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1.
Abstract

Forty-six adult women were classified as career women or homemaker", then administered an array of 200 Items from the OPI. It was hypothesized that an inverted factor analysis of the Ss' responses to the OPI would disclose that the two groups were of basically different personality types. No groups of career women were discovered. However, with regard to the homemakers, two distinguishable types were produced, one being characterized by an “active-practical-social” orientation, and the other group by a “passive-theoretical-nonsocial”, orientation.

It was concluded that it may be possible to distinguish between career women and homemakers on a typological basis, and the implications of such a possibility were discussed.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

This article describes the development of a therapeutic paradigm through the course of the author's career as a college psychotherapist. The paradigm that is described incorporates a variety of (sometimes disparate) theories, hut is essentially psychoanalytic. The paradigm is viewed by the author as a dynamic process that is subject to change and elaboration as the therapist's understanding of social and psychological factors grows and undergoes refinement.  相似文献   

3.

This paper presents results from a study of the career decision making of undergraduate women. Drawing on focus-group interviews with women (N 85) in their first year of full-time study at a large Canadian university, the discussion focuses on how ideas about balancing family and career commitments and interpretations of the university environment influence career choices. Two important observations are supported by the data. The first is that the educational and career options of female undergraduates are still constrained by traditional conceptions of women's responsibilities for household management and child rearing- elements of domestic ideology that they often find difficult to acknowledge. Second, women continue to encounter the university as a gendered site of learning; they are confronted by an informal culture that both marginalizes them and reinforces their perceptions that seeking vocational equality entails high risks.  相似文献   

4.
This paper focuses upon the career attitudes and experiences of a group of women deputies in one LEA. It sets out to explore their construct of ‘career’ and asks, in particular, whether this matches that of the ‘career ambitious’ teacher sketched out in the research literature. The findings, based on in‐depth interviews, suggest that this is not the case. Few of the women deputies, for instance, claimed to have followed specific career plans or consciously participated in ‘career games’. A number of possible explanations are explored, and some interesting tensions noted. Does it perhaps hinge on the external circumstances that impact on women's careers? Is it an expression of women's allegiance to a value system which defines ‘career success’ in quite different ways? Is it a consequence of the nature of the role itself and the separate career track followed by senior women teachers in this authority? The biographical accounts of these deputies provide no easy answers, but rather serve to illustrate the complexity of women's career experiences.  相似文献   

5.
Women constitute a very small minority of the full time academic staff in British universities and are concentrated in the lower grades. Statistical evidence points to the fact that an important reason for this is that discrimination exists within the academic profession. However, there is very little empirical information on the nature of this discrimination and the institutional processes that serve to maintain it. The study reported here seeks to identify and illuminate these processes through the experiences and perceptions of women academics themselves. A total of 43 women were interviewed at length using a semi‐structured interview schedule, exploring issues such as recruitment and selection, probation, career development, appraisal, positions of power and the roles of women academics. It is suggested, in this paper, that we can begin to understand some of the factors which limit women's access to, and success within the profession by examining the evidence of women who have survived within the system.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Three hundred forty-three students at a small urban northeastern college rated their needs for counseling assistance on fifty-three personal, learning and career issues. Strongest areas of concern included financial stresses, academic perfonriance, career development, relationship skills, bereavement and the fear of getting AIDS. Gender and racial groups are compared and implications for counseling center service delivery are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
ABSTRACT

During the course of a career, community college administrators are engaged in activities that are believed to enhance their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Career-related activities such as furthering one's education, participating in professional development activities, and cultivating mentoring relationships may impact the career advancement of administrators. They may also provide opportunities for administrators to grow and develop as leaders. Using social and human capital as a theoretical lens, this article provides an increased understanding of the types of formal and informal activities that senior community college administrators participate in, as well as their perceptions of whether these activities are important for career advancement and development. It also further explores the role that mentors play in the lives of administrators. Findings reveal that administrators in this study participated in a variety of professional development activities both off- and on-campus, and a majority of administrators indicated that they had a mentor in higher education. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

9.

This study examines the effects of education on the career paths of Texas law enforcement officers holding advanced or specialized positions. It addresses the distribution of officers by rank and by assignment pattern, and the variance in career paths explained by respondents' education. Findings show that higher education reduces time required for movement in rank and assignment to specialized positions and was positively correlated to promotion into supervisory and administrative posts. Implications are that higher education will enhance an officer's probability of rising to the top regardless of whether the agency requires a college degree as a precondition of employment.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
Abstract

This article provides a theoretical foundation for understanding women's technical skill development (TSD) in outdoor adventure. An examination of societal and biological factors influencing women's TSD focuses on gender role socialization, sense of competence, technical conditioning, sexism, spatial ability, and risk-taking. The article suggests leadership and instructional strategies for facilitating technical skill competency for women in outdoor education.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

This paper traces the history of the participation of women in education and the teaching profession to the mid‐nineteenth century when Western education was Introduced in Nigeria. It shows how cultural and religious traditions as well as economic factors prevented the effective involvement of women in teaching. The author then examines the increasing recruitment of women into teaching and the trend in the teachers’ colleges where women's enrolment often outstrips that of men. Research evidence reveals that reasons for this development are due neither to improved teaching service conditions nor to a growing interest in the profession. The main reason is the desire to use certificates from Colleges of Education for easier entry into universities to obtain degrees and Jobs, often outside teaching. The administrative and professional implications of the situation are discussed and recommendations made to meet the challenge.  相似文献   

13.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):117-126

This study explored undergraduates' views of teaching as a career choice. A total of 298 students completed a questionnaire in which they were asked to rate the importance of 20 factors in influencing their choice of career, and then the extent to which they thought teaching as a career offers these factors. A comparison was made between the views expressed by three groups of students: those who were definitely not considering teaching (N = 102), those who were seriously considering teaching (N = 40), and those who were undecided (N = 155). All three groups rated 'a job that I will find enjoyable' as the most important factor influencing their choice of career. However, as we move from the 'definitely not considering teaching' group towards the 'seriously considering teaching' group, there was a shift towards rating as important in their choice of a career those factors which teaching more evidently offers and a more favourable rating that teaching offers these factors (e.g. 'a job which gives me responsibility', 'a job where I can contribute to society' and 'job mobility'). The students who reported that they could be encouraged to consider teaching as a career were also asked to consider measures that might do so. The most highly rated measure was 'an increase in the quality of resources for teaching'.  相似文献   

14.
Studies which have investigated the influence of education on adult earnings are almost exclusively concerned with men and take little account of family influences on either education or later earnings. Those studies which have information on women's earnings focus on gender differentials rather than differences between women in opportunities and outcomes. This paper which examines the influence of education and family background on the midlife earnings of a national cohort of British women born immediately after the Second World War is an attempt to redress this situation. It shows that the few women who were able to take full advantage of the expansion in educational opportunities and achieve high educational qualifications earned significantly more in adult life than less educated females. Family background played an important role, both through its effect on early educational achievement and attitude to school work, which in turn influenced the type of secondary school attended and the achievement of educational qualifications, and also by well‐educated mothers raising their daughter's career expectations or providing successful role models. In adult life, employment characteristics which indicated a long‐term commitment to full‐time work and the decision not to have children, or to delay childbearing, were also important predictors of later economic success in this cohort, but did not explain the prior effects of education and family background. Advanced educational qualifications were the key to economic success for women bom in the early post‐war period.  相似文献   

15.
Summary

Music appreciation deals with the development and application of that general factor in aesthetic judgments described in the main by Burt and Eysenck. This has little to do with appreciation in terms of the assessments of Wing et al.

For purposes of identification one might describe seven basic approaches in teaching method. Though each method has its place in success, two methods seem to promise the better result. These methods, the ‘Activity’ and the ‘General discriminative’ might be profitably supplemented by the other five.

The effect of a student's appreciation of music is likely to be reflected in his personality and might be termed a measure. It is therefore likely that by studying a student's musical preferences the teacher might better understand his personality which in turn might facilitate sound appreciation of music.  相似文献   

16.

Educators assume a positive relationship between epistemological development and learning. But our understanding of this relationship is limited because it focuses mostly on higher education, and supporting data are biased by gender, ethnicity, and geography. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that encourage changes in Malaysian women's epistemology. Within a cultural framework, two questions guide this study: (a) How does higher education stimulate changes in epistemology in other cultural contexts, and (b) What factors other than higher education encourage changes in epistemology? Based on constant comparative analysis of in-depth interviews with 14 Malaysian women, the author identified three cultural factors that encourage transformation of thinking and knowing: family support of education for women and girls, formal and informal learning experiences, and extended international opportunities. Epistemological development occurs as a woman negotiates conflict between her cultural and personal models of self.  相似文献   

17.

This paper sets out to examine and explain the reasons why there are relatively few female secondary headteachers in England and Wales. Research relating to women in management has been mainly qualitative, but the data on which this paper is based are drawn from a large scale questionnaire survey which was sent to all the female headteachers in England and Wales, and which achieved a 70 per cent response rate. The issues covered include: demographic characteristics: career constraints associated with domestic commitments; overt and covert discrimination in the workplace and the reasons that the respondents gave for their own success. The author concludes that despite minor changes, there is a continuing and high level of discrimination faced by women who aspire to senior management in education.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Although globalisation's influences on education have contributed to cultural evolution, economic development and social progress, they also have generated mixed reactions among Muslim populations. This article shows how globalisation has facilitated the infiltration of Western culture into Muslim societies through modern educational modes. Some conservative Muslim communities perceive this infiltration as a threat to Islamic values, creating a culture of fear. Combined with decades of colonisation, social injustice, and defeat, this fear has triggered a state of hatred and anger motivating the rise of extremism, terrorism, and retaliatory attacks on education.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

This paper describes and analyses the fate of an educational innovation, namely the mainstreaming of hearing impaired children into a primary school. Set in the context of recent State policy, it is a critical case study of a ‘caring’ organization staffed by ‘professionals’ engaged in work upon children with special needs. The data presented are derived from ethnographic interview with a specially qualified teacher of the hearing impaired. Primarily, it explores the teacher's interaction with her male headteacher, from her perspective. Conflict developed between the two around the meaning of integration, and the use of the hearing impaired children as a resource to preserve the school, at a time of threatened closure. Eventually, there was a polarized antipathy between teacher and head; and a consequent teacher career failure and head career success, resulting in the ultimate resignation of the teacher. As such, the paper is a critique of the socially oppressive schooling of those children deemed to have special needs.  相似文献   

20.
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