共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jya-Yi Wu Yu Erh-Tsung Chin Chia-Jung Lin 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2004,2(2):257-285
This research was designed to study Taiwanese junior high school students understanding about the validity of conditional statements. Distinguishing between validity and truth is a crucial topic in mathematical reasoning and argumentation but has been always neglected in the mathematics curriculum at junior high school level of schooling. The aims of the survey were (1) to find out the methods Taiwanese junior high school students used when conducting mathematical justification on conditional statements; (2) to examine whether the students could distinguish between a statement and its converse statement; (3) to analyse whether the correctness of a conditional statement influenced the students to conduct mathematical reasoning and argumentation. Approaching the three aims of the survey is expected to give some insights into the issue of whether the students could distinguish between the validity of conditional statements and the truth of assertions. Several thousand students from different schools which were randomly sampled from within six geographically diverse (regions of Taiwan) were administered a test on either algebra/number-pattern or geometry corresponding to their respective grades. The main results were (1) the methods the students used when conducting mathematical justifications on conditional statements were called producing (supporting- or counter-) example(s), analytical narrative, and analytical formal; (2) over a third of those students, who considered the given conditional statement to be valid or invalid, proposed supporting- or counter-example(s), respectively; (3) over half the students considered the statement and its converse to be the same; (4) students reasoning performance was influenced by their opinions of the correctness of the conditional statements. These results seem to lead to the conclusion that most of these students could not distinguish between the validity of conditional statements and the truth of assertions. 相似文献
2.
Explaining natural phenomena is an important goal in science teaching. A logical analysis reveals that causal explanations exhibit formal operational structures in that they consist of implication statements chained together through transitive reasoning. It was hypothesized in the present study that individuals who do not reason formally will have difficulty in learning explanations presented in instruction. To test this hypothesis, the effect of levels of operational thought on the explanations which ninth-grade (n = 26) and college (n = 40) physical science students reconstructed after instruction was investigated. Subjects in the study were classified through Piagetian tests as concrete or formal operational. Both concrete and formal subjects were successful in recalling explanations requiring the chaining of two implication statements. Formal operational subjects performed significantly better than concrete operational subjects in three of the four tests of the reconstruction of complex explanations requiring the chaining of six implication statements. In teaching complex causal explanations to students at the concrete operational level, it is suggested that teachers be prepared to furnish some external structuring which the students can rely on in logically relating the various propositions of the explanation to one another. 相似文献
3.
This research aimed to explore whether pupils’ perceptions of studying for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) altered during the two‐year period of study of this qualification. Six hundred and forty four pupils from eight schools in outer London completed a self‐report questionnaire on two occasions, once in Year 10 and once in Year 11, which elicited their responses to statements about studying. Overall, throughout the course pupils remained anxious about coursework, examinations and homework and the time required for them. There was little evidence that pupils developed an increased level of understanding about the demands of the GCSE or a wider range of study strategies to support effective learning. That the students in this research remained as uncertain about the demands of coursework and the quality of their work in Year 11 as Year 10 warrants attention from those who plan and deliver the GCSE. 相似文献
4.
This study investigates the Chinese reading patterns of students with learning disabilities (LD). The performances of students with LD in reading the three categories of Chinese characters were particularly analysed: regular, irregular, and pseudo-characters. Fifty-three students with LD in reading and 44 students without LD of Year 4 were selected from five Hong Kong primary schools. Their abilities for reading Chinese characters were measured using Rasch analysis. Both types of students found regular characters as the easiest to read. Students without LD showed better performance in reading irregular characters than pseudo-characters, whereas students with LD exhibited no significant performance difference in reading these two categories. The implication of these results is that the students without LD might rely on using the orthographic processing than that of phonological processing to read. On the other hand, students with LD might not have the preference of using the orthographic processing. 相似文献
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何伟 《遵义师范学院学报》2007,9(4):86-88
初中物理计算题的解答,是学生在学习物理中较困难的事,如何教给学生一种简单易会的解题方法,逆推法可以告诉你。逆推法就是就是运用逆向思堆,从要解答的疑问入手,反过来推理,找到符合条件的思路,再根据这条思路解题的方法. 相似文献
7.
This paper reports on an investigation into students' understanding of the concept of plant growth. There are three aspects
to the research. First, responses of Australian primary students to questions concerning plant growth are compared with those
identified in British research (Russell & Watt, 1990). Second, the answers of secondary students, Year 7-Year 12, to questions
concerning plant growth were analysed and common categories of responses were identified. Finally, the response categories
were considered within the framework offered by the SOLO Taxonomy of Biggs and Collis (1982, 1991). In particular, interest
was focused on whether the findings of an earlier study (Levins, 1992) in which cycles of development in the understandings
of the concept of evaporation were established, might be observed in the concept of plant growth.
Specializations secondary science curriculum, biology and chemistry teacher education.
Specializations secondary mathematics curriculum topics, the SOLO Taxonomy, student cognitive growth. 相似文献
8.
《学习科学杂志》2013,22(2):227-269
This case study analyzes ways in which an experienced physics teacher uses questioning to guide student thinking during a benchmark discussion about measurement. Interactional issues involve ways of speaking: Why the teacher decided to ask what he did, when he did, of whom, in what way, and for what purpose. Conceptual issues involves ways of thinking: How students seemed to understand measurement concepts such as calculating an average value. We define a particular kind of question, a reflective toss, that the teacher uses to try to give students responsibility for thinking. A reflective toss sequence typically consists of a student statement, teacher question, and additional student statements. This unit of analysis directs attention to ways in which a teacher question influences student thinking. We analyze reflective tosses in terms of the immediate action plans they instantiated, the emergent goals they served, anal underlying beliefs they embodied during an episode that involved the public refinement of a student's ideas. We propose that teachers may shift toward more reflective discourse by asking questions that help students to make their meanings clear, to consider various points of view in a neutral manner, and to monitor the discussion and their own thinking. 相似文献
9.
Annemaree Carroll Stephen Houghton Myra Taylor John West Michelle List‐Kerz 《教育心理学》2006,26(4):483-498
The present research describes the development and pilot testing of a new instrument, the Responses to Interpersonal and Physically Provoking Situations Schedule (RIPPS), designed to measure the reactivity of students with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) in the naturalistic setting of the classroom. For this study, 29 pre‐service teachers from one university graduate school of education conducted structured observations on two students each, one clinically diagnosed student with AD/HD and the other with no diagnosed disorder, resulting in 58 Year 8–11 students (aged 13–17 years) participating in the study. Each student pair was observed for 40 minutes, with alternating observational blocks of two minutes per student. Observational data in the form of responses to emotionally provoking events and the triggers to the responses were clustered together and systematically coded, resulting in four distinct categories for responses and four distinct categories for triggers. Students with AD/HD exhibited significantly more solitary off‐task behaviours, interactional off‐task behaviours, and challenging behaviours than their non‐AD/HD peers. There were no differences between the students in the perceived severity of responses. For triggers, failure to begin assigned tasks and peer‐initiated triggers were the most common, with nearly half of the solitary off‐task behaviours being attributed to environmental distractions and over a quarter attributed to teacher behaviours. While the RIPPS is a relatively new instrument, important data have been gathered in ecologically valid contexts and provide the framework for further development of an instrument of this nature. 相似文献
10.
Kyeong Hah Roh 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,73(3):263-279
This study explored students’ understanding of a logical structure in defining the limit of a sequence, focusing on the relationship
between ε and N. The subjects of this study were college students who had already encountered the concept of limit but did not have any experience
with rigorous proofs using the ε–N definition. This study suggested two statements, each of which is written by using a relationship between ε and N, similar to the ε–N definition. By analyzing the students’ responses to the validity of the statements as definitions of the limit of a sequence,
students’ understanding of such a relationship was classified into five major categories. This paper discusses some essential
components that students must conceptualize in order properly to understand the relationship between ε and N in defining the limit of a sequence. 相似文献
11.
医学生的个性特征对学习成绩的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该研究的目的在于研究与其他专业的学生相比，医学生的个性特征中哪种更典型，更能影响医学生的临床前期课程学习。1997年，有785名学生进入了弗兰米西地区的大学学习医学，其中631名学生(占80．4％)进行了个性五因素的测定量表(NEO-PI-R表)测量，914名捷特大学其它7个专业的一年级学生也做了同样的测量。该研究还调查了这些医学生的期末成绩，第一学年有607名，第二学年413名，第三学年341名。结果表明，医学生的“外倾性”和“随和性”因素分值最高，“责任心”因素对临床前期的学习成绩的预测作用很大，“责任心”因素分值低而具有“社交”、“冒险”个性特征的学生更有可能无法通过考试。 相似文献
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胡泽洪 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,5(5):1-6
实质蕴涵与否定、合取、析取、等值等其他逻辑联结词一样, 其实质是对自然语言中复句的关联词所进行的合理的逻辑抽象, 所谓的&;#1048577; 实质蕴涵怪论&;#1048577;其实并不怪, 它是人们要求实质蕴涵反映条件联系中除真假联系之外的内容、意义方面的联系, 从而作了错误的解读所造成的; 作为一种特殊的条件语句, 在反事实条件句与实质蕴涵的关系问题上, 在反事实条件句与一般性条件句的区分上, 还有很多地方需要进一步探索。 相似文献
13.
Brian Hand Olivia Eun-mi Yang Crystal Bruxvoort 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2007,5(1):125-143
This study researched the use of writing-to-learn strategies within a high-school (Year 11) chemistry classroom. The writing
task itself asked the students to write a business letter to a younger audience of middle-school (Year 7) students. A mixed-method
design was used for the study, incorporating pre/post- testing with semi-structured interviews. The evidence supports that
the treatment students performed statistically significantly better on a conceptual question compared to the control group.
Additionally, the treatment students felt that writing to a younger audience prompted them to use different language than
they would have if, for example, writing to their teacher. Further, the treatment students described that the writing task
promoted their understanding of and their confidence in their knowledge of the stoichiometry concepts addressed in class. 相似文献
14.
Bridget A. Franks David J. Therriault Miriam I. Buhr Evelyn S. Chiang Claire M. Gonzalez Heekyung K. Kwon Jenni L. Schelble Xuesong Wang 《Metacognition and Learning》2013,8(2):145-171
This study explored the abilities of 5th, 8th, and 10th graders, and College students to reason logically about what they read. Both students’ metacognitive behavior (looking back at previously read text) and their performance on logical deduction questions were recorded and analyzed in a reading task. Conditional logic premises and deductive questions were embedded in three narratives containing premise information that was factual (True Story), contrary to fact (False Story), or unverifiable via common world knowledge (Neutral Story). The texts and questions were presented one sentence at a time on a computer screen; participants controlled the presentation of sentences. For answering the questions, three response tasks were devised. One task (labeled Generate) required readers to generate their own logical conclusions in response to deduction questions. Two tasks (labeled Valid and Invalid) required readers to evaluate logically valid or logically invalid conclusions drawn by story characters in the texts. Students in early and late adolescence looked back more when asked to evaluate logical conclusions than when asked to generate conclusions on their own; College students’ lookback frequencies were not significantly affected by response task, but were greater overall than those of younger students. With conditional forms requiring an uncertainty response (Affirmed Consequent and Denied Antecedent), readers looked back more when evaluating logically invalid conclusions than when evaluating logically valid ones. Readers of all ages were more likely to agree with story characters’ (valid) uncertain conclusions with the AC and DA forms than they were to disagree with story characters’ (invalid) certain conclusions to these forms. Both lookback frequency and performance on logic questions were lowest when readers were required to reason from contrary to fact premises. 相似文献
15.
Rachel A. Short Marina Y. Van der Eb Susan R. McKay 《The Journal of educational research》2020,113(1):46-58
AbstractActive teachers noted persistent problems in their classrooms, including low levels of student engagement and gaps in students’ use of evidence in forming arguments. Earth Science students provided written responses to two questions using the previously implemented Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) framework. The first question was answered without a preceding discussion whereas the second question was answered following a discussion protocol—no discussion, discussion without Talk Science, and discussion with Talk Science. A ninth grade teacher more comprehensively implemented Talk Science by incorporating statements from all four goals whereas a seventh grade teacher did not. As a result, ninth grade students improved their use of evidence, reasoning, and content, but seventh graders did not show the same improvements. All students valued the discussion, but this study shows that Talk Science discussions can be used to improve students’ content knowledge and CER argumentation skills. 相似文献
16.
The Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (BFLPE) suggests that school-average achievement has a negative effect on academic self-concept (ASC); some research has also verified a negative effect on students' academic achievement. Our study evaluates the compositional effects of school-average achievement on both outcomes, using a longitudinal sample of English early primary school students in Year 1 and Year 4. We provide evidence for BFLPEs in children as young as six to nine years of age. Further, we show that the BFLPE is a potential mechanism in the negative compositional effect of school average achievement in Year 1 on students' achievement in Year 4. Once adjustments for measurement error are made, the negative effect of school-average achievement on students' self-concept, and on their subsequent achievement, becomes even more negative. Our findings question previous research suggesting that attending a school with higher average achievement necessarily advances students’ outcomes. 相似文献
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朱毅然 《洛阳师范学院学报》2014,(2):93-96
高校体育专业学生学习理论课内容兴趣普遍不高是不争的事实.如何改变目前的不利局面,提高体育专业学生理论课程的学习兴趣是目前高校体育专业课程老师迫切需要解决的课题.通过深入研究,作者认为运用PBL教学模式是一个很好的选择.实施过程中要注意的事项有:1)教师在PBL教学模式中应提出真实性的问题,并促进学生调查和支持性学习;2)PBL教学模式围绕真实的生活情景来组织,问题的设置具有一定的技巧性,要求问题的答案不能是唯一的,而是去激发学生提出多个解决问题的方法;3)在PBL中让学生科学分组进行合作,并鼓励学生共同探究、对话,发展其思维能力和社会性的技能;4)PBL的课堂环境以学生为中心,并鼓励学生自由地发表自己的观点;5)以技术促进教学. 相似文献
20.
Undergraduate students pursuing a three‐year marine biology degree programme (n = 86) experienced a large‐group drama aimed at allowing them to explore how scientific research is funded and the associated links between science and society. In the drama, Year 1 students played the “general public” who decided which environmental research areas should be prioritised for funding, Year 2 students were the “scientists” who had to prepare research proposals which they hoped to get funded, and Year 3 students were the “research panel” who decided which proposals to fund with input from the priorities set by the “general public”. The drama, therefore, included an element of cross‐year peer assessment where Year 3 students evaluated the research proposals prepared by the Year 2 students. Questionnaires were distributed at the end of the activity to gather: (1) student perceptions on the cross‐year nature of the exercise, (2) the use of peer assessment, and (3) their overall views on the drama. The students valued the opportunity to interact with their peers from other years of the degree programme and most were comfortable with the use of cross‐year peer assessment. The majority of students felt that they had increased their knowledge of how research proposals are funded and the perceived benefits of the large‐group drama included increased critical thinking ability, confidence in presenting work to others, and enhanced communication skills. Only one student did not strongly advocate the use of this large‐group drama in subsequent years. 相似文献