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1.
C.C.F Blake 《Endeavour》1978,2(3):137-141
It is characteristic of hormones that they can elicit full response in their target cells at exceedingly low concentrations. Further, although they are individually very specific in their action they co-ordinate the activity of the body as a whole. Recent research has begun to reveal a mechanism of action of hormones, at the molecular level, that satisfactorily explains their characterisitics.  相似文献   

2.
马旭攀  骆发东 《科教文汇》2012,(27):185-186
随着越来越多的男护士涉足护理行业,打破了传统观念——护理是女性所特有的行业,并为护理事业全面深入的发展注入新的活力。但由于中国数千年的传统观念的束缚,男护得不到大众的认可,社会认同度较低。这种观念在一定程度上也影响着在校男护生和在职男护的工作、生活和学习,使他们不同程度地存在一些心理问题。通过＂男护心理状态及社会认同度调查分析＂的问卷调查,了解男护的心理状态以及社会对他们的认同度,找到解决问题的办法,消除心理问题。  相似文献   

3.
The main indexes to recent drug literature have been studied using a file of nearly 400 references to a new class of drugs, the histamine H2-receptor antagonists. The results are analysed with reference to the inclusion of references in the data bases, retrieval by searches for non-proprietary names, and timeliness. It has been found that the systems examined—ASCA, Ringdoc, Drugdoc, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts and Medlars/Index Medicus—differ considerably in their coverage of conference abstracts and their indexing of general articles, although they all retrieve most of the main pharmacological papers. Attention is drawn to the high proportion of conference abstracts in the literature of this expanding field.  相似文献   

4.
Cloud computing providers and their software-as-a-service offerings have become more profuse and mature, making cloud technology an increasingly important platform for business services innovation. Although the cloud offers rich opportunities for transforming businesses—innovating existing services and introducing creative new ones—it also involves risks that business managers must identify and resolve to successfully drive innovation efforts. However, no comprehensive models are available to help managers assess and mitigate the risks they face. To address this void, we reviewed extant literature on cloud computing from a business innovation perspective to uncover the myriad challenges managers confront as they seek to leverage cloud technology in the ongoing transformation of their organization’s service offerings. Combining this systematic literature analysis with relevant theory, we synthesized an integrated model for managing risk during innovation of cloud-based business services. The model identifies three types of risks (services, technology, and process risks) and four types of resolutions (stakeholder engagement, technology development, innovation planning, and innovation control). The model also helps managers identify their organization’s general risk profile and link that profile to a specific configuration of resolutions.  相似文献   

5.
This article looks at the attitudes of UK academics toward new media, utilizing organizational and sociocultural understandings of fields of scholarly enquiry. It focuses on four traditionally distinct disciplines—art and design, computer science, health science, and politics and international relations—representative of the range of approaches in higher education. Agreement was found among respondents across disciplinary communities about what new media represent and how they support their work. Analysis of semantic differential charts identified two dimensions underlying attitudes—“flexibility” and “fitness for scholarly purposes.” Rather than being anchored by epistemological divisions, new media are assessed by practical viewpoints relating to the activity types they allow, and by traditional measures of reliability. In response to questions about other characteristics of their disciplines (such as reputation and audience diversity), distinctions are in evidence, although in some cases these are not traditional ones.  相似文献   

6.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):349-369
The production of information has been accepted as a new economic factor for urbanisation, particularly in the industrialised world. It creates new urban employment opportunities, changes urban spatial patterns, transforms demographic structures and social patterns. This ‘new’ production activity has been introduced into the Asian Pacific region — often by multinational corporations — and now begins to make its presence felt in major cities. This paper investigates the nature of the information industry in general, the role of multinational corporations and attempts to understand especially the effects of international information demand on Third World urbanisation. More specifically, it attempts to assess their relationship to urbanisation in the Asian Pacific countries. Lastly, it hopes to formulate areas and issues for further research.  相似文献   

7.
The growing number of ‘smart’ instruments, those equipped with AI, has raised concerns because these instruments make autonomous decisions; that is, they act beyond the guidelines provided them by programmers. Hence, the question the makers and users of smart instrument (e.g., driver-less cars) face is how to ensure that these instruments will not engage in unethical conduct (not to be conflated with illegal conduct). The article suggests that to proceed we need a new kind of AI program—oversight programs—that will monitor, audit, and hold operational AI programs accountable.  相似文献   

8.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):43-70
It is often claimed that the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is no longer as creative as it once was. Management consultants and the management methods they encourage are often held to blame. While managerialism has certainly been rampant in the BBC over the last decade, it is not clear that creativity has suffered in consequence. The paper compares current concerns about the BBC with very similar concerns voiced by Tom Burns some 40 years ago. The comparison allows the tentative conclusion that management consultants and their methods are a symptom rather than a cause. What threatens creativity, and has always threatened creativity, is managerial control. Heavy reliance on management consultants seems to indicate a determination to control that is likely to be inimical to creativity. With sufficient managerial control, trust becomes superfluous and professionalism is judged in terms of loyalty to the organisation—the difference, as Tom Burns noted long ago, between working for the BBC and working in the BBC.  相似文献   

9.
It is a matter of common experience that certain plants react by movement—often surprisingly rapid—to physical stimuli. These movements are the result of turgor changes in the cells concerned and these are triggered by chemical messengers known as turgorins. This article reviews recent developments in this field and shows that these highly active plant hormones have relatively simple structures.  相似文献   

10.
王磐 《科教文汇》2011,(17):62-64
随着素质教育的推行和社会经济的迅猛发展,我们阔步走进21世纪——信息时代和知识经济时代。对广大英语教育者来说,这是一个创新的时代。创新就是创未有之新,如果没有科学研究就找不到创新的路子,就发现不了创新的问题,也就无创新可言。  相似文献   

11.
Nowadays, it is a common practice for healthcare professionals to spread medical knowledge by posting health articles on social media. However, promoting users’ intention to share such articles is challenging because the extent of sharing intention varies in their eHealth literacy (high or low) and the content valence of the article that they are exposed to (positive or negative). This study investigates boundary conditions under which eHealth literacy and content valence help to increase users’ intention to share by introducing a moderating role of confirmation bias—a tendency to prefer information that conforms to their initial beliefs. A 2 (eHealth literacy: high vs. low) × 2 (content valence: positive vs. negative) between-subjects experiment was conducted in a sample of 80 participants. Levels of confirmation bias ranging from extreme negative bias to extreme positive bias among the participants were assessed during the experiment. Results suggested that: (1) users with a high level of eHealth literacy were more likely to share positive health articles when they had extreme confirmation bias; (2) users with a high level of eHealth literacy were more likely to share negative health articles when they had moderate confirmation bias or no confirmation bias; (3) users with a low level of eHealth literacy were more likely to share health articles regardless of positive or negative content valence when they had moderate positive confirmation bias. This study sheds new light on the role of confirmation bias in users’ health information sharing. Also, it offers implications for health information providers who want to increase the visibility of their online health articles: they need to consider readers’ eHealth literacy and confirmation bias when deciding the content valence of the articles.  相似文献   

12.
Economists typically define innovation as a process or practice that is new to an industry; hence they emphasize a firm's speed of innovation relative to other firms in the industry. Organizational theorists, on the other hand, usually focus on the number of products or processes that are new to the firm; hence, they emphasize innovation magnitude. This study builds a bridge between these two approaches by exploring the link between two dimensions of innovation—speed and magnitude—and two measures of a firm's performance—objective financial reports and executive ratings of perceived effectiveness. We propose that each dimension of innovation will be associated with a different measure of firm performance. Using data from the commercial banking industry, we find interesting results that partially support our predictions based on the theory that different dimensions are indeed linked to different measures of performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
It appears, in the light of the facts presented in the foregoing, that the manganese situation is one of serious importance—one that warrants thoughtful consideration on the part of those interested in the subject. The possibility of metallurgical science discovering a substitute deoxidizer which will take the place of manganese, either in whole or in part, appears to be an alluring one. Naturally, any attempt at such an endeavor will call for a large amount of labor on the part of many men, and it is not to be supposed that the final solution of the problem will be effected in any short time. The matter of obtaining suitable coöperation with steel makers for the use of their plants so that experiments may be carried out on a scale commensurate with that of practice is one that will have to be taken care of by research men who hope to contribute in large measure to any progress along this line. Steel works laboratories have an opportunity before them, if they have not already grasped it—and they apparently have not, if published data can be any criterion. A recent investigation carried out in this country appears to be the first well-defined attempt in this direction.  相似文献   

14.
In this paper, we reflect on some issues basic to the understanding of scientific creativity, including the nature of the “Ah Hah” experience; the relationship of that experience to perseverance; the development of a technique that fits one's personal strengths; the tension between building on and breaking out of intellectual traditions; and, because science is a social endeavor, some ways in which truly novel work has gained acceptance.This paper grows out of a set of interviews with the 2002 Franklin Institute Laureates. The interviews lead us to pay attention to the pairing of analytic ability with synthetic ability. The literature on problem solving has emphasized the importance of synthetic ability in scientific creativity, but has not paid equal attention to this pairing.Looking just at analytic ability, we find the Laureates continually rely on this ability when confronting new realms. Thus, instead of having felt anxiety as they moved into the fields which they have opened up, they experienced emotions ranging from comfort to joy.The Laureates often move into new fields. Their analytic skill allows them to do so with confidence and their creative curiosity gives them a taste for it. And working in their new and “uncrowded” fields they are free to pursue their own take on their own problems. Perhaps this lack of competitive pressure contributes to the personal satisfaction that runs through this group.  相似文献   

15.
Historically, organizations owned and controlled the information technologies (IT) their employees used: telephone, inter-office memos, mainframes and timesharing systems. Today, employees often want to use their own IT: not only personal smart phones and tablets, but also Twitter and Google Docs. This new trend can diversify and extend enterprise IT infrastructure, but leaves organizations struggling with technology uses that they cannot control. With the emergence of new technological paradigms in consumer markets and organizations, the management of IT infrastructure requires a more pragmatic and holistic approach that goes beyond simple technological considerations. In this paper, we present a three-part framework—technology, people and practice—that helps managers understand and mitigate these tensions. Drawing on two empirical studies of European executives and consultants form multiple management consulting firms, the paper further outlines changes taking place along the three aspects of the framework. It concludes by discussing three distinct approaches to the management of organizational IT infrastructure (passive, reactive, and pragmatic), and by offering greater insight regarding a pragmatic approach.  相似文献   

16.
The mobile Internet (MI) has been hyped as the next big thing by telecom operators, handset manufacturers, and content providers. However, recent studies indicate that the usage of Internet via mobile phones has remained quite flat. The authors inquire into this discrepancy by focusing on actual usage of the MI and the motivating factors behind its use. Based on focus-group interviews in Norway and Hungary, they argue that MI usage is interrelated with and is an extension of the personal computer (PC)–based Internet. The key motivation behind MI use is to attain information in situations in which the PC is out of reach. In effect, MI has not led to the development of new usages. The expectation that the development of new killer applications will lead to an explosion of new usage is therefore misguided. MI usage is and will perhaps continue to be a mere extension of PC-based Internet usage—and such use activities are the very nature of MI.  相似文献   

17.
The documents retrieved by a web search are useful if the information they contain contributes to some task or information need. To measure search result utility, studies have typically focused on perceived usefulness rather than on actual information use. We investigate the actual usefulness of search results—as indicated by their use as sources in an extensive writing task—and the factors that make a writer successful at retrieving useful sources. Our data comprise 150 essays written by 12 writers whose querying, clicking and writing activities were recorded. By tracking authors’ text reuse behavior, we quantify the search results’ contribution to the task more accurately than before. We model the overall utility of the search results retrieved throughout the writing process using path analysis, and compare a binary utility model (Reuse Events) to one that quantifies a degree of utility (Reuse Amount). The Reuse Events model has greater explanatory power (63% vs. 48%); in both models, the number of clicks is by far the strongest predictor of useful results—with β-coefficients up to 0.7—while dwell time has a negative effect (β between −0.14 and −0.21). As a conclusion, we propose a new measure of search result usefulness based on a source’s contribution to an evolving text. Our findings are valid for tasks where text reuse is allowed, but also have implications on designing indicators of search result usefulness for general writing tasks.  相似文献   

18.
信息网络时代培养大学生媒介素养刻不容缓   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
陈钰  范晓谚 《科教文汇》2013,(36):40-41
信息网络时代,大众媒介正在侵袭着人类的灿烂文明,它对大学生的影响已经到了“全方位”、“全天候”的程度,从根本上改变着他们的学习、生活、思维和处事的方式。谁也不能否认现代媒介给社会和个人发展带来了许多的积极影响。但与此同时,大学生不可避免地受到无所不在的媒介所制造的大众文化的负面浸染。因此为了促进大学生的健康成长,培养大学生具备信息时代的新素质——媒介素养,已刻不容缓。  相似文献   

19.
In Indonesia mobile technology has come at the end of 35 years of the Suharto regime, and in its aftermath an era of new openness. Not surprisingly mobile phones are by many Indonesians associated with the new freedoms of this post-1998 period, facilitating newly emergent youth cultures, a hip mobile lifestyle as well as experiments with novel sexual identities. In a country characterized by stark contrasts—between center and periphery, city and countryside, and the rich and the poor—this has at the same time resulted in an uneven spread of technology, and thus in the coexistence of very diverse cellular markets. Through deliberating the pros and cons of mobile technology, new possibilities the phone seems to offer, and the often creative solutions people find in gaining access to mobility, it is shown how Indonesians try coming to terms with the otherwise abstract notion of (post)modernity.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

This exploratory study investigates the encounters and everyday experiences with the Facebook algorithm of 18 informants in Yangon, Myanmar. It draws on domestication theory and research on algorithms to understand how users come to use and respond to Facebook. Findings showed that their particular perception of Facebook algorithm—Friends funnel information—informs their domestication process, wherein they add strangers as Friends to draw more information flows to their News Feeds.  相似文献   

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