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1.
Matter and Interactions (M&I) has recently been adopted as a novel introductory physics course that focuses on the application
of a small number of fundamental physical principles to the atomic and molecular nature of matter. This study investigated
how five physics teaching assistants (TAs) developed professional knowledge for teaching from their teaching experiences.
Specifically, we explored what experiences influenced their knowledge development for teaching the innovative introductory
physics course, M&I. Through a qualitative, multiple case study research design, data was collected from multiple sources:
non-participant observations, digitally recorded video, semistructured interviews, TAs’ written reflections, and researchers’
field notes. As TA’s progressed through the semester, two experiences emerged as having a significant role in their development
of knowledge for teaching M&I: (1) setting teaching, learning, and curriculum goals for their classes; and (2) encountering
dilemmas of teaching and learning. The results of this study will contribute to future preparation of the innovative introductory
physics course as well as other college level science courses. 相似文献
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Delia Marshall 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(10):1255-1268
This article reports on a phenomenographic‐based study of the expectations of teaching among undergraduate physics students. Data are drawn from a range of course‐contexts at each of two quite different universities — one South African and one Swedish — and five qualitatively different expectations of physics teaching are identified and exemplified. These range from presenting knowledge to facilitating personal development and agency. Implications of possible mismatches between students’ and lecturers’ expectations of physics teaching are discussed in relation to students’ learning experiences. 相似文献
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Kaarle Kurki-Suonio 《Science & Education》2011,20(3-4):211-243
This article sketches a framework of ideas developed in the context of decades of physics teacher-education that was entitled the "perceptional approach". Individual learning and the scientific enterprise are interpreted as different manifestations of the same process aimed at understanding the natural and social worlds. The process is understood to possess the basic nature of perception, where empirical meanings are first born and then conceptualised. The accumulation of perceived gestalts in the ??structure of the mind?? leads to structural perception and the generation of conceptual hierarchies, which form a general principle for the expansion of our understanding. The process undergoes hierarchical development from early sensory perception to individual learning and finally to science. The process is discussed in terms of a three-process dynamic. Scientific and technological processes are driven by the interaction of the mind and nature. They are embedded in the social process due to the interaction of individual minds. These sub-processes are defined by their aims: The scientific process affects the mind and aims at understanding; the technological process affects nature and aims at human well-being; and the social process aims at mutual agreement and cooperation. In hierarchical development the interaction of nature and the mind gets structured into a ??methodical cycle?? by procedures involving conscious activities. Its intuitive nature is preserved due to subordination of the procedures to empirical meanings. In physics, two dimensions of hierarchical development are distinguished: Unification development gives rise to a generalisation hierarchy of concepts; Quantification development transfers the empirical meanings to quantities, laws and theories representing successive hierarchical levels of quantitative concepts. Consequences for physics teaching are discussed in principle, and in the light of examples and experiences from physics teacher education. 相似文献
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As part of a project concerned with developing a better understanding of the detail of appropriate teaching of direct current
(DC) electricity concepts, extensive individual interviews were conducted with a number of experienced senior high school
physics teachers. These interviews explored teachers’ perceptions of difficulties in student learning and their own teaching
of DC electricity, their uses of models and analogies in this teaching, and their own understandings of the concepts of DC
electricity. Eight high school physics teachers from the Australian state of Victoria were interviewed: three who had a strong
focus on student understanding in their classrooms and five who used more traditional approaches. We also interviewed three
authors of textbooks then currently used in senior high school physics in Victoria, all of whom were also teachers of high
school physics. All but one of these eleven interviewees was a very experienced teacher of DC electricity at the senior high
school level. The interview data are summarized and implications for curriculum and teaching/learning of electricity are considered.
There was a wide range of views among the teachers about the difficulties of both the concepts of DC electricity and the teaching
of these concepts, and about the nature of physics knowledge. A number of the interviewees revealed levels of conceptual understanding
that we see as of concern. Some of the teachers whose understanding causes us concern made clear early in the interview their
view that the concepts of DC electricity were essentially straight forward; in all cases these interviewees had by the end
of the interview reconsidered this position. 相似文献
5.
The evolution of physics teaching and research in the two most important Romanian intellectual centers Bucharest and Jassy is discussed. Three stages of historical development are reported: 1860–1890: teaching process is predominant; period of first laboratories setting-up; sporadic researches in Physics Departments of Universities; 1890–1940: appearance of small dedicated research centers around Universities (Meteorological, Seismological, Electrotechnical Institutes); after the World War II: founding of contemporary Physics Institutes, e.g. Institute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest. The recognition role played by the Romanian Academy (Scientifical Sessions and Journals) is mentioned. Short biographies of the most important professors-physicists from 1860 to 1940 are presented. Celebrations, in 1996, of one century from the first atomic physics experiment in Romania (a X-ray radiography by D. Hurmuzescu) and of the 100th birthday of H. Hulubei, the founder of modern Romanian Physics are discussed. 相似文献
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A characterization of the modelling process in science is proposed for science education, based on Mario Bunge’s ideas about the construction of models in science. Galileo’s Dialogues are analysed as a potentially fruitful starting point to implement strategies aimed at modelling in the classroom in the light of that proposal. It is argued that a modelling process for science education can be conceived as the evolution from phenomenological approaches towards more representational ones, emphasizing the role of abstraction and idealization in model construction. The shift of reference of theories—from sensible objects to conceptual objects—and the black-box models construction process, which are both explicitly presented features in Galileo’s Dialogues, are indicated as highly relevant aspects for modelling in science education. 相似文献
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Heike Theyßen Sarah Struzyna Elliot Mylott Ralf Widenhorn 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(5):865-883
In this paper, we present the design and the results of a comparative study that evaluated the success of a transfer of an online-teaching resource between two universities, one in Germany and one in the USA. The teaching resource is an online physics lab that has been used in the physics education of medical students in Germany since 2003. The online lab covers geometrical optics and the optics of the human eye using interactive screen experiments. It was translated and transferred to a university in the USA where it was used and evaluated with a group of pre-health students. In a cross-national study, students’ backgrounds (demographic data, selected cognitive abilities, previous knowledge, and self-concept in physics), students’ attitudes towards the online lab, and their learning gain were compared. The results show significant differences between the German and the US cohorts with regard to students’ backgrounds. Despite these differences, the outcomes are similar, with slightly higher leaning gains for the US students. Students’ attitudes towards the online lab are similar in both countries but tend to be more positive among the US students. The results indicate that the transfer of the online lab to another educational system was successful. 相似文献
8.
The present study takes an interdisciplinary mathematics–physics approach to the acquisition of the concept of angle by children in Grades 3–5. This paper first presents the theoretical framework we developed, then we analyse the concept of angle and the difficulties pupils have with it. Finally, we report three experimental physics‐based teaching sequences tested in three classrooms. We showed that at the end of each teaching sequence the pupils had a good grasp of the concept of angle, they had truly appropriated the physics knowledge at play, and many pupils are enable to successfully grasp new physics situations in which the angle plays a highly meaningful role. Using a physics framework to introduce angles in problem situations is then pertinent: by interrelating different spaces, pupils were able to acquire skills in the domains of mathematics, physics, and modelling. In conclusion, we discuss the respective merits of each problem situation proposed. 相似文献
9.
Imelda S. Caleon Yuen Sze Michelle Tan Young Hoan Cho 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(1):117-149
This study utilized multiple data sources to examine the beliefs about learning and teaching physics and the instructional practices of five beginning teachers and seven experienced teachers from Singapore. Our study was implemented in the unique context of teachers teaching the topic of electricity to students grouped according to academic abilities. The topic of electricity is one of the most difficult physics topics for students to understand and for teachers to teach. It was found that the experienced teachers, compared to the beginning teachers, tended to have beliefs about teaching and learning physics that are closer to constructivist views. The majority of the teachers, particularly the beginning teachers, espoused beliefs about learning physics that were incongruent with their beliefs about teaching physics. Although transmission-oriented and teacher-directed practices dominated the classroom lessons of both groups of teachers, more elements of constructivist instruction were found in the classroom lessons of the experienced teachers. It was also found that the classroom practices of the teachers, especially those in their inductive years of teaching, were more aligned with their beliefs about learning physics than their beliefs about teaching physics. 相似文献
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佚名 《英语大王(小学)》2011,(5):7-7
译文：在一堂物理课上，老师问学生们一个问题：“打雷的时候，为什么我们是先看到闪电，再听到打雷声呢？”就在其他学生冥思苦想时，萨姆举起了手。 相似文献
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刘洪毓 《中学英语园地(高三版)》2005,(2)
MissRosetaughtphysicsinaLondonschool.Lastweekshewasex-plaining(讲解)tooneofherclassesaboutsound,andshedecidedtotestthemtoseehowsuccessful(成功的)shehadbeeninherwork.Shesaidtothem,“Now,IhaveasisterinWashington.IfIwascallingheronthetelephone,andatthesametimeyouwere20metresaway,andlistenedtomefromtheothersideofthestreet,whocouldhearwhatIsaidearlier,mysisteroryou,andwhy?Thecleverestboyatonceanswered,“Yoursister,MissRose,becauseelec-tricity(电)travelsfasterthansoundwaves(声波).”“Thatsveryg… 相似文献
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Thought Experiments are powerful tools in both scientific thinking and in the teaching of science. In this study, the historical Thought Experiment (TE) ‘Newton’s Cannon’ was used as a tool to teach concepts relating to the motion of satellites to students at upper secondary level. The research instruments were: (a) a teaching-interview designed and implemented according to the Teaching Experiment methodology and (b) an open-ended questionnaire administered to students 2 weeks after the teaching-interview. The sample consisted of forty students divided into eleven groups. The teaching and learning processes which occurred during the teaching-interview were recorded and analyzed. The findings of the present study show that the use of the TE helped students to mentally construct a physical system which has nothing to do with their everyday experience (i.e. they had to imagine themselves as observers in a context in which the whole Earth was visible) and to draw conclusions about phenomena within this system. Specifically, students managed (1) to conclude that if an object is appropriately launched, it may be placed in an orbit around the Earth and to support this conclusion by giving necessary arguments, and (2) to realize that the same laws of physics describe, on the one hand, the motion of the Moon around the Earth (and the motion of other celestial bodies as well) and, on the other hand, the motion of ‘terrestrial’ objects (i.e. objects on the Earth, such as a tennis ball). The main difficulties students met were caused by their idea that there is no gravity in the vacuum (i.e. the area outside of the Earth’s atmosphere) and also by their everyday experience, according to which it is impossible for a projectile to move continuously parallel to the ground. 相似文献
14.
佚名 《英语大王(小学)》2007,(3)
二阿、肠甲:叭巾即it thunders，why do we see the fore hearing the thunde口什么我们总是先看到闪电丁尹A Physics Question@佚名
@陈烨霓$我们的工作室~~ 相似文献
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孟昭惠同志的这份教案,清晰、明确,针对不同水平学生的情况,有梯度地设计了提问,展示了一个较好的教学方法,可供外语教师们参考。同志们在备课和准备教案时,一定要从本校的实际出发,区别学生的不同情况,提出不同的要求,务使全体学生都能学有所得。 相似文献
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Paul Lindsay 《通化师范学院学报》2003,(7)
Many Teachers get their first jobs in schools abroad wherethe classes are monolingual -- meaning they have a commonlanguage and culture which is usually different from theteacher's. This contrasts with most teacher-training courses,which are held in English-speaking countries where teachersusually practice with multilingual classes, with groups of stu-dents of mixed languages and cultures. Furthermore, the 相似文献
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