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1.
Richard I. Miller 《Higher Education in Europe》1996,21(2-3):193-202
Writing at a time when applications of Total Quality Management (TQM) in higher education in the United States are in great vogue, the author reminds the reader that TQM is only one of many management strategies that over the years have had their periods of popularity. Strategies come and go. Usually a hot strategy is in vogue for no more than seven years; then other ideas come into vogue as other ways of getting the quick fix are tried. Other strategies in competition with TQM in the United States include outcomes assessment, Deming's fourteen points, the Malcolm Baldridge Award, the ISO 9000 series, restructuring, re‐engineering, and performance indicators. American higher education institutions will probably have recourse to more traditional models than TQM for creating change in the future. 相似文献
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Eileen Carlton Parsons 《科学教学研究杂志》2008,45(6):665-683
As other countries vigorously promote rapid advancement in science, optimizing the participation of all students in the United States in science is imperative. This study focused on African American students and examined their science achievement in relation to Black Cultural Ethos (BCE), a construct rooted in psychology. Via qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a non‐random control group design, the study addressed three questions: (1) With respect to BCE, what characterizes the natural instructional contexts of two middle school science teachers? (2) What characterizes the achievement of African American students in contexts that incorporate BCE and contexts that do not? (3) What achievement patterns, if any, exist in BCE and non‐BCE instructional contexts? With regard to the natural contexts, the teachers did not incorporate BCE even when the opportunities were available to do so. Within these non‐BCE contexts, the group's mean scores on the study‐specific test that aligned with instruction decreased from pretest to posttest with approximately one‐third of the students' scores improving. When a context was altered with a moderate effect size of 0.47 to include BCE, the group's mean scores on the aforementioned test increased from pretest to posttest with two‐thirds of the students' scores improving. An illustration of the interplay between BCE and context and a consideration of the interplay as a mediating factor in research involving African American students encapsulate the significance and implications of the study's findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 665–683, 2008 相似文献
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Institutions of higher education in the United States and Canada are demonstrating an increasing interest in the field of social gerontology. However, many practitioners already working in the field find it difficult, if not impossible, to enter “full‐time” formal programs of graduate study. Correspondence instruction could prove to be one of the most effective means of providing educational opportunities about aging to individuals either working or contemplating working with the aged. This paper summarizes the results of a study conducted to determine what is available in the field of aging through correspondence instruction at accredited institutions in the United States and Canada. There were 85 institutions offering correspondence instruction surveyed; 51 of these institutions (60%) offer correspondence instruction courses that are related, in one way or another, to the field of aging. A total of 99 aging or aging‐related correspbndence courses are identified. 相似文献
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Larry Osborne 《Higher Education in Europe》1989,14(4):5-14
The author has presented a rapid overview of the uses of the new information technologies in various aspects of library management and utilization in the United States of America. As early as the 1950's, as concerned librarians had come to realise that manual methods would no longer suffice to cope with the demands being made on libraries, they turned increasingly to automation. Libraries were innovators with regard to the development of large databases and the users of innovations with regard to the development of communications technologies. The latter, the new information and communications technologies (NICT's), are playing increasingly important roles with regard to the operation of libraries in the areas of acquisitions, cataloguing, circulation, reference, administration, inter‐library links including shared cataloguing, resource sharing, and inter‐library loan (now thought of as document delivery). The introduction of these same technologies has required that changes be made in the way librarians are trained, that older practising librarians have their training upgraded, and that library clients be trained in techniques of computer use and information retrieval. For the future, the uses made of the NICT's are bound to expand, leading to increased electronic publishing and distribution and to greater integration of indexes and catalogues. University libraries will increasingly become parts of campus‐wide communications and information networks. 相似文献
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Huey B. Long 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):575-584
Within the past 10 years a number of studies have been conducted on free and reduced tuition for senior citizens in the United States. Since George Miller's bench mark study in 1975 a body of research has been accumulating. The research has begun to show increasing differentiation as additional scholars investigate different facets of the topic. This paper provides an overview of some of the major research reported in the literature. At the present time most investigations on the subject seem to fall into one of five categories: surveys of institutions, surveys of coordinating boards, surveys and interviews of senior citizens, institutional self‐studies, and literature reviews or metaresearch. These approaches are noted and the methodology, scope, and focus of the research are discussed. The findings of different studies generally agree in broad topical areas such as enrollments, students, relationships with other students, kinds of programs, and course content. In addition some comments about the future research directions and needs are mentioned. 相似文献
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Completing homework assignments is part of students' daily routine. Because this task is embedded within the home environment, parents play an important role in homework‐related attitudes and behaviors. Recent findings have demonstrated that effort and cognitive engagement while doing homework are better proximal predictors of positive outcomes than merely the time spent on it. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether parental goal emphasis explains children's motivational orientation toward homework and the perceived dissonance between home and school. Participants included parent–child dyads (N = 220), who completed surveys adapted from the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales. Path analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that parents’ emphasis on mastery goals was associated with children's mastery goals, which was in turn linked with higher achievement in school. Parents’ emphasis on performance goals was associated with children's performance goals and a higher sense of dissonance between home and school. 相似文献
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Nathan Stormer 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(3):265-283
This essay argues that abortion is more than the termination of a pregnancy: it is a metaphor for cultural amnesia. Early medical anti‐abortion rhetoric in the United States established women's bodies as rhetorical sites of cultural memory. Physicians formed a system of mnemonics: cultural truth about humanity was located in women's reproductive physiology, protocols for accessing that truth were formed via diagnostic practices, and a network of bodies (discursive and corporeal) was established through which truth could circulate. In the face of increasing numbers of abortions, physicians made the act of listening to the female body a culturally genealogical act. 相似文献
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Ting‐Hong Wong 《History of education quarterly》2016,56(2):331-357
Focusing only on education exchanges between the United States and other countries, existing scholarship fails to illuminate how American‐sponsored student migrations between other countries helped expand U.S. hegemony. This article attempts to rectify this limitation by looking at Taiwan's policies on overseas Chinese students (qiaosheng) in the 1950s. After the debacle of the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan, the Kuomintang (KMT) sought to solicit overseas Chinese support and to counter Communist China's drive for “returning students.” The KMT‐developed qiaosheng program faced difficulties until 1954, when the United States, seeing that Taiwan's project could serve its anti‐Communist plan, started bankrolling the qiaosheng program, thereby enabling the KMT to lure more students away from Communist China. These findings suggest that overlooking U.S.‐sponsored student migrations between nations outside the United States renders our analysis of international education exchanges and American imperialism incomplete. 相似文献
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John Silber 《Higher Education in Europe》1987,12(4):38-42
This article begins by tracing the history of higher education in the United States from its origins in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century in private, elite, church‐related institutions to the large‐scale mass higher education situation of today in which well over half the total enrollment is in public secular institutions. The author feels that the State and the Federal governments overly favoured the public sector during the period of massive expansion which began in the 1950's. More importantly, he is very much concerned about the decline in academic standards which set in once total enrollments exceeded 15% of the available college‐age cohorts. The process of decline continues, he argues, as public demand for equal access to higher education has led to equally strident demands for equal results. As results cannot in fact be made equal, given differences in the human condition, the solution to the dilemma has been the adulteration of certification which has as its result the undermining of an essential base of democracy, an educated citizenry. 相似文献
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《Higher Education in Europe》1977,2(1):19-20
In the United States, concern over unemployment and underemployment among graduates of higher education institutions has led to much debate over university‐level studies. The below information refers to this problem in relation to a recently published forecast of employment prospects for college graduates in the United States. 相似文献
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The admission procedures for identifying and selecting students in special residential schools of mathematics and science in the United States were studied through interviews with school officials and examination of the schools’ literature on admissions. The selection criteria included tests of verbal and mathematical aptitudes, home school grade‐point averages, ratings of behavioral characteristics, and interviews. The selection stages included recruitment, application file development, file reviews, interviews, and selection decision making. 相似文献
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William H. Boocock∗ M. A. 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(4):287-292
This is a second position paper on moral education, completing Dr. Hofmann's survey of the field and providing some recommendations. See May‐June 1968 issue for the first article 相似文献
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Since 1976 in response to growing concern about college students’ writing abilities, faculty development programs on writing across the curriculum have arisen in a number of two‐ and four‐year colleges throughout the United States. This movement, for it seems to be one, has its roots in a similar movement that began more than 15 years ago in British secondary schools. This paper first reviews briefly the early history of the movement in England and compares the movement there to the one now under way in U.S. higher education. It then presents the results of a questionnaire survey of New Jersey's public two‐ and four‐year colleges undertaken in the spring of 1979. The purpose of the survey was to determine whether and to what extent New Jersey's public colleges had started or were planning to start development programs designed to bring groups of faculty together, across disciplines, to discuss problems relating to student writing performance and to develop specific interdisciplinary plans for solving these problems. In addition, information is presented about the nature of the steps taken in those institutions that reported having initiated such programs and about the efforts to evaluate the impact of these programs. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the state of writing across the curriculum programs in New Jersey public higher education and recommendations are made for further action in this direction. 相似文献
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《Higher Education in Europe》1978,3(6):27-30
Future development of higher education is at present a widely discussed issue in the United Kingdom. This discussion was inspired to a great extent, by a paper “Higher Education into the 1990s: A Discussion Document” issued in February 1978 by the Department of Education and Science (DES) and the Scottish Education Department. (Editor's Note: The main part of this document was published in No.3, May‐June 1978, issue of this Bulletin).
The article presented below reviews prospects of future developments in higher education mainly of the university sector in the United Kingdom in the context of the above document. It is based on the Final Report of the Group on Forecasting and University Expansion established in April 1978 by the Conference of University Administrators (CUA). The Report draws attention to a number of matters which are either not covered or not developed in the Discussion Document. The Chairman of the group was Mr. M.L. Shattock, Academic Register, University of Warwick. 相似文献
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Kathleen A. Loughlin 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):349-360
This article reports on specific findings related to the knowing process of emancipatory learning that emerged from a qualitative study of change agents. The study involved 24 women who had a reflective awareness of consciousness‐raising leading to their commitment to social action. Data were gathered using a semi‐structured, open‐ended interview schedule. A comparative analysis of the data was done. To ensure credibility of the study's findings, peer debriefing and member checks were employed. While the study disclosed broader findings related to the nature of emancipatory learning and its facilitators, this article explicates three: (a) emancipatory learning manifested itself within these women's lives through a transformation from alienation to agency in knowing; (b) a knowing process centred in authenticity was an essential dynamic of their critical reflection; and (c) the knowledge constructed from this knowing in part motivated their action for the development of society. 相似文献
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《Higher Education in Europe》1980,5(2):57-62
In the following article, Professor John D. Millett, Vice‐President of the USA Academy of Educational Development, points out major trends and problems of higher education in the United States, especially in the context of structural economic changes. Many issues discussed in this article will also effect American higher education in the 1980s.
The article is based on a paper Professor Millett presented at the International Seminar on Efficiency of Higher Education (Nieborow, 25‐28 September 1979), (Editor's Note: In No.1, January‐March 1980 of “Higher Education in Europe” other papers delivered at this meeting were presented, as well as the summary of the seminar's discussions.) 相似文献
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Mon Nwadiani 《Higher Education in Europe》1992,17(3):89-98
The relationship between the need for human resources in Nigeria and the availability of places in Nigerian higher education in the 1980's is critically examined. Data were collected, with the aid of a special instrument, on the intake of new entrants into humanities and science programmes. The analysis of the data showed that despite the quantitative expansion of universities in the 1980's, the supply of university places was not related to the real needs of Nigeria in terms of human resources. To redress this unharmonious relationship, in particular as education is trapped in a web of turmoil in the middle of an educational crossroad, the article makes a case for the vigorous pursuit of a rational comprehensive policy with built‐in but continuous planning and implementation strategies based on relations of “equity”. 相似文献
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Rakel Berenbaum 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(1):83-95
Rationing is a concept newly introduced in health‐systems analysis in the United States. Although rationing, when applied to health care, is a fearful word to the elderly, at the most basic level it is simply a method that enables government to intervene in the private marketplace to allocate resources to achieve particular policy ends. This intervention to affect allocation of health care resources has long been used by all levels of government in the United States. Intervention by government in the private marketplace is examined as a means of expanding or limiting the supply of health care services or expanding or limiting the demand for such services. The Oregon rationing experiment with Medicaid services has significantly contributed to the introduction of the concept of rationing of health care. As expected, there is a disproportionate interest by the elderly in rationing health care; thus the effect of the Oregon rationing experiment on the elderly is discussed, as are other allocation interventions on long‐term care, as a service of particular interest to the elderly. 相似文献