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1.
This study tested a model in which beliefs about writing, writing self-efficacy, and writing apprehension predict writing performance. The Beliefs About Writing Survey, the Writing Self-Efficacy Index, and the modified Writing Apprehension Test were administered to 738 undergraduates to predict their grade on a class paper. In a hierarchical regression, beliefs about writing predicted variance in writing scores beyond that accounted for by writing self-efficacy and apprehension. Audience Orientation, a new belief associated with expert practice, was the strongest positive predictor of the students' grade. Transmission, a belief in relying on material published by authorities, was the leading negative predictor. Writing self-efficacy predicted performance, albeit modestly. The traditional measure of writing apprehension (anxiety about being critiqued) was not significant, but Apprehension About Grammar, a new construct, significantly and negatively predicted performance. These results support the possibility that beliefs about writing could be a leverage point for teaching students to write. 相似文献
2.
Mäki Hanna S. Voeten Marinus J.M. Vauras Marja M.S. Poskiparta Elisa H. 《Reading and writing》2001,14(7-8):643-672
In this longitudinal study, the writing skill development of154 Finnish-speaking children was followed from preschool to thethird grade. The focus was on predictive associations betweenpreschool writing readiness skills and later mechanics ofwriting, as well as between word recognition skill, mechanics ofwriting, and composition coherence. In addition, comparisons weremade between boys and girls to see to what extent writing skilldevelopment is gender-specific. Multi-group structural equationmodeling was used for statistical analysis. The results indicatedthat both mechanics of writing and composition coherence could bepredicted from performance on the same skill at an earlier pointin time. Preschool measures of phonological and visual-motorskills predicted later mechanics of writing. Word recognitionworked as a predictor of later mechanics of writing andcomposition coherence, but only starting from second grade, whenthe development of the word recognition skill had becomestabilized at a high enough level. Furthermore, first grademechanics of writing predicted second grade compositioncoherence, but only at this early stage of productive writingwhen there were still difficulties in the mechanics of writing.Girls were better at tasks measuring mechanics of writing andwrote more coherent stories than boys. The gender difference inthe mechanics of writing at the first grade level was explainedby the presented model. Educational implications were discussed. 相似文献
3.
Students in grades 5 and 8 completed a state writing assessment, and their first and final drafts on the extended writing portion of the test were copied and scored using the state writing rubric. The rubric consisted of three primary traits: Content and Organization, Style and Fluency, and Language Use. Scorers were blind to the study purpose and scored either a student's first or final draft. No significant difference was found between the first and final drafts written by students in special education at both grade levels. Likewise, no significant difference was found for the writing of general education students in grade 8. A significant difference was found, however, between first and final drafts written by fifth-grade students in general education. Cross tabulations conducted at grades 5 and 8 revealed that over 50% of the first drafts received the same score or a better score than what was earned on the final draft. 相似文献
4.
通过自编量表对三个年级共681名中专生的归因特点进行研究,结果表明各年级以及文理科的归因特点无差异,归因特点存在性别差异,同时在学习、工作、人际关系和生活态度方面归因存在着年级、性别差异。 相似文献
5.
Jan-Henning Ehm Sven Lindberg Marcus Hasselhorn 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2014,29(2):277-294
The internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model (Marsh, Am Educ Res J 23:129–149, 1986) conceptualizes students' self-concepts as being formed by dimensional as well as social comparison processes. In the present study, the I/E model was tested and extended in a sample of elementary school children. Core academic skills of reading, writing, and math were related to corresponding and non-corresponding self-concept facets to determine the onset of dimensional contrast effects. School achievement and domain-specific academic self-concepts of 1,114 students from grades 1 to 3 were assessed. Negative paths were found for math achievement on reading self-concept and for reading achievement on math self-concept in the third grade. Math achievement was not associated negatively with writing self-concept. Positive influences were found within the verbal domain for writing achievement on reading self-concept from grade 1 onward. The results suggest a broad interpretation of the I/E model in which contrast as well as assimilation effects are possible. Factors influencing the dimensional comparison processes are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Yang Seok Yoo 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2018,38(1):1-14
Numerous studies have attributed gender difference in mathematics achievement to various sociocultural influences. Singapore is a country of higher gender equality as represented in the Global Gender Gap Index and Singaporean girls perform as well or higher than boys in international mathematics assessments. This study develops a conceptual model to examine the relationship and effects of parental involvement in education, teacher efficacy, and students’ attitudes towards mathematics on mathematics achievement for Singaporean eighth grade students using Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 data. The study finds that there is no significant gender difference in parental involvement in education and teacher efficacy and there is no gender difference in the attitude of like learning mathematics among Singaporean eighth grade students. The attitude of confidence in mathematics has positive and significant effect on mathematics achievement and the effect is greater for girls than boys. Parental involvement in education and teacher efficacy were found to have greater effect on girls’ confidence in mathematics than on boys’. As such, increasing involvement in mathematics education and providing positive reinforcement to raise girls’ self-confidence in mathematics by parents and teachers should be an integral part of any initiative to reduce gender gap in mathematics achievement. 相似文献
7.
High-quality writing instruction is vital to supporting developing writers as they learn to plan, compose, and revise text. It is equally important that such instruction enhances students’ self-efficacy for writing as well as their motivation to write. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the incremental effect of peer-assisted writing in an explicit writing instruction program on Flemish upper-elementary students’ writing performance, self-efficacy for writing, and writing motivation. A randomized control design, using multilevel analyses, was conducted to determine the differential effectiveness of two experimental writing treatments (EI+PA and EI+IND) compared to a business as usual control condition (BAU). Both experimental writing treatments involved explicit instruction in writing, with students in one condition writing with a peer (EI+PA) and students in the other condition writing individually (EI+IND). Participating classes (N = 431 students, N = 20 teachers) were randomly assigned to the three conditions and students were assessed before and after instruction. EI+PA students outperformed both EI+IND and BAU students on the writing measure in the instructed genre but not in the uninstructed genre. Additionally, although EI+PA students were more confident as to their capability (self-efficacy) to generate ideas when compared to their EI+IND counterparts, EI+PA students’ writing motivation, characterized by internal or external motives, was significantly lower than EI+IND students. The findings of the present study corroborate and extend the limited number of prior studies illustrating the surplus value of peer-assisted writing in explicit writing instruction programs. 相似文献
8.
This study identifies practices of effective teachers of writing. Three schools with significantly higher achievement in an area that underperforms nationally were identified and within them teachers whose students exhibited superior progress were selected. Multiple data collection methods included lesson observation, analysis of the classroom environment, teacher and student interviews and teacher documentation. Common was a commitment to formative assessment practices and classroom environments supportive of student literacy learning. Hallmarks of teachers whose students showed a greater awareness of their learning were a sense of purpose and meaningfulness; of coherence or connectedness and of being consistent and systematic. This paper argues that student achievement in writing is likely to be higher when teachers exhibit strength s in these hallmarks. 相似文献
9.
Virginia W. Berninger William D. Winn Patricia Stock Robert D. Abbott Kate Eschen Shin-Ju Lin Noelia Garcia Marci Anderson-Youngstrom Heather Murphy Dan Lovitt Pamala Trivedi Janine Jones Dagmar Amtmann William Nagy 《Reading and writing》2008,21(1-2):95-129
Two instructional experiments used randomized, controlled designs to evaluate the effectiveness of writing instruction for
students with carefully diagnosed dyslexia, which is both an oral reading and writing disorder, characterized by impaired
word decoding, reading, and spelling. In Study 1 (4th to 6th grade sample and 7th to 9th grade sample), students were randomly
assigned to orthographic or morphological spelling treatment but all students were taught strategies for planning, writing,
and reviewing/revising narrative and expository texts. Both treatments resulted in improvement on three measures of spelling
and one measure of composition. Morphological treatment resulted in better improvement in spelling pseudowords, whereas orthographic
treatment resulted in better improvement in rate of reading pseudowords. In Study 2 (4th to 6th grade sample), students were
randomly assigned to explicit language treatment (phonological working memory + phonological-orthographic spelling + science
report writing training) or nonverbal problem solving treatment (virtual reality-based computer simulation, drawing maps,
and building clay models). Both treatments used science content material and resulted in significant improvement in spelling
and reading pseudowords (accuracy and rate). The surprising finding was that hands-on, engaging science problem solving led
to more improvement in phonological working memory than did specialized phonological instruction. Only when spelling instruction
emphasized orthography or morphology (Study 1) did real word spelling improve.
Preparation of this chapter was supported by Grant Nos. HD25858 and P50 33812 from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development (NICHD).
In Study 1 teaching assistants included Sylvia Abbott, Marci Anderson-Youngstrom, Belle Chennault, Kate Eschen, Noelia Garcia,
Sandra Hiramatsu, Lynn Junell, Julia Kim, Stephanie King, Shin-Ju (Cindy) Lin, Rebecca Metzger, Heather Murphy, Jennifer Norton,
Sue Palewicz, Rebecca Pirie, and Suzanna West. Also on the assessment team were Sylvia Abbott, Belle Chenault, Kate Eschen,
and Rebecca Pirie. Certified teachers Diana Hoffer and Christina Johnson implemented the composition lessons written by the
first author. In Study 2, teaching assistants included Nicole Alston-Abel, Leah Altemeier, Wade Altom, Marci Anderson-Youngstrom,
Annie Boyd, Nicole Garcia, Laura Gould, Marta Holsinger, Yen-Ling Lee, Shin-Ju (Cindy) Lin, Laurie McCarthy, Heather Murphy,
Hema O’Shea, Michelle Proux, Kristine Tardiff, and Kari Terjeson. Janine Jones supervised the assessment team. Margaret McShane
and Doug Stock served as administrative assistants. 相似文献
10.
This study explores explicit and implicit gender‐science stereotypes and affective attitudes towards science in a sample of Chinese secondary school students. The results showed that (1) gender‐science stereotyping was more and more apparent as the specialization of science subjects progresses through secondary school, becoming stronger from the 10th grade; girls were more inclined to stereotype than boys while this gender difference decreased with increasing grade; (2) girls tend to have an implicit science‐unpleasant/humanities‐pleasant association from the 8th grade, while boys showed a negative implicit attitude towards science up to the 11th grade. In self‐report, girls preferred humanities to science, while boys preferred science to humanities; (3) implicit affective attitude was closely related to implicit stereotype. In particular, implicit affective attitude has a stronger predictive power on stereotype than the other way around, the result of which may have more significance for girls. 相似文献
11.
Is Victor Better than Victoria at Maths? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stelios N. Georgiou Panayiotis Stavrinides Theano Kalavana 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2007,23(4):329-342
The aim of this study was to examine whether there are gender differences in actual maths achievement, in attitudes towards maths, and in relevant achievement attributions among early adolescents. The participants were 255 eighth grade students (mean age 14.2) from 10 randomly selected public junior high schools in Cyprus. They completed a questionnaire that measured their attributions of their own maths achievement and their attitudes towards the subject (how attractive and useful it is). Then they took a maths achievement test and immediately afterwards they reported their affective reactions towards the test (how challenging or threatening they thought it was). No significant differences were found between boys and girls in actual maths achievement. Significant differences were found, however, in the way the two genders explain their performance. Boys tend to believe more than girls do that their intellectual abilities are causing their high marks in maths. Also, it was found that high achievement could predict a positive attitude towards mathematics, but not vice versa. These findings contradict the widespread beliefs that (a) girls are not as good at maths as boys are; and (b) better attitudes towards maths lead to better performance. 相似文献
12.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of written vocabulary and writing quality. Participants
included 92 second-grade students and 101 fourth-grade students. Students completed two writing samples: one an experimenter-developed
writing task and the other, a standardized assessment of writing quality. Research questions examined whether four vocabulary
measures (vocabulary diversity, less frequent vocabulary, mean syllable length, number of polysyllabic words) demonstrated
developmental differences, whether the vocabulary measures remained stable across two different writing prompts, and whether
the vocabulary measures explained unique and shared variance beyond that explained by compositional length and compositional
spelling. The results indicated that vocabulary diversity and less frequent vocabulary showed developmental differences across
the two writing tasks. Vocabulary diversity was the only variable to remain stable across the two writing tasks. Commonality
analysis revealed that vocabulary measures explained unique and shared variance in writing quality in all four models (2 grades
and 2 writing prompts). Generally, vocabulary diversity was the most stable and consistent of the four vocabulary variables. 相似文献
13.
White and Bruning (2005) distinguished two sets of writing beliefs: transactional and transmissional beliefs. In this paper we analyse their beliefs scale and suggest two hypotheses about how such beliefs relate to writing performance. The single-process hypothesis treats the beliefs as different amounts of engagement, whereas the dual-process hypothesis claims that the beliefs represent different types of engagement. We then describe the results of an experiment with 84 university students as participants that assessed the relationship between writing beliefs, different forms of pre-planning and different aspects of writing performance. Our results support the dual-process hypothesis, and suggest that transactional beliefs are about the preference for a top-down strategy or a bottom-up strategy, while transmissional beliefs are about the content that is written about. These beliefs interact in their effects on text quality, the amount and type of revision carried out, and the extent to which writers develop their understanding. They also moderate the effectiveness of outlining as a strategy. 相似文献
14.
Rachel Hertz-Lazarowitze 《Reading and writing》2004,17(3):267-299
Research literature on writingstorybooks overlooks first graders. This ispuzzling as children enter first grade havingemergent literacy, in reading, writing, andstory composition. It may reflect the belief that at thisage children should learn to read and write(conventionally) as the curriculum demands,while elaborate writing is assumed be taughtand developed in higher grades. This study investigated story writing by Arab(N = 184) and Jewish (N = 321) first graders inIsrael. The children were presented with fourrelated pictures, asked to paste them in thesequence of their choice in a booklet, and thento write a narrative in their first language(Arabic or Hebrew). Writing the storybook wasperceived as a space for literacy development,and was tested in the contextof two instruction methods: Success For All(SFA) and whole-class Active Learning (AL). Theclasses were observed and teachers wereinterviewed on writing instruction.Nineteen categories of writing yieldedthree clusters–factors: book print awareness,writing conventions, and story quality. Thesethen served as measures for writing outcomes. Jewish and Arab children in SFA achieved higherscores than AL students; the Jews were higherthan the Arabs on most categories, but theestimate gain was highest for Arabs in SFA. The effect of SFA was highest for at-riskJewish students and lowest for at-risk Arabstudents. The results are discussed against thelinguistic and cultural background of the twogroups and in respect of their implications forwriting instruction in a bilingual context. 相似文献
15.
If writing matters, how can we improve it? This study investigated the nature of writing plan quality and its relationship to the ensuing writing scores. Data were drawn from the 1998 Provincial Learning Assessment Programme (PLAP) in Writing, which was administered to pupils in Grades 4, 7, and 10 across British Columbia, Canada. Common features of writing quality were qualitatively identified in a sample of writing plans across the three grade levels. An analytic scoring scheme based on (i) identified features of writing quality in writing plans, (ii) evaluative terms commonly used as criteria to measure writing performance in both large-scale and classroom assessments, and (iii) theory and research in writing, was developed and used to assess a sample of 1,797 writing plans. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine relationships between quality of writing plans and writing scores. Evidence of features of writing quality in writing plans was associated with higher writing scores. Identification of features of writing plan quality provides valuable instructional information to promote student writing. 相似文献
16.
大学专业英语写作零课时教学实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
写作零课时教学是一种融合了自主学习和过程结果写作法的教学方法。将该教学方法运用于实际教学,通过对87名来自3个班的受试者进行一学期的实验,结果表明写作零课时教学没有影响学生的写作能力,学生对于零课时的态度也有较大转变,赞成人数由学期前的47％上升到期末的63％。绝大多数学生对于以培养自主性为目标的写作零课时本身以及写作零课时的各个环节,如收集资料、小组讨论等持有肯定态度;不满意的原因主要是自身的自主性不强和写作零课时实施环节所出现的问题。 相似文献
17.
刘蕴秋 《外语教学理论与实践》2013,2(1):55-61
本文探索了从课程文本阅读入手,通过构建真实社会情景展开的写作教学实践及其对英语师范生学习成长的影响。作者采用定性与定量相结合的方法,选取某校英语专业三年级26名师范生及1名综英任课教师为研究对象,全程参与并记录教学实施过程,并以初稿、二稿、同伴互评、反思文本及教师点评为主要数据来源。研究结果显示,通过开展新模型下的写作教学实践,师范生在写作态度、英语语言能力及外语学科教学知识方面发生了变化,学习成长显著。文章最后指出,文本、范文演示分析和教学活动等起到了中介作用,帮助学生通过自身努力而达到学习成长。 相似文献
18.
From a larger longitudinal study of 610 fourth graders in 17 inner city schools, 40 students were randomly selected from 10
classrooms rated high (i.e., top quartile) or low (i.e., bottom quartile) in quality of writing instruction in grades 3 and
4. The written compositions of these students were scored in three ways: (1) according to a rating scale within a reliable
scoring rubric, (2) according to countable surface features such as words correctly sequenced, and (3) according to the frequency
of specific phonological, morphosyntactic, and orthographic errors in the children’s writing. A multivariate analysis of variance
was conducted to examine whether quality of writing instruction in grades 3 and 4 predicted students’ writing performance
at the end of grade 4. Students who received high quality instruction in fourth grade wrote longer compositions with more
correctly spelled words than those who had poor quality writing instruction. There was a tendency for two years of quality
instruction to be better than one, and, among students who had poor quality instruction in grade 3, compositions were longer
in grade 4 when they received quality instruction in fourth grade. Foundational problems of language formulation, production
and representation, however, were ubiquitous across the sample. Although these students were within the average range on standardized
reading tests, spelling and writing were not developing at average levels. The study confirms the urgent need for more and
better writing instruction for high risk, minority children. 相似文献
19.
Gary A. Troia Allen G. Harbaugh Rebecca K. Shankland Kimberly A. Wolbers Ann M. Lawrence 《Reading and writing》2013,26(1):17-44
A convenience sample of 618 children and adolescents in grades 4 through 10, excluding grade 8, were asked to complete a writing motivation and activity scale and to provide a timed narrative writing sample to permit an examination of the relationships between writing motivation, writing activity, writing performance, and the student characteristics of grade, sex, and teacher judgment of writing ability. Female students and older students wrote qualitatively better fictional stories, as did students with higher levels of writing ability based on teacher judgment. With respect to writing activity, more frequent writing in and out of school was reported by girls, better writers, and younger students. In a path analysis, grade and sex directly influenced writing activity, while sex, teacher judgment of writing ability, and writing activity directly influenced some aspects of writing motivation. Overall, teacher judgment of writing ability, grade level, and motivational beliefs each exerted a significant direct positive influence on narrative quality, whereas performance goals exerted a significant direct negative impact on quality. 相似文献
20.
The goal of the present study was to examine the generalizability of a model of the underlying dimensions of written composition across writing systems (Chinese Mandarin vs. English) and level of writing skill. A five-factor model of writing originally developed from analyses of 1st and 4th grade English writing samples was applied to Chinese writing samples obtained from 4th and 7th grade students. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fits of alternative models of written composition. The results suggest that the five-factor model of written composition generalizes to Chinese writing samples and applies to both less skilled (Grade 4) and more skilled (Grade 7) writing, with differences in factor means between grades that vary in magnitude across factors. 相似文献