签网站为例进行实证研究,得出书签信息的半衰期是557天;五大类域名半衰期长短排序为.com〈.net〈.gov〈.org〈.edu;网页深度增加,半衰期减少;导航型网页比内容型网页半衰期长;半衰期与总收藏数符合幂函数分布。最后指出本项研究的局限性及需要进一步研究的问题。Abstract： Research on Web2.0 information half life measurement and its impact factors is one of the important aspects of Internet information ageing research.Based on the review of the research on Internet information ageing at home and abroad,this paper points out that Web2.0 information half life is related with the following factors： Internet resources＇ own attribute,Internet resources＇ authority,popularity,subject area and updating rate,and multimedia types ofresources.Then,taking the Website delicious,com for example,the paper makes an empirical study and comes to the following conclusions： the half life of bookmarks on delicious,com is 557 days;the half life of 5 top-level domains in length order is.com .net .gov .org .edu;the half life decreases with the increase of Webpage depth;the navigation Webpage has a longer half life than the content Webpage;and the half life and the total collection number are in line with the power function distribution.Finally,the paper points out the limitations of the research and the problems which need to be further studied. 相似文献
6.
基层科技信息工作如何应对信息集成时代的到来 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In accordance with the opportunities and challenges confronted by the basic-level scientific and technical information in the information integration environment, this article points out that the primary task of the basic-level scientific and technical information organization is to control information communication effectively and make the best use of information. 相似文献
7.
信息伦理学研究中若干问题的思考 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The further development of information ethics needs to solve some important ethic problems involved with disciplinary construction. These problems include the cause of the formation of information ethics; the research method,attribution and features of information ethics; the connotation and systematic structure of information ethics; the enlightenment we gain from the studies of the guiding principles of information ethics in foreign countries. The scientific analysis and exposition of these problems are helpful to the prosperity and perfection of information ethics and to the construction of social information ethics. 相似文献
8.
The activities of the government can be described as reporting the feelings of the people (receiving infor-mation), making policies (processing information) and issuing government orders (sending out information). This is a typical course of information processing. If we can successively trail and scientifically measure this information course, we will be able to appraise the performance of the government in a scientific way. The development of government informatiza-tion and e-government is providing such a kind of appraisement for the government. The paper mainly discusses the possi-bilities of informetric analysis of the e-government. Methods for such analysis are also described. 相似文献
9.
10.
论信息资源与现代资源观 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Modern outlook on resources is the scientific foundation and theoretical premise to the establishment of in-formation resources management theory, and information resources is the No. 1 concept in the theoretical system of informa-lion resources management, rib.is article conducts a synthetical research on them from infommfion resources management science, economics and linguistics respectively. 相似文献
11.
[目的/意义]探究群体规模对青少年协同信息查寻认知的影响,为青少年协同信息查寻研究提供新视角,也为青少年协同信息查寻任务合适群体规模的选取等实践操作提出指导建议.[方法/过程]将82名青少年划分为不同群体规模,采用模拟实验和问卷调查收集数据,并进行单因素多变量方差分析.[结果/结论]不同群体规模的青少年协同信息查寻在情... 相似文献
12.
Collaborative information seeking: The combined activity of information seeking and collaborative grounding 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Since common ground is pivotal to collaboration, this paper proposes to define collaborative information seeking as the combined activity of information seeking and collaborative grounding. While information-seeking activities are necessary for collaborating actors to acquire new information, the activities involved in information seeking are often performed by varying subgroups of actors. Consequently, collaborative grounding is necessary to share information among collaborating actors and, thereby, establish and maintain the common ground necessary for their collaborative work. By focusing on the collaborative level, collaborative information seeking aims to avoid both individual reductionism and group reductionism, while at the same time recognizing that only some information and understanding need be shared. 相似文献
13.
Most social Q&A sites are designed to support solo searchers who access the aggregated opinions of other users, and ask and answer questions of their own. The purpose of this paper is to show how users in one social Q&A community defy system constraints to engage in brief, informal episodes of collaborative information seeking called microcollaborations. A brief literature review is presented, suggesting a view of information seeking as a combination of problem-centered information seeking, technological affordances and constraints, and social and affective factors. The results of content and transaction log analyses of user interactions suggest that topics of collaboration share a common threshold of complexity and invite responses containing both fact and opinion. Analysis also revealed that key elements in predicting a collaborative instance involve social capital and affective factors unrelated to the topic of the collaboration. Suggestions for supporting future lightweight microcollaborations, and implications for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
14.
[目的/意义]健康信息搜索对改善人们的健康水平具有重要作用。近年来由非医学专业人士辅助他人搜索健康信息的现象受到了学者的关注,对这一现象的研究将有助于弥合数字不平等对人们健康信息获取造成的差异。[方法/过程]以国外已有的相关研究成果为基础,梳理健康信息替代搜索的概念内涵和理论基础,并从现有文献的研究方法、影响因素和行为特征三个方面对健康信息替代搜索的知识体系进行分析,最后从理论研究和实践探索两个维度进行前沿展望。[结果/结论]研究发现,国外现有的健康信息替代搜索大多局限于现象层面的分析,对主体参与动机、信息交换过程和效果机制的研究都不够深入,我国图书情报领域的学者在这一研究方向上有进一步探索的空间。 相似文献
15.
Collaborative information seeking is integral to many professional activities. In hospital work, the medication process encompasses continual seeking for information and collaborative grounding of information. This study investigates breakdowns in collaborative information seeking through analyses of the use of the electronic medication record adopted in a Danish healthcare region and of the reports of 5 years of medication incidents at Danish hospitals. The results show that breakdowns in collaborative information seeking is a major source of medication incidents, that most of these breakdowns are breakdowns in collaborative grounding rather than information seeking, that the medication incidents mainly concern breakdowns in the use of records as opposed to oral communication, that the breakdowns span multiple degrees of separation between clinicians, and that the electronic medication record has introduced risks of new kinds of breakdown in collaborative information seeking. In working to prevent and recover from breakdowns in the seeking and sharing of information a focus on collaborative information seeking will point toward collaborative, organizational, and systemic reasons for breakdown and areas for improvement, rather than toward individual error. 相似文献
16.
回顾了与信息搜寻(information seeking)和搜索(information search)环境(context)及情境(situation)相关的研究,阐述人们对环境和情境的理解。作为环境或情境的重要要素,工作任务(work tasks)已成为信息行为相关研究的起点。文章论述了工作任务的定义,并将相关研究概括为直接研究和间接研究,以帮助理解该领域的研究途径和方式,促进其在中国的发展。 相似文献
17.
This research focuses specifically on uncertainty and information seeking in a digital environment. In this research we argue that different types of uncertainty are associated with the information seeking process and that, with the proliferation of new and different search tools, sources and channels, uncertainty, positive/desirable or negative/undesirable, continues to be a significant factor in the search process. Users may feel uncertain at any stage of the information search and retrieval process and uncertainty may remain even after completion of the process resulting in what may be called persistent uncertainty. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from users in the higher education sector. There were three parts to the questionnaire focusing on: information seeking activities, information seeking problems, and access to specific information channels or sources. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data collected through the online questionnaire. A total of 668 responses were returned from the chosen user categories of academic staff, research staff and research students. This research has shown that there are some information seeking activities and information seeking problems that are the most common causes of uncertainty among significant number of users from different disciplines, age, gender, ICT skills, etc. This is also the case with respect to access to and use of specific information sources/channels, although the degrees of uncertainty in relation are relatively small. Possible implications of this study and further research issues are indicated. 相似文献
18.
Professional work is often regulated by procedures that shape the information seeking involved in performing a task. Yet, research on professionals’ information seeking tends to bypass procedures and depict information seeking as an informal activity. In this study we analyze two healthcare tasks governed by procedures: triage and timeouts. While information seeking is central to both procedures, we find that the coordinating nurses rarely engage in information seeking when they triage patients. Inversely, the physicians value convening for timeouts to seek information. To explain these findings we distinguish between junior and expert professionals and between uncertain and equivocal tasks. The triage procedure specifies which information to retrieve but expert professionals such as the coordinating nurses tend to perform triage, which is an uncertain task, by holistic pattern recognition rather than information seeking. For timeouts, which target an equivocal task, the procedure facilitates information seeking by creating a space for open-ended collaborative reflection. Both junior and expert physicians temporarily suspend patient treatment in favor of this opportunity to reflect on their actions, though partly for different reasons. We discuss implications for models of professionals’ information seeking. 相似文献
19.
[目的/意义]作为健康信息的一种,在线医评信息对用户医疗决策十分重要。研究用户查寻在线医评信息的过程,挖掘存在的障碍,有助于优化医评网站设计、促进医生在线服务和满足用户健康信息查寻需求。[方法/过程]采用检索实验、内容分析、发声思考和问卷调查等方法,从查寻表现、查寻阶段和查寻障碍3个方面分析在线医评信息这一特定情景下用户的查寻行为及存在问题。[结果/结论]结果显示教育水平和健康信息检索技能与在线医评信息查寻表现正向相关。在线医评信息查寻过程模型包括医生初筛、医评信息检索、浏览、对比、验证和利用6个阶段。健康信息检索技能和甄别能力弱、医评网站评论数量少、医院官网和医评网站可用性差以及医评网站与线下医疗服务融合程度低是影响用户查寻在线医评信息的主要障碍。 相似文献
20.
社会合作信息查寻与检索:机制、模型与特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过典型人肉搜索案例"辽宁女事件"的剖析,揭示人肉搜索的社会合作信息查寻与检索性质;基于该案例分析社会合作信息查寻与检索过程机制,抽象出社会合作查寻与检索的框架模型。概括总结了社会合作查寻与检索的基本特征:搜索主体的群体自主性,搜索对象的全面性,搜索过程的迭代反馈相干性和智能性,搜索结果的准确适用性,以及去中心性、共享性及自组织性,并进一步讨论了社会合作信息查寻与检索代表的两种搜索发展模式:以人际关系为基础的智能化搜索模式,以正反馈累积为动力的"再中心化"自组织模式。 相似文献