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1.
Alexey Matyushkin 《High Ability Studies》1991,1(1):72-75
The intensive restructuring of Soviet society has led to the decision to establish the National Centre on Creative Giftedness to lead theoretical and applied research on the nature of giftedness both in children and adults. The development of a gifted person is viewed as an ideal model of normal development. The psychology of giftedness includes investigations into the nature of creativity and creative personality growth; the structure and dynamics of general ability and special capacities; the psychophysiology of individual differences; psychogenetic studies. Applied research involves educational practices based on creative problem discovery and problem solving. General giftedness is viewed as primarily expressing itself in problem sensitivity and sensitivity to nonstandard ways of solving them. It also involves a high ability to anticipate and forecast the future. The integral components of giftedness are considered in terms of an evaluation function based on the individual's perspective, intellectual and emotional ‘standards’. Special abilities are viewed as emerging against the framework of general giftedness. 相似文献
2.
Robert J. Sternberg 《Roeper Review》2017,39(3):213-219
In this essay, I respond to commentators on my article on the Active Concerned Citizenship and Ethical Leadership (ACCEL) model for understanding giftedness. I cover a number of topics that arose in or out of the commentaries, in particular, systems inertia; toxic leadership; teaching for creativity; flight from reality; the role of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in teaching for wisdom; the developmental nature of giftedness; making a positive, meaningful, and enduring difference; IQ as a diagnostic tool rather than as a gatekeeper; meeting the needs of marginalized young people; teacher education; and retrospective studies. I conclude that the differences among all of us in this symposium are small and that we all agree that a model like ACCEL—whatever its exact terms—is needed to move the field of giftedness beyond a preoccupation with abilities, narrowly defined. 相似文献
3.
Larisa V. Shavinina 《High Ability Studies》1994,5(2):145-152
Intellectual giftedness is a complex psychological phenomenon. Further investigation of its essence requires study of unknown or little known phenomena, one of which is intellectual intentions. These can be considered the highest level of manifestation of the intellectual potentials of a personality. They can be defined as “subjective, internally developed standards of performance” and “norms of intellectually creative behaviour” (feeling of direction, beliefs, preferences, etc.). Understanding of intellectual intentions of gifted, creative and talented persons will provide fundamental information about the nature of giftedness. 相似文献
4.
Vlad P. Glăveanu 《Roeper Review》2017,39(4):226-229
In this response, we commend Sternberg’s Active Concerned Citizenship and Ethical Leadership (ACCEL) model yet urge him to consider an ACCEL-S model that more fully incorporates society’s integrative role in giftedness. ACCEL-S builds on the highly complex and contextual view of giftedness proposed by Sternberg and transforms it into a participatory framework. Within it, the skills associated with giftedness shape but are also shaped by social context; they generate meaningful forms of collaboration as well as grow out of them. The concept of giftedness itself is transformed from a person-centric one to a distributed model in which being gifted is a relational instead of purely personal achievement. 相似文献
5.
Laura Mazzoli Smith 《Teachers and Teaching》2016,22(2):255-267
The education of students identified as ‘gifted’ has had a highly problematic history, having been judged as conceptually confused, socially and ethnically discriminatory, and educationally exclusive. Despite this, it is argued that contemporary research and scholarship critiquing the concepts of giftedness and gifted education programmes may provide a base for teacher education and development generally, rather than only for those interested in giftedness. It has particular potential for altering teachers’ thinking about students’ ability. Such research has emphasised the developmental nature of intelligence, its multidimensional character and the sociopolitical role of the concept of ability in school systems. It is argued that the appropriate use of this research could contribute to a more equitable and inclusive model for teachers’ thinking and for practice in schooling. Five implications for teacher development are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Larisa Shavinina 《High Ability Studies》1996,7(1):91-98
Traditionally psychologists study various characteristics and traits of giftedness (i.e. its external manifestations). However, new perspectives on intellectual giftedness arise from the study of its inner mechanisms, which make it possible to understand the psychological basis of giftedness. The objectivization of cognition can be viewed as one such mechanism. This occurs when the cognition of an individual goes beyond the limits of the subjective space into the “superpersonal world”, beyond the world of everyday interests, where the global problems of civilization, human beings, natural existence, and science are dominant, and where human thinking is concentrated on the analysis of the objective events of reality. This phenomenon is seen in the work of Jean Piaget, Albert Einstein, R.B. Woodward, and especially the Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky. 相似文献
7.
In this article we draw on longitudinal, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies to address the relationship between giftedness in childhood and adulthood. Evidence points to the fact that children who became eminent adults did not necessarily fit conceptions of giftedness driving programs that currently exist in our schools. These findings suggest that special kinds of educational experiences and social contexts, access to tacit knowledge from mentors and parents, grouping with true intellectual or talent peers, appropriate support networks, and select personality dispositions of talented individuals need to be incorporated into our understandings of the talent development process. 相似文献
8.
Linda Kreger Silverman 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(3-4):36-58
The construct of giftedness as asynchrony has a strong theoretical foundation in the works of Hollingworth, Terrassier, Dabrowski, and Vygotsky. It is a child-centered perspective that can guide parenting, teaching, and counseling of gifted children. Asynchrony comprises uneven development, complexity, intensity, heightened awareness, risk of social alienation, and vulnerability. It is not a source of envy any more than its mirror image, retardation. When giftedness is equated with potential for success in adult life, it engenders backlash from those who believe that they are denied equal opportunity in the competition for fame and fortune. Asynchrony is not a competitive concept: More asynchrony is not better. Giftedness as asynchrony offers both an understanding of the inner experience of gifted individuals throughout the life span and a sound framework for responding to the developmental differences of this group. 相似文献
9.
Gary Saul Morson 《Academic Questions》1994,8(1):45-59
Editor's Note: This is the concluding essay in a three-part series in which Professor Morson examines the intellectual maladies of the
intelligentsia. The first essay, which appeared in the Spring 1993 issue, drew upon Russian intellectual history to clarify
the concept of “the intelligentsia” and suggested its utility for an understanding of the politicized segment of the American
professoriate. In the second essay, which appeared in the Winter 1993–94 issue, he contrasted the deterministic theories so
attractive to both these groups with choice as experienced in the day-to-day realm of contingent events.
Continuing this analysis, Professor Morson now examines “chronocentrism,” the view that the present moment is intellectually
privileged in comparison with the past, showing it to be another of the basic elements of utopian thought. Exploring the relationship
of multiple possibilities to intellectual freedom and pluralism, Professor Morson argues that there is a close connection
between the appreciation of “open time” on the one hand, and the belief in free-wheeling dialogue, the tolerance necessary
for democracy, intellectual modesty in the face of the world's complexity, and a rich sense of opinion, on the other. This
essay is an adaptation of the final chapter of his new book,Narrative and Freedom: The Shadows of Time, and appears by the generous permission of Yale University Press. 相似文献
10.
Ben Kotzee 《Educational theory》2011,61(5):549-564
In this essay Ben Kotzee addresses the implications of Bernard Williams's distinction between “thick” and “thin” concepts in ethics for epistemology and for education. Kotzee holds that, as in the case of ethics, one may distinguish between “thick” and “thin” concepts of epistemology and, further, that this distinction points to the importance of the study of the intellectual virtues in epistemology. Following Harvey Siegel, Kotzee contends that “educated” is a thick epistemic concept, and he explores the consequences of this for the subjects of epistemology and philosophy of education. Ultimately, Kotzee argues that its nature as a “thick” concept makes education suited to play an important role in explaining how the intellectual virtues can be acquired. 相似文献
11.
12.
In this article we present research concerning important aspects of domain-specific giftedness. Specifically, we address the evidence regarding the relationship between specific abilities and achievement. Empirical evidence suggests that specific abilities have been used widely and validly for identification of exceptional talent in performance domains, and mathematical and spatial reasoning ability have demonstrated predictive validity for achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains. We note that domains of talent have unique trajectories and discuss four critical aspects of domain-specific giftedness. These include the developmental nature of giftedness (giftedness moves from potential to competency to expertise and possibly to eminence over time); the temporal nature of giftedness (that domains vary in their starting, peak, and ending points); the contextual aspect of giftedness (societal value of some domains over others, changing of domains and emergence of new domains, and the environmental influences in fostering domain-specific achievement); and the relative nature of giftedness (childhood giftedness is advancement relative to age peers, and adult giftedness is exceptional achievement relative to other domain experts). Finally, we present some implications of a domain perspective on giftedness for educational practice. 相似文献
13.
Erin Morris Miller 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):172-177
Despite efforts to create alternative strategies to identify students from diverse backgrounds, there remains a disproportionately small minority representation in programs for the academically gifted. One reason for this discrepancy may be the effect of teachers’ theories of giftedness on how they nominate students for gifted programming. However, very little research has been conducted on teachers’ individual theories of giftedness. Inspiration for new ways of conducting research on theories of giftedness may come from research on concept and category formation from the field of cognitive psychology. 相似文献
14.
世界经济的一体化发展,带来了知识产权法律保护措施的完善、保护范围的扩大和保护水平的提高,同时也改变了各国知识产权立法各自为政的格局,推动了知识产权国际保护的进程,也决定了知识产权保护呈现出国际化的发展趋势。本对知识产权国际保护中存在的几种错误观点进行了剖析,对“国际化”概念作了较为深入地探究,指出了在信息化时代知识产权保护的国际化所面临的困难与挑战,最后结合本国实际谈谈中国今后在知识产权国际保护中的几点努力。 相似文献
15.
A. Harry Passow 《High Ability Studies》1991,2(1):5-11
Research on giftedness and programs for fostering its development often neglect the affective component: the social, emotional and personal components which release (or block) a person's abilities. One problem of gifted children is that their accelerated intellectual development may outstrip affective development. Nonetheless, available research findings paint a positive picture of the social‐emotional characteristics of such children. Among other things they tend to be highly motivated, have a positive self‐concept and be particularly sensitive to social and ethical issues. This suggests that designers of learning experiences should pay greater attention to the affective aspects of instruction. All subject areas offer opportunities for stressing the affective dimension, science as much as literature. This involves creating a classroom climate which offers an “invitational” environment. The highly developed social values of gifted children suggest that they can be encouraged to apply their talents to the solution of the myriad problems with which contemporary society is afflicted. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Bals 《High Ability Studies》1999,10(1):97-105
This article presents an overview of the status and organisation of vocational education in Germany in general, and discusses a pioneering effort of providing for the vocationally gifted in particular. The basis for this presentation is personal observation and research, particularly in the light of a major multidisciplinary research project, launched by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science, aimed at evaluating recent efforts to promote vocational giftedness and to suggest a workable understanding of the theoretical construct. The effort of focusing vocational giftedness is still in its infancy, but results so far are promising and bode well for the future. 相似文献
17.
On the Relevance of Research Findings in Cognitive Neuroscience to Educational Practice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In their target article, Byrnes and Fox (1998) argue that many of the recent findings from the field of cognitive neuroscience have particular importance for education. In our commentary, we lend support to their contention by reporting on some of our work that has potential relevance to the proposed interface between cognitive neuroscience and education. Specifically, we discuss the findings from several studies investigating the neuropsychology of intellectual giftedness, and sex differences in the brain, each of which suggest a unique functional organization that differentiates gifted from average ability adolescents, as well as males from females. We further propose that the translation of cognitive neuroscience findings into specialized classroom instructional methods which capitalize on the plasticity of the brain, as well as the apparent individual differences in its functional organization, may be the most significant challenge facing those in the front-lines of educational practice. 相似文献
18.
Ruth Cigman 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):197-212
The concept of giftedness is frequently challenged on the grounds that 1) it is a ragged or slippery concept, 2) it is inegalitarian, 3) it is culturally arbitrary, and 4) it fails to distinguish children with natural ability from children who are parentally pressured. I argue that all these charges are unfounded. We can distinguish between naturally gifted and pressured children, but not of course unless we embrace the distinction conceptually. Contrary to the egalitarian argument, moreover, it is claimed that the concept of natural ability (not to be confused with the concept of innate intelligence) is required for a just approach to education. Without this concept, two kinds of children are likely to escape our notice: the bright, disadvantaged under‐achiever and the successful but pressured ‘trophy child’. Both, it is argued, require identification and support. Slippery slope objections are addressed, as is the charge of cultural arbitrariness. I conclude that giftedness is conceptually challenging because decisions about who is and is not gifted bring us to the threshold of our disagreements about values. The ball is then thrown back into the detractors’ court. 相似文献
19.
Helena Scheblanova 《High Ability Studies》1996,7(1):51-54
This research was carried out as part of the Moscow‐Munich Longitudinal Study of Giftedness, and is based on a multidimensional giftedness concept. A total of 73 gifted students in the first grade (7‐8 years old) were selected from 650 students with the help of a two stage procedure, using teachers' checklists and the Russian version of the KFT, a test of intellectual abilities, and a test of creativity. A control group of the same age consisted of 76 unselected pupils. The groups were tested using the same methods in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Intellectual abilities, creativity, motivation, and other personal characteristics were observed. Significant differences between gifted and nongifted students were found in intellectual domains; there were no sex differences in the cognitive sphere, but teachers considered the girls more gifted than the boys; a relationship between cognitive and personal factors was revealed but this was not very stable. The results demonstrated that gifted students need special support and education. 相似文献
20.
David Yun Dai 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(10):1514-1527
The history of giftedness pertains to historical changes regarding how giftedness is conceptualized and defined, and how it serves the practical purpose of identifying gifted children and providing them an appropriate education. The past century has witnessed debates and controversies about what constitutes this elusive human quality we deem “gifted.” Overall, it has undergone significant changes from monolithic, static to more pluralistic, dynamic conceptions. The first part of this article delineates historical changes in the past 100 years in our understanding of the nature and development of giftedness, followed by the second part on the changing ways we define, assess, and identify gifted children or gifted potential for intervention purposes. The final part of this article depicts a broad trend toward expanding gifted education to a wider range of students, with the understanding that gifts and talents are widely distributed in student populations, and the deliberate cultivation of human potential should not be confined to a selected few. 相似文献