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1.
Our main goal in this study was to explore whether the use of models in molecular genetics instruction in high school can contribute to students' understanding of concepts and processes in genetics. Three comparable groups of 11th and 12th graders participated: The control group (116 students) was taught in the traditional lecture format, while the others received instructions which integrated a bead model (71 students), or an illustration model (71 students). Similar instructions and the same guiding questions accompanied the two models. We used three instruments: a multiple‐choice and an open‐ended written questionnaire, as well as personal interviews. Five of the multiple‐choice questions were also given to students before receiving their genetics instruction (pretest). We found that students who used one of the two types of models improved their knowledge in molecular genetics compared to the control group. However, the open‐ended questions revealed that bead model activity was significantly more effective than illustration activity. On the basis of these findings we conclude that, though it is advisable to use a three‐dimensional model, such as the bead model, engaging students in activities with illustrations can still improve their achievement in comparison to traditional instruction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 500–529, 2006 相似文献
2.
This research investigated the effect of reflective discussions following inquiry‐based laboratory activities on students' views of the tentative, empirical, subjective, and social aspects of nature of science (NOS). Thirty‐eight grade six students from a Lebanese school participated in the study. The study used a pretest–posttest control‐group design and focused on collecting mainly qualitative data. During each laboratory session, students worked in groups of two. Later, experimental group students answered open‐ended questions about NOS then engaged in reflective discussions about NOS. Control group students answered open‐ended questions about the content of the laboratory activities then participated in discussions of results of these activities. Data sources included an open‐ended questionnaire used as pre‐ and posttest, answers to the open‐ended questions that experimental group students answered individually during every session, transcribed videotapes of the reflective discussions of the experimental group, and semi‐structured interviews. Results indicated that explicit and reflective discussions following inquiry‐based laboratory activities enhanced students' views of the target NOS aspects more than implicit inquiry‐based instruction. Moreover, implicit inquiry‐based instruction did not substantially enhance the students' target NOS views. This study also identified five major challenges that students faced in their attempts to change their NOS views. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1229–1252, 2010 相似文献
3.
Yosi Rotbain Gili Marbach-Ad Ruth Stavy 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(1):49-58
We present an active way to use a computer animation in secondary molecular genetics class. For this purpose we developed
an activity booklet that helps students to work interactively with a computer animation which deals with abstract concepts
and processes in molecular biology. The achievements of the experimental group were compared with those of a control group
by means of a written questionnaire, which the students received right after the molecular genetics instruction. Analysis
of the post-test showed that the mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean score of the
control group. This positive trend was also reflected in personal interviews. 相似文献
4.
Mohammed K. Khalil Debbie L. Kirkley Jonathan D. Kibble 《Anatomical sciences education》2013,6(5):342-350
This article describes the development of an interactive computer‐based laboratory manual, created to facilitate the teaching and learning of medical histology. The overarching goal of developing the manual is to facilitate self‐directed group interactivities that actively engage students during laboratory sessions. The design of the manual includes guided instruction for students to navigate virtual slides, exercises for students to monitor learning, and cases to provide clinical relevance. At the end of the laboratory activities, student groups can generate a laboratory report that may be used to provide formative feedback. The instructional value of the manual was evaluated by a questionnaire containing both closed‐ended and open‐ended items. Closed‐ended items using a five‐point Likert‐scale assessed the format and navigation, instructional contents, group process, and learning process. Open‐ended items assessed student's perception on the effectiveness of the manual in facilitating their learning. After implementation for two consecutive years, student evaluation of the manual was highly positive and indicated that it facilitated their learning by reinforcing and clarifying classroom sessions, improved their understanding, facilitated active and cooperative learning, and supported self‐monitoring of their learning. Anat Sci Educ 6: 342–350. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
5.
Fang‐Ying Yang 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1345-1364
This study examined 10th‐grade students' use of theory and evidence in evaluating a socio‐scientific issue: the use of underground water, after students had received a Science, Technology and Society‐oriented instruction. Forty‐five male and 45 female students from two intact, single‐sex, classes participated in this study. A flow‐map method was used to assess the participants' conceptual knowledge. The reasoning mode was assessed using a questionnaire with open‐ended questions. Results showed that, although some weak to moderate associations were found between conceptual organization in memory and reasoning modes, the students' ability to incorporate theory and evidence was in general inadequate. It was also found that students' reasoning modes were consistent with their epistemological perspectives. Moreover, male and female students appear to have different reasoning approaches. 相似文献
6.
Janis A. Bulgren Janet G. Marquis Donald D. Deshler B. Keith Lenz Jean B. Schumaker 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2013,28(4):156-169
This purpose of the study was to determine the effects of teachers using the Question Exploration Routine (QER) in regularly scheduled secondary‐level English Language Arts classes to help students answer questions about the development and use of main ideas in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Questions were posed in both multiple‐choice and written formats. On average, students representing diverse groups who received instruction with the QER correctly answered a significantly higher percentage of total questions than students receiving traditional lecture‐discussion instruction (effect sizes were very large). Results are reported for total scores, subscores of multiple‐choice and written responses, and for responses of subgroups of students. Students’ mean satisfaction and confidence responses are reported. 相似文献
7.
Differences in family factors in determining academic achievement were investigated by testing 432 parents in nine independent, coeducational Melbourne schools. Schools were ranked and categorized into three groups (high, medium and low), based on student achievement (ENTER) scores in their final year of secondary school and school improvement indexes. Parents completed a questionnaire investigating their attitudes towards the school environment, their aspirations, expectations, encouragement and interest in their child’s education (adapted from scales constructed by Marjoribanks). They also responded to six open‐ended questions on their attitudes to achievement and to their (child’s) school. Multiple regression analyses revealed that parental expectations of their children’s educational level made the strongest unique prediction of high achievement followed by the length of time they had maintained their expectations. Limitations discussed include the disparity in meaning associated with the definition of school success and whether these results can be generalized to all students considering the biased sample (socio‐economic status). 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to examine the lack of participation of Asian‐Australian students in humanities courses in contrast with students of other nationalities. In addition, this study investigated the difficulties faced by Asian‐Australian students in humanities courses. Focus group interviews were conducted with groups of Asian students to explore reasons for course choices and a questionnaire was developed out of interview responses. The questionnaire, in the form of closed‐ and open‐ended questions, was administered to 173 students from an Australian technological university. These students participated in different courses and were from various ethnic groups. The results suggested that students from different ethnic groups differed in their reasons for course choices. The responses from the questionnaire highlighted the unique difficulties faced by Asian‐Australian students undertaking humanities courses. 相似文献
9.
Mohammed K. Khalil Loren D. Nelson Jonathan D. Kibble 《Anatomical sciences education》2010,3(5):219-226
This study used qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of self‐learning modules (SLMs) developed to facilitate and individualize students' learning of basic medical sciences. Twenty physiology and nineteen microanatomy SLMs were designed with interactive images, animations, narrations, and self‐assessments. Of 41 medical students, 40 students voluntarily completed a questionnaire with open‐ended and closed‐ended items to evaluate students' attitudes and perspectives on the learning value of SLMs. Closed‐ended items were assessed on a five‐point Likert scale (5 = high score) and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Open‐ended questions further evaluated students' perspectives on the effectiveness of SLMs; student responses to open‐ended questions were analyzed to identify shared patterns or themes in their experience using SLMs. The results of the midterm examination were also analyzed to compare student performance on items related to SLMs and traditional sessions. Students positively evaluated their experience using the SLMs with an overall mean score of 4.25 (SD ± 0.84). Most students (97%) indicated that the SLMs improved understanding and facilitated learning basic science concepts. SLMs were reported to allow learner control, to help in preparation for subsequent in‐class discussion, and to improve understanding and retention. A significant difference in students' performance was observed when comparing SLM‐related items with non‐SLM items in the midterm examination (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of SLMs in an integrated basic science curriculum has the potential to individualize the teaching and improve the learning of basic sciences. Anat Sci Educ 3: 219–226, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
10.
Cheryl B. McCarthy 《科学教学研究杂志》2005,42(3):245-263
Institutions of higher education, states, and local K–12 districts have been challenged to improve math and science education for our nation's students. In the past few years, there has been renewed interest in inquiry‐based, activity‐oriented instruction in science for students with disabilities. Yet, there still exists the need for further empirical evidence to support instructional improvements for students with more involved emotional and behavioral disabilities. This study describes a program in which 18 middle school students with serious emotional disturbances were instructed, over the course of 8 weeks, on “Matter” by two different instructional approaches. Students in one classroom received a traditional textbook approach to science content, whereas students in another classroom received science instruction by a hands‐on, thematic approach. Over the course of instruction, data were collected regarding students' behavior and achievement. Results indicate that, overall, students in the hands‐on instructional program performed significantly better than the students in the textbook program on two of three measures of science achievement, a hands‐on assessment and a short‐answer test. The students did not differ on a multiple‐choice format test. With regard to behavior, there were no significant differences in behavioral problems found between the two groups of students over the course of the study. Findings are discussed in relation to instructional implications for students with disabilities in the science classroom. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 245–263, 2005 相似文献
11.
Fang‐Ying Yang 《Educational studies》2005,31(1):65-84
This study investigated their views concerning evidence and expert opinion of 10th‐grade students, accessed by an open‐ended questionnaire in the context of a socio‐scientific issue: the cause of flood disasters, and personal epistemology identified by the Learning Environment Preference Questionnaire (LEP). Students' responses to the open‐ended questions showed that when thinking about the flood issue, most students rely heavily on direct and numerical data to draw their conclusions, while experts represented a source of conclusive information. The LEP scores indicated that, in terms of epistemological development, students were mostly at the stage of the ‘multiplicists’ in Perry's model. The statistical analysis suggested that view towards evidence and expert were associated with personal epistemology. 相似文献
12.
The study investigated the relationship between instructional context (integrated and non‐integrated) that explicitly teaches about nature of science (NOS) and students’ view of NOS across different disciplines. Participants were three teachers and their students, which comprised six classes of 89 ninth‐graders and 40 10th/11th‐graders. Each teacher taught two intact sections of the same grade level within a specific science discipline. The treatment for all groups involved teaching a 5–6 week unit that included the science content and NOS. The two intact groups learned about same content; the only difference was the context of NOS instruction (integrated or non‐integrated). An open‐ended questionnaire, followed by interviews, was used to assess change in participants’ views. Results showed improvement in students’ NOS views regardless of whether NOS instruction was embedded within the content. Therefore, it was not possible to make claims about whether one instructional context is more effective than another in general terms. 相似文献
13.
14.
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the impact of Internet Virtual Physics Laboratory (IVPL) instruction
with traditional laboratory instruction in physics academic achievement, performance of science process skills, and computer
attitudes of tenth grade students. One-hundred and fifty students from four classes at one private senior high school in Taoyuan
Country, Taiwan, R.O.C. were sampled. All four classes contained 75 students who were equally divided into an experimental
group and a control group. The pre-test results indicated that the students’ entry-level physics academic achievement, science
process skills, and computer attitudes were equal for both groups. On the post-test, the experimental group achieved significantly
higher mean scores in physics academic achievement and science process skills. There was no significant difference in computer
attitudes between the groups. We concluded that the IVPL had potential to help tenth graders improve their physics academic
achievement and science process skills. 相似文献
15.
Marcelle A. Siegel 《Environmental Education Research》2006,12(2):201-215
This study examined decision making in an urban US high school classroom in which tenth‐grade students analyzed scientific evidence about current issues of sustainability, technology and society. A full‐year course, called Science and Sustainability, was used in both groups, and a computer program, called Convince Me, provided scaffolding for making evidence‐based decisions for one group. During the course of instruction, both the groups completed open‐ended written assessments. Limited student progress, in using evidence to support claims and in weighing benefits and drawbacks, was demonstrated. The Convince Me group showed more significant gains than the Science and Sustainability group alone. Implications for instruction are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Cecília Galvão 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1621-1633
This article discusses the results of a mainly qualitative study into possible impacts of recent controversial socio‐scientific issues on a group of Portuguese secondary school students regarding their conceptions about scientists. The 86 participants: (1) answered a questionnaire with open‐ended questions; and (2) wrote a science fiction story involving a group of scientists working on a particular situation of her/his choice. Next, semi‐structured interviews were carried out to clarify and discuss the ideas embodied in the stories and mentioned in the questionnaire. All data underwent a process of content analysis. The socio‐scientific controversies recently discussed, and the way science and scientists are depicted in the media, seem to have produced some impact on students' conceptions about scientists. Based on the results obtained, some remarks and educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
17.
This study evaluates the use of computer-automated reading in reading instruction and illustrates a resource role for school psychologists in providing consultative assistance for computer-assisted instruction. A reading specialist serving as the teacher's aide was taught to write computer programs for automated reading on a personal computer with a speech synthesizer. The teacher selected six beginning-reading books for her remedial reading classes with 1st- and 2nd-grade students. Five 1st-grade and five 2nd-grade students, enrolled in a compensatory education program, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups; five 1st-grade and five 2nd-grade students, enrolled in the same program, were randomly assigned to two control groups. The students in the experimental groups received automated reading with their instruction; the students in the control groups received instruction in the same books, without automated reading. Pre- and posttests of word recognition, phrase reading, and reading comprehension were administered. The random selection of 1st-grade students failed to yield comparable groups, and the contrast of adjusted posttest scores was nonsignificant. Analyses of covariance on the reading criteria for the 2nd-grade groups indicated significant achievement gains for the experimental group. 相似文献
18.
The present study examined the comparative effects of a prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle, conceptual change text (CCT), and traditional instructions on students' understanding of genetics concepts. A quasi‐experimental research design of the pre‐test–post‐test non‐equivalent control group was adopted. The three intact classes, taught by the same science teacher, were randomly assigned as prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle class (N = 30), CCT class (N = 25), and traditional class (N = 26). Participants completed the genetics concept test as pre‐test, post‐test, and delayed post‐test to examine the effects of instructional strategies on their genetics understanding and retention. While the dependent variable of this study was students' understanding of genetics, the independent variables were time (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) and mode of instruction. The mixed between‐within subjects analysis of variance revealed that students in both prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle and CCT groups understood the genetics concepts and retained their knowledge significantly better than students in the traditional instruction group. 相似文献
19.
Apisit Tongchai Ian D. Johnston Kwan Arayathanitkul Chernchok Soankwan 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2437-2457
An understanding of mechanical waves is a pre‐requisite for the study of many topics in advanced physics, and indeed in many other disciplines. There have been many research studies in mechanical waves, all of which have revealed that students have trouble with the basic concepts. Therefore, in order for teachers to prepare appropriate instruction for their classes, it is useful to diagnose their students' conceptions—if possible before they enter class. It is for this purpose that many diagnostic instruments have been developed, often in the form of multiple‐choice tests. In this study, we have used the open‐ended Wave Diagnostic Test to develop a multiple‐choice conceptual survey in an evolutionary manner. The two‐year development procedure included open‐ended surveys and interviews involving 299 Thai students and 88 Australian students. The final version, called the Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey, has been administered to 632 Australian students from high school to second‐year university and 270 Thai high school students. Standard statistical analyses show that the survey is reliable and valid. Further validity checks, including consultation with experts, were also carried out. The survey has four subtopics—propagation, superposition, reflection, and standing waves—and the teachers can choose the subtopics relevant for their students. In this paper we also demonstrate the use of a typical survey question to test students' conceptual understanding and identify common alternative conceptions. 相似文献
20.
John E Gay 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1984,15(2):150-155
This author questions the traditional relationship between aptitude and achievement in an individualized mode of health instruction. Measures were taken on time in instruction, gain scores from pre- to post-tests and score on the American College Test Battery on 120 students in an open learning centre. An individualized mode of instruction was used with printed and mediated materials. An analysis of these data indicated that time was a more significant predictor of gain than aptitude. As students spent more time in this programme, their gain scores increased. This seems to be typical of the learning theory. 相似文献