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1.
Parton BS 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2006,11(1):94-101
In recent years, research has progressed steadily in regard to the use of computers to recognize and render sign language. This paper reviews significant projects in the field beginning with finger-spelling hands such as "Ralph" (robotics), CyberGloves (virtual reality sensors to capture isolated and continuous signs), camera-based projects such as the CopyCat interactive American Sign Language game (computer vision), and sign recognition software (Hidden Markov Modeling and neural network systems). Avatars such as "Tessa" (Text and Sign Support Assistant; three-dimensional imaging) and spoken language to sign language translation systems such as Poland's project entitled "THETOS" (Text into Sign Language Automatic Translator, which operates in Polish; natural language processing) are addressed. The application of this research to education is also explored. The "ICICLE" (Interactive Computer Identification and Correction of Language Errors) project, for example, uses intelligent computer-aided instruction to build a tutorial system for deaf or hard-of-hearing children that analyzes their English writing and makes tailored lessons and recommendations. Finally, the article considers synthesized sign, which is being added to educational material and has the potential to be developed by students themselves. 相似文献
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中国聋人手语脑功能成像的研究 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：9
本研究采用功能性磁共振脑成像 (fMRI)技术 ,首次以中国手语作为实验材料 ,通过外显手语和内隐手语刺激的比较 ,探查中国手语在聋人左、右半球大脑皮层的功能定位情况。研究的结果表明 :( 1 )手语与有声语言的绝大多数功能区是叠合的 ,与正常人和美国手语的研究结果相似 ,聋人的视觉性语言优势半球也是在左半球。语言的半球单侧化现象以及语言大脑功能定位区很少受语言模式特征的影响。 ( 2 )聋人手语的信息加工过程包括语言加工和视觉空间认知 ,语言加工模块与空间认知加工模块之间是存在一定的共享成分 ,这为跨模块可塑性理论提供了实证依据。 ( 3 )研究进一步表明 ,手语是一种有助于促进聋人大脑语言区活动的刺激 ,倡导在聋教中采用“双语教育”和强调中国手语的语言地位 相似文献
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基于语料库的中国手语象似性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将中国手语里的207个斯瓦迪士核心词建成语料库,然后分析研究象似性在中国手语词汇层面的表现和特点。总结出七种象似手段：直接表达、用手表达所指的形状、用手表达所指的动作、用身体表达所指的动作、从其他语言系统借词（比如汉字、汉语拼音）、用辅助口语的手势表达、通过创建一个相关情形表达。有一小部分词象似性不明显或根本看不出象似性。中国手语虽然展现出丰富的象似性,却依然表现为象似性和任意性的连续体。 相似文献
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本文调查研究了中国手语方言之一的上海手语名词手势因年龄因素所产生的变异.调查结果表明:两个不同年龄组的聋人在打斯瓦迪什词表中的92个名词手势时没有特别显著差异;而113个其他的名词手势中有14个在手形、位置、手动及手动方向存在明显差异.调查发现上海手语名词手势存在年龄变异,语言经济原则、社会变革、科学技术的发展及语言接触是产生变异的主要原因. 相似文献
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To This is a 1 test per thousand learn more about normal language development in deaf children, we have developed the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory for American Sign Language (ASL-CDI), a parent report that measures early sign production. The ASL-CDI is an inventory of sign glosses organized into semantic categories targeted to assess sign language skills in children ages 8 to 36 months. The ASL-CDI uses a recognition format in which parents check off signs that their child produces. The form has demonstrated excellent reliability and validity. To date, normative data have been collected from 69 deaf children with deaf parents who are learning sign language as a first language. We discuss the development of the ASl-CDI and preliminary cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from this early data collection with particular focus on parallels with spoken language acquisition. We also discuss the acquisition of first signs, negation, wh-questions, and fingerspelling with developmental patterns provided based on age, as well as vocabulary size. 相似文献
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Signed languages continue to be a key element of deaf education programs that incorporate a bilingual approach to teaching and learning. In order to monitor the success of bilingual deaf education programs, and in particular to monitor the progress of children acquiring signed language, it is essential to develop an assessment tool of signed language skills. Although researchers have developed some checklists and experimental tests related to American Sign Language (ASL) assessment, at this time a standardized measure of ASL does not exist. There have been tests developed in other signed languages, for example, British Sign Language, that can serve as models in this area. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Assessing British Sign Language Development: Receptive Skills Test for use in ASL in order to begin the process of developing a standardized measure of ASL skills. The results suggest that collaboration between researchers in different signed languages can provide a valuable contribution toward filling the gap in the area of signed language assessment. 相似文献
7.
Forty students enrolled in the course 74.153, Introduction to Sign Language, at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania participated in a study using an interactive videodisc system to teach sign language vocabulary. The experimental group (n = 20) learned signs via an interactive videodisc system while the control group (n = 20) learned the same signs through a traditional classroom approach. Results indicated no significant differences between the groups in their ability to recognize signs. In addition, the experimental group took one-third less time to learn as many signs as the control group. 相似文献
8.
Lang HG Hupper ML Monte DA Brown SW Babb I Scheifele PM 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(1):65-79
Both classroom instruction and lexical database development stand to benefit from applied research on sign language, which takes into consideration American Sign Language rules, pedagogical issues, and teacher characteristics. In this study of technical science signs, teachers' experience with signing and, especially, knowledge of content, were found to be essential for the identification of signs appropriate for instruction. The results of this study also indicate a need for a systematic approach to examine both sign selection and its impact on learning by deaf students. Recommendations are made for the development of lexical databases and areas of research for optimizing the use of sign language in instruction. 相似文献
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Schembri A Wigglesworth G Johnston T Leigh G Adam R Barker R 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2002,7(1):18-40
In this article, we outline the initial stages in development of an assessment instrument for Australian Sign Language and explore issues involved in the development of such a test. We first briefly describe the instruments currently available for assessing grammatical skills in Australian Sign Language and discuss the need for a more objective measure. We then describe our adaptation of an existing American Sign Language test, the Test Battery for American Sign Language Morphology and Syntax. Finally, this article presents some of the data collected from a group of deaf native signers. These data are used to demonstrate the range of variability in key grammatical features of Australian Sign Language and to raise methodological issues associated with signed language test design. 相似文献
12.
手语研究与聋人康复和聋校教学 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
手语是聋人交流的主要工具 ,尽管它比口语抽象程度要差 ,但与其它交流方式如笔谈或读唇相比要方便的多。由于聋人普遍使用手语 ,我们不能忽视它在聋人康复中的重大意义。近年来 ,聋人教育体系正在逐步确立和完善 ,并且已经延伸到了高等教育阶段。但是在有关聋人教学的方面 ,仍存在许多困难 ,例如手语研究滞后 ,这都会影响教育效果和聋生的发展。因此我们必须努力去改革和发展中国手语 相似文献
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We report results showing that working memory for American Sign Language (ASL) is sensitive to irrelevant signed input (and other structured visual input) in a manner similar to the effects of irrelevant auditory input on working memory for speech. Deaf signers were disrupted on serial recall of lists of ASL signs when either pseudosigns or moving shapes were presented during a retention interval. Hearing subjects asked to recall lists of printed English words did not show disruption under the same interference conditions. The results favor models that hypothesize modality-specific representations of language within working memory, as opposed to amodal representations. The results further indicate that working memory for sign language involves visual or quasi-visual representations, suggesting parallels to visuospatial working memory. 相似文献
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This study was designed to investigate learning and retention of isolated sign vocabulary as a function of sign classification (iconic, opaque, or abstract). The subjects were 28 hearing college students naive to sign vocabulary. They were drilled with 30 signs from American Sign Language that had been classified as iconic, opaque, or abstract. Training was conducted using two different media: computer-assisted instruction and videotaped presentation. Performance scores for the three types of signs were significantly different. Scores were consistently higher for iconic signs, regardless of the training mode. The videotaped presentation mode produced the greatest consistency in scores. The results of this study support the notion that it is easier for beginning students of sign language to learn and retain iconic signs. 相似文献
16.
Haug T 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(3):343-361
There is a current need for reliable and valid test instruments in different countries in order to monitor deaf children's sign language acquisition. However, very few tests are commercially available that offer strong evidence for their psychometric properties. A German Sign Language (DGS) test focusing on linguistic structures that are acquired in preschool- and school-aged children (4-8 years old) is urgently needed. Using the British Sign Language Receptive Skills Test, that has been standardized and has sound psychometric properties, as a template for adaptation thus provides a starting point for tests of a sign language that is less documented, such as DGS. This article makes a novel contribution to the field by examining linguistic, cultural, and methodological issues in the process of adapting a test from the source language to the target language. The adapted DGS test has sound psychometric properties and provides the basis for revision prior to standardization. 相似文献
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对《中国手语》修订意见的调查报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国手语》出版已有十来年 ,为适应时代的发展和聋人的需要 ,需进行修订。在修订过程中 ,尚存在一些有争议的问题。因此 ,就对《中国手语》总体看法、修订意见 ,以及对一些有争议手语的具体修改等问题 ,在北京市部分聋人和聋校教师中进行了调查。由调查结果表明 :《中国手语》在修订过程中 ,除了应对许多手语进行具体的修改之外 ,还应当增加词汇量、增加词条的英文、合并首续集、增加手语国歌及地方手语。 相似文献
18.
Rodríguez Ortiz IR 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2008,13(3):378-390
This study aims to answer the question, how much of Spanish Sign Language interpreting deaf individuals really understand. Study sampling included 36 deaf people (deafness ranging from severe to profound; variety depending on the age at which they learned sign language) and 36 hearing people who had good knowledge of sign language (most were interpreters). Sign language comprehension was assessed using passages of secondary level. After being exposed to the passages, the participants had to tell what they had understood about them, answer a set of related questions, and offer a title for the passage. Sign language comprehension by deaf participants was quite acceptable but not as good as that by hearing signers who, unlike deaf participants, were not only late learners of sign language as a second language but had also learned it through formal training. 相似文献
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Historically, the valuing of deaf children's voices on their own schooling has been underrepresented in educational policies, curriculum frameworks and discursive practices and, in particular, in the debates and controversies surrounding oralism and Irish Sign Language in deaf education in Ireland. This article discusses children's everyday lived experiences of oralism and Irish Sign Language using ethnographic interviews and observational methods. The data yielded narrative understandings of how deaf children's schooling experiences served as a cauldron for the development of time, space and relational domains for individual and collective self-expression, cultural production and reproduction of the secret lore and understandings of Irish Sign Language and development of a hidden curriculum of sign language in a policy and practice context dominated by oralism. This paper concludes with recommendations for the development of a sign bilingual curriculum across the full scope and sequence of schooling in Ireland. 相似文献
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中国手语主要通过三种方式来表达抽象概念:通过约定俗成的自源性的手势表达;借用汉语成分来表达,如仿译、指拼等;通过其他方式来间接表达,如近义代替、直接解释等.第一种方式的主要实现手段是比喻(metaphor)和借代(metonymy).它们不仅是修辞手段,更是主要的词义孳乳手段和思维认知方式.认知语言学中对比喻和借代的研究成果同样适用于手语.手语表达非视觉概念的原则是:力图在事物间建立起相互联系,由近及远、由浅入深、由具体到抽象,逐步深入地认识客观世界,必要时也借用汉语.由于手语是视觉性语言,因此一切非视觉概念的表达最终都必然以视觉意象作为归宿. 相似文献