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Maria Bakardjieva 《The Information Society》2015,31(3):244-256
This article takes the concept and some of the existing applications of socialbots—software robots that operate on social networking sites and present themselves as human users—as an occasion to trace the evolution of online sociality. The argument mobilizes theories of social rationalization from Max Weber to contemporary critical theory to demonstrate that the appearance of automated profiles (socialbots) on social networking platforms can be seen as a logical step in the progressive enclosure of online social interaction in standardized, simplified, and trivialized forms, frames, and gestures. Critical questions concerning what the growth of robo-sociality may mean for individual users and the online public sphere are posed with a view to charting the directions for a needed public debate. 相似文献
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This paper explores the use of specialist knowledge providers as sources of information in the innovation activities of manufacturing and service firms. Specialist knowledge providers are consultancies, private research organisations and the public science-base (i.e., universities and the government research laboratories). These may be engaged by firms in co-operative arrangement for innovation or as informal sources of information. We find, as anticipated, that amongst other factors specialist knowledge providers are more likely to be engaged by firms with more open approaches to innovation, those with high levels of absorptive capacity, those with greater social capital and networking capabilities, as well as by those with deeper commitments to innovation. Overall, the use of specialist knowledge providers tends to complement firms’ own internal innovation activities and to complement other external sources of knowledge. Moreover, the individual types of specialist knowledge providers tend to complement rather than substitute for one another. Beyond this we find significant differences in the types of specialist knowledge providers used by manufacturing and service firms. Although service firms are more likely than manufacturers to use specialist knowledge providers, they are more likely to engage consultants, whilst their links with research-based organisations, including the public science-base, are weaker. We ask whether there is a case for increasing the extent to which the public science-base undertakes activities that are relevant to innovation in the services. 相似文献
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Minna JanhonenAuthor Vitae Jan-Erik JohansonAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):217-225
This study aims to find out how different processes of knowledge management and patterns of social networking affect team performance. Our data on teams originate from a sample of different organizations from a variety of both public and private industries in Finland (76 teams; 499 employees). One of the main deficiencies in the current literature on knowledge and networks is that they tend to concentrate on specific types of teams in a single organization context. Our aim was to put the team phenomenon into an everyday context by analysing the interplay of knowledge creation and social networks in teams which function on a permanent basis in a variety of industry contexts. Both knowledge creation and social networking contributed to performance, but the results showed that whereas team members see the knowledge conversion processes as central to performance, top management emphasize the importance of social networks in value creation. In our examination, lively interaction between team members, combined with team leaders’ intra-organizational networks, contributed to team performance. 相似文献
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随着21世纪互联网的发展及计算机网络在初、高等教育中的普及,社交网络在中国各大高校发展得如火如荼。社交网络渐渐地融入了高校大学生的日常生活,潜移默化地影响着大学生的思想活动、道德行为、心理健康及学习态度等。作为影响大学生思想教育新载体的社交网络应该受到各大高校教育者对于大学生思想教育工作方面的重视。社交网络产生的影响不仅促进大学生与同群体及外界的交流,也可能因其信息传播的不当而对产生负面影响。因而,高校教育者面对既是机遇,又是挑战的思想教育新形式的社交网络,必须顺应信息时代的发展,剔除社交网络对大学生思想教育的不利因素,从而开辟大学生思想教育新天地,积极地对其进行疏导和科学的指引。 相似文献
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James L. ParrishJr. 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(2):187-193
The advent of social networking sites has changed the face of the information society Mason wrote of 23 years ago necessitating
a reevaluation of the social contracts designed to protect the members of the society. Despite the technological and societal
changes that have happened over the years, the information society is still based on the exchange of information. This paper
examines various historical events involving social networking sites through the lens of the PAPA framework (Mason 1986) to highlight select ethical issues regarding the sharing of information in the social-networking age. Four preliminary principles
are developed to guide the ethical use of social networking sites (SNS). 相似文献
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Alistair Black 《The Information Society》2001,17(1):63-80
Contrary to the "retro" image often awarded them, and despite their continuing enthusiasm and responsibility for the organization of printed materials, librarians are upbeat about the prospects of an information society driven primarily by electronic technologies, but in which libraries can play an important part. Public librarians detect a natural correlation between the historic democratic mission of their institution and the increased accessibility made possible by digitalized sources. The library community's acceptance of the information society idea as a "given" social phenomenon supports discourses that play down historical continuities and herald the dawn of a new age. Such discourses ignore or reject historical evidence that points to the existence of past information societies, revolutions, and infrastructures defined, in part, by the operation of indirect surveillance, constituted by the bureaucratic information systems of modernity. Victorian Britain serves as a good example of an early information society, to which public libraries, themselves micro-information societies, contributed significantly. The role played by public librarians in the Victorian information society, illustrated in this article by evidence drawn from the contemporary library press, is seen in their preoccupation with the surveillance and ordering of knowledge; their adoption for library operations of the businesslike, bureaucratic procedures described recently by business historians; and their panoptic tracking of users and their activities. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]学术社交网络是开展知识交流与学术合作的重要平台，对iSchool成员用户的研究有助于图情学科研究人员合理利用学术社交网络。[方法/过程]本文以ResearchGate （RG）为例，采集61所iSchool成员机构的用户行为数据，依据被关注—关注比例指标进行用户细分，并从地区与层级角度对用户结构及利用差异进行比较分析。[结果/结论]地区角度，北美机构拥有较多明星型用户且注重展现与互动，亚太机构用户则更倾向于搜寻信息；层级角度，iCaucus机构用户更偏好学术资源分享，低层级机构用户跟踪获取学术资源的需求则更普遍。此外，iSchool成员机构能被RG指标进行良好的层级区分，学术影响力和层级领先的机构表现出更大的学术影响，因此应进一步合理拓展对学术社交网络的利用。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]通过融合用户社交与情境信息,构建虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型并开展个性化知识推荐算法的设计,能够在一定程度上完善虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐方法的理论体系,具有一定的理论价值和应用价值。[方法/过程]首先构建出基于用户社交与情境信息的虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型,然后利用改进的最大团算法设计出虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐算法,最后通过选取某虚拟知识社区的用户数据进行实例分析实现精准的个性化知识推荐。[结果/结论]在利用融合用户社交与情境信息进行虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐过程中,通过对某虚拟知识社区的实例分析,表明其个性化知识推荐结果的精准度得到了显著的提升。 相似文献
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Gordon Hull Heather Richter Lipford Celine Latulipe 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):289-302
Social networking sites like Facebook are rapidly gaining in popularity. At the same time, they seem to present significant
privacy issues for their users. We analyze two of Facebooks’s more recent features, Applications and News Feed, from the perspective
enabled by Helen Nissenbaum’s treatment of privacy as “contextual integrity.” Offline, privacy is mediated by highly granular
social contexts. Online contexts, including social networking sites, lack much of this granularity. These contextual gaps
are at the root of many of the sites’ privacy issues. Applications, which nearly invisibly shares not just a users’, but a
user’s friends’ information with third parties, clearly violates standard norms of information flow. News Feed is a more complex
case, because it involves not just questions of privacy, but also of program interface and of the meaning of “friendship”
online. In both cases, many of the privacy issues on Facebook are primarily design issues, which could be ameliorated by an
interface that made the flows of information more transparent to users. 相似文献
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高校大学生对社交网络工具的依赖促使了图书馆必须要改变自己的传统服务方式以适应学生获取信息的习惯。这就要求图书馆员必须要熟练掌握多种社交网络工具的特点以及使用方法,通过对这些社交网络工具的使用,更好地服务于学生和教师的信息需求。 相似文献
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网络化信息发展现状、存在的问题与对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从网络化信息发展现状出发，指出了网络化信息存在的问题，并从加强专业性网络信息资源建设；创建新型网络信息查询浏览器；树立服务精品新观念，建立研究型服务模式；建立和完善网络著作权制度，规范网络行为，强化信息法规教育，净化网络等五个方面，提出了解决的对策。 相似文献
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构建专门的信息服务平台—图书馆个性化网络化信息服务的基础 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
信息服务平台是连接“虚拟馆藏”和“实体馆藏”,完善图书馆信息化、智能化、个性化服务,增强图书馆在未来“知识经济” 中“核心能力”的重要举措;是图书馆网络化信息服务的基础建设。本文论述了图书馆构建信息服务平台的迫切性,4个原则,3种模式和构建信息服务平台的资源建设。 相似文献
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基于高校图书馆帮助社会大众唤醒信息意识,有效履行信息教育和社会化服务职能的理念,分析研究了影响社会大众提升信息意识的关键元素,提出联合构筑高校免费社会服务信息通道,携手创作大众信息利用常识普及产品,着力打造高校公益信息服务特色项目和互助营造信息素质教育生态和谐氛围等整合高校图书馆优势资源,服务社会大众的观点。 相似文献
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认为社交网络背景下大学生的信息行为发生了重大改变,高校的信息素质教育应与时俱进,而社交网络工具为改变教育模式提供了新方法;分析了社交网络工具应用于信息素质教育的利弊与在社交网络背景下信息素质教育的实施路径. 相似文献
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Kirsten Martin 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(4):267-284
Within a given conversation or information exchange, do privacy expectations change based on the technology used? Firms regularly require users, customers, and employees to shift existing relationships onto new information technology, yet little is known as about how technology impacts established privacy expectations and norms. Coworkers are asked to use new information technology, users of gmail are asked to use GoogleBuzz, patients and doctors are asked to record health records online, etc. Understanding how privacy expectations change, if at all, and the mechanisms by which such a variance is produced will help organizations make such transitions. This paper examines whether and how privacy expectations change based on the technological platform of an information exchange. The results suggest that privacy expectations are significantly distinct when the information exchange is located on a novel technology as compared to a more established technology. Furthermore, this difference is best explained when modeled by a shift in privacy expectations rather than fully technology-specific privacy norms. These results suggest that privacy expectations online are connected to privacy offline with a different base privacy expectation. Surprisingly, out of the five locations tested, respondents consistently assign information on email the greatest privacy protection. In addition, while undergraduate students differ from non-undergraduates when assessing a social networking site, no difference is found when judging an exchange on email. In sum, the findings suggest that novel technology may introduce temporary conceptual muddles rather than permanent privacy vacuums. The results reported here challenge conventional views about how privacy expectations differ online versus offline. Traditionally, management scholarship examines privacy online or with a specific new technology platform in isolation and without reference to the same information exchange offline. However, in the present study, individuals appear to have a shift in their privacy expectations but retain similar factors and their relative importance??the privacy equation by which they form judgments??across technologies. These findings suggest that privacy scholarship should make use of existing privacy norms within contexts when analyzing and studying privacy in a new technological platform. 相似文献
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Jason W. Patton 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(3):181-187
While maintaining the importance of privacy for critical evaluations of surveillance technologies, I suggest that privacy also constrains the debate by framing analyses in terms of the individual. Public space provides a site for considering what is at stake with surveillance technologies besides privacy. After describing two accounts of privacy and one of public space, I argue that surveillance technologies simultaneously add an ambiguityand a specificity to public places that are detrimental to the social, cultural, and civic importance of these places. By making public places accessible to other places and/or times, surveillance technologies make these social contexts ambiguous by blurring their spatial and temporal bounds. At the same time, surveillancetechnologies valence public places in functionally specificways that are detrimental to informal civic life. To complement defensive approaches to surveillance technologies based onindividual privacy, I conclude by suggesting how sociality as a relational value or an ethics of place as a contextual value could provide a proactive line of reasoning for affirming the value ofthat which is between people and places. 相似文献
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Shannon Vallor 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(2):157-170
This paper argues in favor of more widespread and systematic applications of a virtue-based normative framework to questions
about the ethical impact of information technologies, and social networking technologies in particular. The first stage of
the argument identifies several distinctive features of virtue ethics that make it uniquely suited to the domain of IT ethics,
while remaining complementary to other normative approaches. I also note its potential to reconcile a number of significant
methodological conflicts and debates in the existing literature, including tensions between phenomenological and constructivist
perspectives. Finally, I claim that a virtue-based perspective is needed to correct for a strong utilitarian bias in the research
methodologies of existing empirical studies on the social and ethical impact of IT. The second part of the paper offers an
abbreviated demonstration of the merits of virtue ethics by showing how it might usefully illuminate the moral dimension of
emerging social networking technologies. I focus here on the potential impact of such technologies on three virtues typically
honed in communicative practices: patience, honesty and empathy. 相似文献
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Online social networking has received increasing attention as a new phenomenon among online users. As Internet users utilize online social networking websites as a useful communication tool to maintain their social networks, this study explorers online social networking websites users’ knowledge sharing in particular. This study investigated the factors which influence knowledge contribution behaviors of social networking website users by sharing through user created contents with one another. By employing a socio-technical approach, this study discussed the roles of social system factors such as ethical culture, social tie, and a sense of belonging in online social network. Additionally, this study examined technical systems factors such as structural assurance of service providers and structural assurance of the Internet. The survey method was utilized in order to empirically test the research model. The research findings and contributions are discussed as well. 相似文献
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In this study, the under-examined area of privacy perception and protection on Chinese social media is investigated. The prevalence of digital technology shapes the social, political and cultural aspects of the lives of urban young adults. The influential Chinese social media platform WeChat is taken as a case study, and the ease of connection, communication and transaction combined with issues of commercialisation and surveillance are discussed in the framework of the privacy paradox. Protective behaviour and tactics are examined through different perceptions of privacy in the digital age. The findings of this study suggest that users possess certain amount of freedoms on WeChat. However, users’ individual privacy attitudes and behaviour in practice suggest they have a declined sense of their own freedom and right to privacy. A privacy paradox exists when users, while holding a high level of concerns, in reality do little to further the protection of their personal information on WeChat. We argue that once a user has ingrained part of their social engagement within the WeChat system, the incentive for them to remain a part of the system outweighs their requirement to secure their privacy online as their decision-making is largely based on a simple cost-benefit analysis. The power and social capital yielded via WeChat is too valuable to give up as WeChat is widely used not only for private conversations, but also for study or work-related purposes. It further blurs the boundaries between the public, the professional and the private, which is a rather unique case compared with other social media around the world. 相似文献