共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The quality of teachers’ knowledge about how people learn influences students’ learning outcomes. Similarly, the quality of
students’ knowledge about how they learn influences their engagement in self-regulated learning and consequently, their learning
achievement. There is a gap between research findings that support these two premises and teaching–learning practices in classrooms.
In this paper we describe attempts to reduce this gap. In Study 1 we surveyed early adolescent students’ cognitive and metacognitive
strategy use and demonstrated that students’ cognitive and metacognitive strategy knowledge has substantial room for improvement.
In Studies 2 and 3 we collaborated with teachers to embed explicit cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction, using
learning protocols, into regular class lessons. Studies 2 and 3 showed that the learning protocols slipped readily into teachers’
typical lesson designs, scaffolded teachers’ delivery of strategy instruction, and scaffolded some students’ acquisition of
strategy knowledge, although progress was sometimes slow. Recommendations are presented for supporting teachers and students
to engage with cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction. 相似文献
2.
The present work describes an experience of educational innovation in a university context. Its aim was to determine the relationship
between students’ frequency of use of online self-assessment with feedback and their final performance on the course, taking
into account both learners’ motivation and perceived usefulness of these resources for their learning process. Furthermore,
we studied the relationship between metacognitive variables and academic performance and/or execution of activities aimed
at learning the course content. To this end we created self-assessment material with the Hot Potatoes educational program and assessed the degree to which students took advantage of the tool, their satisfaction with it and
their perceived knowledge, using ad hoc questionnaires. The results indicate better academic performance in those students
that use interactive self-assessment. It should be pointed out that even students with low motivation levels made use of this
teaching tool. Finally, a relationship was found between metacognitive variables and students’ effort and performance. We
discuss the need to include self-assessment in the curriculum, with a view to improving students’ metacognitive knowledge. 相似文献
3.
It is widely recognized that metacognition is an important mediator for successful and high-level learning, especially in
higher education. Nevertheless, a majority of higher education students possess insufficient metacognitive knowledge and regulation
skills to self-regulate their learning adequately. This study explores the potential of reciprocal peer tutoring to promote
both university students’ metacognitive knowledge and their metacognitive regulation skills. The study was conducted in a
naturalistic higher education setting, involving 67 students tutoring each other during a complete semester. A multi-method
pretest–posttest design was used combining a self-report questionnaire, assessing students’ metacognitive knowledge and their
perceived metacognitive skilfulness, with the analysis of think-aloud protocols, revealing students’ actual use of metacognitive
strategies. Results indicate no significant pretest to posttest differences in students’ metacognitive knowledge, nor in their
perception of metacognitive skill use. In contrast, significant changes are observed in students’ actual metacognitive regulation.
At posttest, students demonstrate significantly more frequent and more varied use of metacognitive regulation, especially
during the orientation, monitoring, and evaluation phases. Furthermore, our findings point to an increase in more profound
and higher-quality strategy use at posttest. 相似文献
4.
This study is concerned with the challenge of understanding what factors may influence students’ higher level knowledge construction.
We defined higher level knowledge construction occurrences as the sum of the number of phases II to V measured using Gunawardena
et al.’s (J Educ Comput Res 17(4):397–431, 1997) interaction analysis model. This paper is organized into two studies. In the first study, we examined the relationship between
the frequency of higher level knowledge construction occurrences and group size, as well as the duration of the online discussion.
Data were collected through online observations of 40 discussion forums. We found a significant positive relationship between
group size and the frequency of higher level knowledge construction occurrences. However, there was no correlation between
the duration of the online discussion and the frequency of such occurrences. In the second study, we examined the types of
student facilitation techniques used. A further analysis of the data was conducted—of the 40 forums, 14 forums with higher
incident rate of higher level knowledge construction occurrences were identified. Fourteen less frequent forums were then
randomly chosen from the remaining forums. We found significant differences in the frequency of four student facilitation techniques
employed between the more frequent group and the less frequent one. The results of this study suggest that using these four
techniques more frequently may promote knowledge construction in asynchronous online discussions. 相似文献
5.
This study investigated 6 weeks of online asynchronous discussions in a graduate-level course involving eleven students. The
research purposes of this study were to identify patterns of collaborative knowledge exploration (CKE) and to suggest new
analytical dimensions for investigating online discussions. Based upon a unique theoretical framework integrating the concepts
of transition community and discourse community, three major dimensions of online asynchronous learning were adopted in the
analysis. The first dimension focuses on the various forms of social negotiation in the discourse. The second dimension regards
references to various learning resources, while the third is related to the coherence of the resources utilized. Based upon
these dimensions and the analysis of the participating students’ online asynchronous discussions, this study suggested ten
different patterns of CKE representing the cognitive processes of Elaborating, Challenging, Correcting, and Debating. We argue
that the proposed analytical framework allows us to interpret the sociocultural and cognitive aspects of students’ interactions
for online problem-based learning. In addition, the results suggest that the more cognitively demanding the pattern is, the
less frequently it occurs. Potential factors contributing to the observed findings are discussed in this study. 相似文献
6.
Kai-Lin Yang 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,80(3):307-326
In this study, we explored the structural relationship between the students’ perceived use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies (CMRS) and their reading comprehension of geometry proof (RCGP), and we also examined the differences in students’ perceived use of reading strategies among the poor, moderate and good comprehenders. A sample of ninth graders (N = 533) completed a RCGP test and then the CMRS questionnaire. In the exploratory factor analysis with one subsample (n = 150), principal component analysis was used to extract factors of CMRS use for improving the CMRS instrument. Another subsample of students (n = 370) participated in the study on the confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modelling method. Results revealed that the use of metacognitive reading strategies exerts an executive function over that of cognitive reading strategies, which directly influenced students’ RCGP. Our interesting findings were that good comprehenders tended to employ more metacognitive reading strategies for planning and monitoring comprehension and more cognitive reading strategies for elaborating proof compared with the moderate comprehenders, who in turn employed these strategies more often compared with the poor comprehenders. 相似文献
7.
In this study we content analyzed the online discussion of several senior-high-school groups on a forum of a virtual physics
laboratory in Taiwan. The goal of our research was to investigate the nature of non-course-based online discussion and to
find out some useful guidelines in developing such discussion forums for learning purposes. We adapted Henri’s framework and
models (1992) for our analysis. The content analysis was conducted in terms of participation rate, social cues, interaction
types, and cognitive and metacognitive skills. In this study, we compared the result patterns of two discussion conditions
(‘required’ (R-) condition versus ‘non-required’ (NR-) condition) of a non-course-based discussion forum and investigated
how the quality of message content changed in the processes of discussion. In the R-condition, participants were required
to reply to the thread before they were allowed to read other messages on the forum, whereas participants in the NR-condition
were not restricted to this demand. The results showed that for both conditions, the most frequently involved interaction
type was ‘direct response’, and the most frequently used cognitive skill was ‘elementary clarification’. Fewer participants
of the R-condition strayed from the subject under discussion in comparison to the NR-condition. However, larger percentage
of message content containing metacognitive components was found in the NR-condition. When taking the sequences of postings
into account, we found that for the R-condition, the percentage of metacognitive component in the message content tended to
increase in the up-third postings, whereas for the up-third postings of the NR-condition the percentage of non-cognitive components
substantially increased. Overall, the results of our study indicated that the way in which participants used cognitive and
metacognitive skills during the discussions was related to the discussion conditions. The initial requirement of reply fostered
the use of cognitive skills, but it did not necessarily induce the use of high-level cognitive or metacognitive skills. We
concluded that beside the discussion conditions the moderators’ guidance would be influential in determining the quality of
online discussion on a non-course-based discussion forum.
in final form: 19 August 2005 相似文献
8.
This study examined contextual and personal factors related to the use of cognitive strategies by undergraduates. Specifically,
students’ goal orientations (intrinsic or extrinsic) and perceptions of the classroom environment (i.e., task or performance
structured) were evaluated as predictors of student use of deep or surface level cognitive strategies. Results confirmed earlier
work, which indicated intrinsic goal orientation was related to use of deep cognitive strategies and extrinsic goal orientation
was related to use of rehearsal. There was no interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientations on use of either
cognitive strategy. In addition, students’ perceptions of classroom environment were significantly correlated with students’
goal orientations. In particular, task structure of classrooms was significantly positively correlated with use of both types
of cognitive strategies. Thus, student goal orientation, perception of classroom structure, and use of cognitive strategies
appear interdependent, with intrinsic goal orientation moderating the effect of perceived classroom structure on the use of
deep cognitive strategies. Results of this study suggest the need for university instructors to be more aware of the roles
of both personal and contextual factors affecting student motivation and learning. 相似文献
9.
Huang-Yao Hong Fei-Ching Chen Ching Sing Chai Wen-Ching Chan 《Instructional Science》2011,39(4):467-482
This study investigated the effects of engaging students to collectively learn and work with knowledge in a computer-supported
collaborative learning environment called Knowledge Forum on their views about knowledge building theory and practice. Participants
were 24 teacher-education students who took a required course titled “Integrating Theory and Practice in Teaching.” Data mainly
came from (1) student discourse recorded in a Knowledge Forum database, (2) a survey that examined students’ views about knowledge
building, and (3) interviews with regard to students’ perceived barriers to implementing knowledge building theory in teaching.
Findings suggest that with sustained discourse to construct their collective understanding of the relationships between theory
and practice in teaching for a semester, the participants were able to attain more informed and practical views about knowledge
building theory. In addition, students’ perceived barriers to implementing knowledge building in teaching were identified
and strategies to help overcome these barriers discussed. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this study was to examine metacognition in computer-supported collaborative problem solving. The subjects of the
study were 13-year-old Finnish secondary school students (N = 16). The Knowledge Forum learning environment was used to support student pairs’ problem-solving task involving polygons
in a geometry course. The data consist of the student pairs’ posted computer notes (n = 95). To examine metacognition in a social context in the networked discussions, the features and patterns of networked
interaction, the metacognitive content of the computer notes and their relations were examined. To examine the features of
networked interaction, the social network analysis measures were used. The patterns of networked interaction were displayed
with the multidimensional scaling technique. In the analysis, metacognitive contents of the computer notes were categorized
as metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive skills, and not metacognitive. Further, with the correspondence analysis, we examined how the student pairs’ metacognitive activity was distributed. The
results of the study revealed that the metacognitive activity varied among participants, although some aspects of metacognition
such as planning were never encountered. It was found that there is a relation between metacognitive activity and the features
of interaction. The student pairs who monitored and evaluated the ongoing discussions had a strategically optimal position
in the communication network. 相似文献
11.
Attitudes toward learning (ATL) have been shown to influence students’ learning outcomes. However, there is a lack of knowledge
about the ways in which the interaction between ATL, the learning situation, and the level of students’ prior knowledge influence
affective reactions and conceptual change. In this study, a simulation of acid-base titrations was examined to assess the
impact of instruction format, level of prior knowledge and students’ ATL on university-level students, with respect to flow
experiences (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) and perceived conceptual change. Results show that the use of guiding instructions was
correlated with a perceived conceptual change and high levels of “Challenge,” “Enjoyment,” and “Concentration,” but low sense
of control during the exercise. Students who used the open instructions scored highly on the “Control flow” component, but
their perceived learning score was lower than that for the students who used the guiding instructions. In neither case did
students’ ATL or their pre-test results contribute strongly to students’ flow experiences or their perceived learning in the
two different learning situations. 相似文献
12.
The current study sought to understand the relationship between peer discussions and self-regulated learning. Eighty-eight
first year high school students answered questions from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire and reported the
perceived frequency of discussions with peers both inside and outside of the classroom regarding self-regulated learning.
Results suggest that differences exist between the frequency of self-regulation discussions with peers from inside and outside
of the classroom, especially for discussions concerning motivation. Discussions with peers outside of class were related more
closely to students’ reported self-regulated learning than discussion with peers inside of class. In addition, peer groups
with higher average levels of self-regulated learning discussions had individual members with high reported self-regulated
learning. The study’s results also highlight the need for further research on the mechanisms by which peer discussions may
relate to students’ self-regulated learning. 相似文献
13.
Nesrin Cengiz Kate Kline Theresa J. Grant 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2011,14(5):355-374
Studies show that extending students’ mathematical thinking during whole-group discussions is a challenging undertaking. To
better understand what extending student thinking looks like and how teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) supports
teachers in their efforts to extend student thinking, the teaching of six experienced elementary school teachers was explored.
During group discussions, all six teachers created opportunities for extending student thinking about important mathematical
ideas and solution methods. Findings on the nature of these episodes include identification of individual instructional actions
and the ways in which teachers’ MKT was connected to these actions. 相似文献
14.
We explored relations between students’ epistemic beliefs, metacognitive monitoring and recall performance in the context
of learning physics through metaphor. Eighty-three university undergraduate students completed questionnaires designed to
measure their epistemic beliefs and prior knowledge about Newtonian physics. Students were epistemically profiled as rational,
empirical, or metaphorical in their approaches to knowing. Using a think-aloud protocol, students read a text on Newton’s
First and Third Laws. The text included metaphors as examples of the various laws described. Results revealed that students
profiled as metaphorical engaged in more metacognitive processing compared to students profiled as rational or empirical.
Moreover, path analyses revealed that metacognitive monitoring positively predicted recall performance. Results challenge
Muis’ (2008) consistency hypothesis; the ways in which knowledge is represented in text may be the linking factor for relations between metacognitive monitoring
and epistemic beliefs rather than the underlying epistemology of the domain. 相似文献
15.
Javier Rosales Josetxu Orrantia Santiago Vicente Jose M. Chamoso 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2008,23(3):275-294
In the article we compare the approaches of 3 in-service teachers and 3 student teachers when they tried to solve a verbal
arithmetic problem in the classroom. Each interaction was studied using a System of Analysis that takes into account the cognitive
processes involved in the solution of a mathematic problem and describes the interaction at different levels showing what
is done and to what degree teachers and/or pupils are responsible for what is done. The results of the study suggest that
both groups of teachers are different in how they direct the student’s attention toward the essential aspects implied in the
resolution of word problem. On the one hand, the in-service teachers guaranteed students’ understanding of the problem before
dealing with the solution, while students teachers only did so when pupils committed errors. On the other hand, the in-service
teachers allowed a high level of student participation, while student teachers took a more prominent role so children’s participation
was lower. 相似文献
16.
Yu-Chu Yeh 《Instructional Science》2009,37(2):185-203
The Direct-instruction Model favors the use of teacher explanations and modeling combined with student practice and feedback to teach thinking skills.
Using this paradigm, this study incorporates e-learning during an 18-week experimental instruction period that includes 48
preservice teachers. The instructional design in this study emphasizes scaffolding, observational learning, mastery of critical-thinking
skills, guided practices, cooperative learning, providing feedback, self-reflection, online discussions, and active participation
in an online learning community. This study employs 2 critical-thinking tests, 2 inventories, and 1 open-ended reflection
questionnaire; and students’ scores on the pretest and posttest are compared via the Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance.
The primary findings are as follows: (a) all participants preferred the instructional design in this study; (b) the experimental
instruction effectively improved the preservice teachers’ critical-thinking ability as well as their professional knowledge
and personal teaching efficacy concerning critical-thinking instruction; (c) the mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness
of the experimental instruction mainly included discussing and sharing, observational learning, self-reflection, guided practice,
and the learning community. 相似文献
17.
18.
Getting the blend right in new learning environments: A complementary approach to online discussions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Philippa Gerbic 《Education and Information Technologies》2010,15(2):125-137
This paper reports some of the findings of a case study investigation of undergraduate student learning in online discussions
within a campus-based business course in New Zealand. The project explored predominantly Net Gener students’ perceptions of
the differences between face-to-face and online discussions and the role of these differences in their learning. The study
found that the students regarded the two environments as different but complementary for their learning and identified the
features of each discussion environment that supported their learning. A complementary framework, based on these student perspectives
is presented. These findings and the framework provide teachers and course designers with a new evidence-based approach for
including effective face-to-face and online discussions for Net Gener and other students within their courses. 相似文献
19.
This research investigated 68 secondary school students’ perceptions of their computer-mediated project-based learning environment
and their attitudes towards Project Work (PW) using two instruments—Project Work Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire
(PWCLEQ) and Project Work Related Attitudes Instrument (PWRAI). In this project-based learning environment, students experienced
a face-to-face classroom setting and e-learning by using a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) tool called ‘iCollaborate’
for online communication and project collaboration with peers from other countries. The PWCLEQ and PWRAI instruments were
used to evaluate the computer-mediated project-based learning environment using students’ perceptions of the learning environment
and to further investigate how their perceptions might affect their attitudes towards PW lessons. Students perceived the computer-mediated
project-based learning environment favourably but they preferred to experience more Material Environment and more Open-Endedness
and Social Presence. Simple correlation analysis revealed that all environment dimensions were significantly and positively
related to the students’ attitudes towards PW, while multiple regression analysis indicated that two scales, Instructor Support
and Social Presence, were the strongest predictors of attitudes towards PW lessons. 相似文献
20.