共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
赵巍 《沈阳教育学院学报》2012,14(2):64-66
在元认知理论框架下,采用定性与定量两种研究方法,对大学一年级非英语专业学生在写作中掌握与使用元认知知识的情况进行了调查与分析。试图通过对元认知知识中三个变量的研究,探究一种科学、有效的大学英语写作者元认知知识的测量工具,为大学英语写作教学提供新的教学思路,提高大学英语写作者的写作水平。 相似文献
2.
Confidence ratings (CR) are often used to evaluate the metacognitive processes that occur during reasoning and problem solving. Typically CR are elicited with the assumption that they do not affect participants’ underlying cognitive processes. However, recent evidence suggests that eliciting CR can cause changes in cognitive performance. What is not yet clear, are the metacognitive pathways by which CR affect overall performance in older individuals. In order to better understand the mechanisms driving reactivity to CR, we evaluated the impact of eliciting CR in an older sample (N?=?89) on two aspects of the metacognitive framework - monitoring and control. Participants first rated their prospective confidence before performing the Latin Square Task either with or without confidence ratings. Participants subsequently self-appraised their performance. We found evidence that eliciting CR leads to poorer metacognitive monitoring. In addition, we found that participants with high initial prospective self-confidence who perform CR adopt a more immediate performance-orientated control strategy, which improves short-term performance but has no effect on overall performance in a timed Latin Square Task. 相似文献
3.
Shirley Larkin 《Research in Science Education》2006,36(1-2):7-27
This paper tracks the individual development of metacognition in two five year old children over an academic year as they
engage in a cognitive acceleration through science education programme CASE@KS1. Using qualitative analysis and case study
methods it demonstrates how collaborative group work with small children impacts on the development of their individual metacognitive
processing. Important variables that facilitate or hinder this development are teased out and relationships between the groups
and the individual are analysed. Difficulties with the concept of metacognition and in particular how to assess and measure
it are discussed. A framework of analysis based on verbal interactions is developed from the early theories of metacognition
and this is combined with an in-depth grounded analysis. This approach provides insight into what we can mean when we speak
of young children being metacognitive. 相似文献
4.
Simon A. Jackson Gregory D. Martin Eugene Aidman Sabina Kleitman 《Metacognition and Learning》2018,13(1):39-56
This article presents the results of a systematic review of the literature surrounding the effects that acute sleep deprivation has on metacognitive monitoring. Metacognitive monitoring refers to the ability to accurately assess one’s own performance and state of knowledge. The mechanism behind this assessment is captured by subjective feelings of confidence concerning the accuracy of our judgments or performance. These judgments influence decision behavior. How well these subjective feelings fit with reality is critical for good decision making. For example, a driver who is overconfident in their ability to remain vigilant after a night without sleep is at risk of having an accident. A learner who is overconfident in their ability to perform well on an exam without sleep is at risk of failing. A break down in metacognitive monitoring might be responsible for the increase in poor decision making observed when people are sleep deprived. Using defined search terms and exclusion criteria, electronic database searches identified ten empirical studies suitable for review. Participants in these studies completed performance-based tasks, typically cognitive, while remaining awake for 28–63 hours. In all studies, metacognitive monitoring was assessed via confidence ratings either pre-, on-, or post-task. Extended wakefulness had a significant negative effect on performance in most studies. Evidencing good monitoring, however, the monitoring estimates such as confidence also tended to decline. Moreover, two critical variables that assess the fit of these estimates to actual performance (bias and discrimination) were mostly unaffected by the number of hours awake. Still, some results indicated that these variables may be affected by substances intended to fight sleep deprivation, such as modafinil. Within the limitations of extant literature (e.g., a sampling bias towards young adult male participants), empirical observations to date converge to suggest that metacognitive monitoring remains largely unaffected by the examined quantities of acute sleep deprivation (up to 63 hours). 相似文献
5.
在人类的判断和决策中时间是一个重要的资源,如果缺乏充裕的时间,人们就会产生时间压力感,时间压力会影响决策者的决策质量、决策信心、决策策略的选择等方面,其影响的大小与决策者对时间压力情境的评价、所引起的状态的性质（如时间压力、时间应激）、任务的结构和任务的总目标有关。未来研究需要从决策者的角度来界定时间压力,重视在不同的时间压力情境中情绪状态对决策的影响作用。 相似文献
6.
This paper reports an intensive study of problem-solving activity of female students at the senior secondary level. The study focussed both on the mathematical processing and the underlying cognitive and metacognitive activities that led to that processing. Response maps were used to analyse and categorize the written responses from individual students while videotaped problem solving sessions and structured and free response interviews probed the students' metacognitive knowledge, strategies, decision making, beliefs and affects. Metacognitive activities were involved in all phases of the solution process with key points in students' solutions identifiable in terms of the cognitive-metacognitive framework of Garofalo and Lester (1985). On average more time was spent on orientation and execution activities with little time being spent on organisation and verification activities, however, the successful groups spent less time on orientation than the other groups. All successful groups displayed a high number of key points where metacognitive decisions could influence cognitive action. Success was accompanied by a tendency to engage in a high number of organisational activities, regulation of execution activities and evaluation activities particularly evaluation of execution but fewer opportunities where metacognitive decisions could influence cognitive actions during orientation. 相似文献
7.
In this study we investigated whether elementary mathematics teachers’ knowledge of their students, as reflected in both the accuracy and confidence with which they are able to estimate their students’ task-specific performance on sets of mathematics problems, predicted students’ overall mathematics achievement. Thirty-nine teachers made predictions about the performance of a random sample of target students (n = 150) in their classrooms on sets of “easy” and “difficult” multiplication and division problems. Teachers also provided confidence ratings for those judgments. From these data, indicators of teachers’ judgment accuracy, judgment confidence and calibration accuracy (a measure of metacognitive monitoring) were then related to all of their students’ (n = 834) performance on year-end standardized mathematics achievement tests. Multilevel analyses indicate that teachers’ calibration accuracy, but not their task-specific judgment accuracy, significantly predicted students’ mathematics achievement. Implications for future research on teacher knowledge as well as professional development programs are discussed. 相似文献
8.
This study investigates the impact of teaching factors on students’ cognitive and metacognitive achievement in mathematics. Written tests and the “Metacognitive Skills and Knowledge Assessment” tool were administered to grade 4 and 5 students (n = 924) at the beginning and end of the school year 2013-2014. A student questionnaire was used for measuring teaching factors. Multilevel SEM analyses revealed a reciprocal relationship between students’ cognitive and metacognitive skills. All teaching factors of the dynamic model of educational effectiveness were found to be associated with mathematics achievement but only four factors (modeling, assessment, questioning, and dealing with misbehavior) were associated with two aspects of metacognition (i.e. prediction and evaluation). Implications of findings are drawn. 相似文献
9.
Wen-Xin Zhang Chia-Yu Wang Yu-Ting Ho 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):529-553
This study explores the effects of metacognitive and cognitive prompting on the scientific inquiry practices of students with various levels of initial metacognition. Two junior high school classes participated in this study. One class, the experimental group (n?=?26), which received an inquiry-based curriculum with a combination of cognitive and metacognitive prompts, was compared to the other class, the comparison group (n?=?25), which received only cognitive prompts in the same curriculum. Data sources included a test of inquiry practices, a questionnaire of metacognition, and worksheets. The results showed that the mixed cognitive and metacognitive prompts had significant impacts on the students’ inquiry practices, especially their planning and analyzing abilities. Furthermore, the mixed prompts appeared to have a differential effect on those students with lower level metacognition, who showed significant improvement in their inquiry abilities. A combination of cognitive and metacognitive prompts during an inquiry cycle was found to promote students’ inquiry practices. 相似文献
10.
Ghazali Yusri Nik Mohd Rahimi Parilah M. Shah Wan Haslina Wah 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(3):290-300
This study investigates cognitive and metacognitive strategies in learning oral Arabic among students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. The concept of these strategies was derived from the self-regulated learning framework, which consists of five components, namely rehearsal, elaboration, organization, critical thinking, and metacognitive strategies. The purposes of this study are to investigate the level of cognitive and metacognitive strategies used (1) among UiTM students; (2) between students with different prior experiences, namely, some of them had an experience of 5 years in learning Arabic in secondary school (abbreviated by SWE) and some of them did not have any experience at all (abbreviated by SNE); (3) between students of different gender; and (4) between students with the interaction of different gender and prior experience. The sample of this study consists of 183 students and employs a questionnaire adapted from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The study revealed that (1) all UiTM students used cognitive and metacognitive strategies at a moderate level; (2) SWE scored significantly higher than SNE in all five components of cognitive and metacognitive strategies; (3) females scored significantly higher than males in rehearsal, organization, and metacognitive strategies; and (4) there were no statistically significant differences noted in all components between students with the interaction of prior experience and gender. This study had some classroom implications. It suggested that some improvement and changes in learning oral Arabic should be made in terms of selecting learning materials, implementing oral Arabic activities, and learning tasks, which will stimulate the use of all strategies, as well as conducting proficiency tests instead of achievement tests. Students should also be exposed to the learning techniques which used all these strategies extensively and collaborative activities may be carried out among students with mixed prior experience and gender. 相似文献
11.
Alexandra List 《教育心理学家》2019,54(1):20-39
We introduce the Integrated Framework of Multiple Texts to understand how students use and form connections between multiple texts to accomplish personal or task goals. The Integrated Framework of Multiple Texts conceptualizes students’ multiple text use as unfolding over the course of three stages—preparation, execution, and production. In the preparation stage of the framework, individual difference factors and students’ task analysis result in learners’ adoption of a default stance, or a general orientation, toward multiple text use. During the execution stage of the framework, students engage in a variety of behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive/regulatory strategies to develop cross-textual links and to integrate information across multiple texts. The execution stage concludes with students’ development of a variety of affective and cognitive outcomes as a consequence of text access. Finally, in the production stage of the framework, students draw on these affective and cognitive outcomes to develop external, often written products. 相似文献
12.
Alan J. Reid Gary R. Morrison Linda Bol 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(1):29-45
This paper presents results from an experimental study that examined embedded strategy prompts in digital text and their effects on calibration and metacomprehension accuracies. A sample population of 80 college undergraduates read a digital expository text on the basics of photography. The most robust treatment (mixed) read the text, generated a summary for each page of text, and then was prompted with a metacognitive strategy. The metacognitive treatment received metacognitive strategy prompts only, and the cognitive group implemented the cognitive strategy (summarization) only. A control group read the text with no embedded support. Groups were compared on measures of achievement, attitudes, cognitive load, and metacomprehension and calibration accuracy. Results indicated that a combination of embedded cognitive and metacognitive strategies in digital text improved learner achievement on application-level questions, yielded more accurate predictive calibration, and strengthened the relationship between metacomprehension and performance, all of which are common attributes of an academically successful learner. 相似文献
13.
Ineke M. Pit-ten Cate Sabine Krolak-Schwerdt Sabine Glock 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2016,31(2):225-243
Bias in teachers’ judgment formation and decision making has long been acknowledged. More specifically, studies have repeatedly demonstrated discrepancies between teacher ratings of minority and majority students with similar academic profiles. Studies have also demonstrated that increasing accountability reduced bias. Little is known, however, about the effect of accountability and bias on the accuracy of decisions. This study investigated the short- and long-term effect of accountability priming on the accuracy of transition decisions. It considered both the extent to which teacher decision accuracy differed for minority and majority students with similar academic profiles (accuracy bias) and differences in levels of confidence for accurate versus erroneous decisions (metacognitive judgment bias). In a longitudinal experimental design, we presented 38 primary school teachers with 9 student vignettes at 3 points in time (baseline, post priming, and 6-month follow-up), varying students’ ethnic background, and asked them to make a school tracking decision for each student. We measured decision accuracy as well as teachers’ level of confidence for each decision. Accuracy and confidence levels were combined to provide two indices of metacognitive judgment accuracy. Results confirmed the hypothesis that accuracy of decisions would improve as a result of increased level of accountability. More specifically, we found that teachers made more accurate decisions after priming, whereby ethnic background differences disappeared. In addition, teachers’ metacognitions varied, whereby after priming decision accuracy was better matched with teachers’ confidence levels. Although accuracy levels were still higher at follow-up than at pre-test, the ethnic bias recurred. This study shows that increased levels of accountability are associated with not only increased decision accuracy but also reduced metacognitive judgment bias, especially in regard to minority students. It also demonstrates accountability may be an effective way of reducing systematic errors in decision making. Findings are discussed in terms of theory and current changes in educational practice. 相似文献
14.
This paper addresses the nature and significance of productive engagement in cognitive activity and metacognitive regulation in collaborative learning tasks that involve complex scientific knowledge. A situative framework, combining the constructs of social regulation and content processing, provided the theoretical basis for the development of a comprehensive coding scheme for interactive data analysis. An empirical study was conducted with two groups of university students working on two science-learning tasks. It examined the function of metacognitive regulation to control the flow of cognitive activity, and the extent to which group differences in cognitive and metacognitive regulation processes during collaborative learning could explain differences in the groups’ learning outcomes. The findings provide validation of the framework and its derived coding scheme. An example of a way in which a group engages in socially shared metacognitive regulation is presented to demonstrate how the coding scheme was applied to the data. Theoretical and empirical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
15.
同伴互评能够促进学习者高阶认知能力的发展。文章采用认知网络分析法,以课程进程中四次作业的同伴互评评语为分析对象,从时间序列视角探索同伴互评对学习者知识建构的过程影响与差异影响,剖析出在高校课程教育中"以评促学"的作用机理。研究发现:同伴互评能有效提高学习者深层次的知识建构,帮助学习者在更高阶认知结构上进行知识构建;在同伴互评策略支持下,高、低元认知自我调节能力水平学习者与整体学习者的知识建构过程趋同,即都经历了从浅层学习到深度学习的发展过程;但是,对于高水平元认知自我调节能力组学习者而言,同伴互评在提升学习者认知结构的综合性和深层次的建构方面,有更加明显的作用。 相似文献
16.
Answer changing in testing situations: the role of metacognition in deciding which answers to review
Agni Stylianou-Georgiou 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2017,23(3-4):102-118
The purpose of our study was to examine the issue of answer changing in relation to students’ abilities to monitor their behaviour accurately while responding to multiple-choice tests. The data for this study were obtained from the final examination administered to students in an educational psychology course. The results of the study indicate that decision making regarding answer changing can be informed by metacognitive monitoring when a student's attention is drawn to cues solicited during testing. However, answer changing can be a “tricky” test-taking strategy, and how it relates to test performance is based on an interplay of variables both at a person level as well as at a task level. This is probably why this strategy is frequently misunderstood by both test-takers and educators. 相似文献
17.
Nesrin Ozturk 《Educational studies》2017,43(3):247-264
For successful reading experiences in native and/or foreign/second language, individuals need to benefit from not only cognitive strategies but also metacognitive strategies. Although research found reading comprehension and performance increase following metacognitive trainings, such findings may not transfer into mainstream classrooms as easily for several reasons. This study, therefore, aimed to disseminate the phenomenon of teaching metacognition with an emphasis on teacher’s instrumental role during classroom learning. More specifically, it investigated language instructors’ metacognition and their self-reported competencies for teaching metacognition. It also examined whether and how self-reported competencies changed following a professional development (PD) module of teaching for metacognition. Utilising Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and think aloud protocols for instructional planning, this study found most participants were either highly metacognitive or metacognitive individuals. It was also found that most participants were initially not knowledgeable about and/or competent in teaching metacognition. Following PD, highly metacognitive teachers developed authentic lesson plans manifesting metacognition instruction while metacognitive teachers adopted similar instructional designs presented during the PD. Besides, half of the participants appreciated teaching metacognitively following the PD. Finally, under the light of these findings, future research and policy adjustments were proposed. 相似文献
18.
Metacognitive Development: A View beyond Cognition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A series of studies were conducted to investigate students' metacognitive development in a second year chemical engineering
course. The first of these was an exploratory study involving observation together with some limited interviewing. This was
followed by a major study with two phases, the first of which involved a series of individual interviews with eleven students
over the duration of the course, and the second of which involved a follow-up interview with each student two years later.
In the first phase of the major study a theoretical framework characterising metacognitive development as a shift in approach
to learning was utilised. The present paper draws on the findings of the second phase of the major study to both confirm the
validity of this framework and also point to some of its shortcomings, specifically regarding the necessity of a certain emotional
state in order for metacognitive development to take place, and the importance of the formation of a professional identity.
It is suggested that metacognitive development needs to be characterised in broader terms than the usual cognitive focus in
order to more fully account for students' experiences of learning. 相似文献
19.
Sue Johnston 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):51-57
Much of the literature on curriculum decision-making focuses on individual teachers and their instructional decision-making role within the classroom. The propensity for studying curriculum decision-making from this perspective has left a deficit in the area of curriculum decision-making by groups. It is the aim of this paper to propose one possible framework to promote understanding in this neglected area. After establishing deliberation as a basis from which to study curriculum decision-making, it will be argued that the values issue in group deliberation may be clarified by applying some notions borrowed from the field of teacher socialization. Various factors which influence curriculum decision-making will then be incorporated into the framework. 相似文献
20.
随着专门用途英语教学的广泛开展,专门用途英语学习策略应成为学习策略研究的重点。专门用途学习策略主要分为认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和社交策略。专门用途英语学习策略使用情况的研究是采用问卷形式以旅游专业英语为例进行调查,调查结果得出：旅游专业英语学习策略总体使用情况一般,其中,旅游专业学生使用情感策略频率较高,其次是认知策略和社交策略,元认知策略使用频率较低。因此,旅游专业英语教师需要有针对性地对学生进行学习策略培训,在旅游专业英语学习上尤其是加强学生的情感、提高学生自我监控能力和增强交际能力。 相似文献