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1.
This paper examines the impact of introducing a Research Evaluation Exercise (REE) on Italian undergraduate students’ enrolment choices. We investigate whether subject groups in higher education institutions (HEIs) that performed better in the REE also benefited from more student enrolments and the enrolment of students with better entry qualifications. To this aim, we use a before-after estimator that exploits differential treatment intensities across HEIs and subject groups. Our analysis demonstrates that the REE had a positive effect on student enrolment, but only in the top-performing HEIs. The effect was larger for high-quality students, namely those with better high school final marks or coming from the academic track. Further exploratory analysis suggests that there was a reversal in the effect with the second REE, with only medium- or bottom-performing HEIs gaining more enrolments as a result of improving their performance. 相似文献
2.
Mary E. ZajkowskiDale 《Distance Education》1993,14(2):331-353
This pilot study tested the effect of a pre‐enrolment counselling booklet on prospective business students who were matched with others receiving normal enrolment materials. Eventual enrolments from both groups were tracked throughout the year with comparisons of retention rates, student satisfaction, motivation and commitment. Those not enrolling were approached to discover the effectiveness of the counselling booklet. Course completion for the booklet group was over twice that of the control group; intrinsic motivation increased for the booklet group while extrinsic motivation increased for the control group. Some indication was found that the booklet was effective in a self‐selection pre‐enrolment process. 相似文献
3.
Keith M. Lewin 《International Journal of Educational Development》1996,16(4):367-378
This research is concerned with the problems that may arise in paying for the costs of secondary school places in developing countries, which have experienced a rapid increase in primary school enrolments since the World Conference on Education for All at Jomtien. Many, but not all, of these countries are in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are being conducted six African and Asian countries. The basic argument is that cost structures, which may have been appropriate for systems that had low gross enrolment ratios and modest transition rates from primary to secondary are unlikely to be sustainable as enrolments become universalised. The challenge is to identify opportunities to expand quality secondary schooling to meet new needs while reducing costs to levels which can be afforded. Access to and quality of secondary schooling is likely to dominate the educational planning agenda in many developing countries in the early part of the twenty-first century. 相似文献
4.
This article reports on a study of which the main aim was to provide insight into whether increasing the enrolment of large classes influences student academic achievement at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), City, South Africa. The massification of higher education has led to greater numbers of students being enrolled in contact programmes. there is a widely accepted inverse relationship between class size and academic achievement for small class sizes and it would be speculative to extend the same understanding to larger class sizes. It is within this context that a cross-sectional study was conducted during which student achievement was analysed against increasing the enrolment of already large classes, in selected undergraduate modules at UKZN over a period of four years. convenience sampling and judgemental sampling were used to select modules in the discipline of Supply Chain Management (SCM). The findings revealed that while the average class size increased significantly, the pass rates remained constant. Based on the study findings, it was concluded that an increase in the enrolment of already large classes does not influence student academic achievement. It is recommended that the study be replicated in other schools and faculties where disciplines have experienced similar increases in the enrolment of large classes, thereby presenting an opportunity to either validate or dispute the study results. It is further recommended that the role of peer effects be subjected to further study to establish whether they have any influence on academic achievement. These results are expected to encourage future debate on how faculties manage increasing student enrolments at higher education institutions. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1996,16(1):79-87
This paper attempts a brief analysis of the trends in student enrolment and educational expenditure in university education in Nigeria. It examines the philosophical and methodological foundations on which admission into Nigerian universities is based and investigates the trends in student enrolment and educational expenditure for a period of 10 years. The consequences of the rapid explosion in student enrolments in the university system, amidst scarce and dwindling resources (human, material and financial), on varied educational transactions are highlighted and discussed. The paper concludes with a review of the implications of the inherent trends for enhanced university management in Nigeria. 相似文献
6.
It is assumed that a perfect balance between student academic achievement and the quality of the university they attend is beneficial both for students and higher education institutions (HEIs). Matching theory predicts the existence of perfect match between the two groups in the absence of transaction costs associated with university enrolment. However, in this study we show cases of mismatch situations in Russia under the Unified State Exam—the standardised student admission mechanism. The reasons for minimal transaction costs and the emergence of unequal access to HEIs were studied. Based on data on Moscow high school graduates who entered university, the determinants of the mismatch between the quality of universities and applicant abilities were assessed. Whilst overall favourable matching results are established, we show that individual student achievement results are subject to the influence of school and family characteristics. Thus, inequality of access can be formed at stages preceding higher education enrolment. 相似文献
7.
Takeshi Sekiya 《Education 3-13》2013,41(5):460-474
The Reconstructed Cohort Method is often used to examine the status of national education. However, this method does not account for individual details and we know little about the status of school enrolments by tracking individual students from entrance until dropout or graduation. This study employs the True Cohort Method to analyse data for 1377 children who entered in primary schools in the Republic of Honduras between 1986 and 1994. Findings indicate that children's patterns of enrolment fall into two categories: graduation without repetition and dropout after a short period of attendance. Policy implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
A 2010 paper published in Higher Education investigated the relationship between South African Grade 12 students’ programme preferences in 2001 for study in higher education, student enrolment in higher education programmes in 2002, and student graduations in 2006, devising what the author dubbed a preference-enrolment-graduation (PEG) model. The current paper, while recognizing the value of that model, points up its design limitations, proposing an alternative methodology for comparing student preferences, enrolments, and graduations that, using centralised Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS) student record data, tracks the 2005 cohort of Grade 12 students along their higher education trajectories for the next 5 years (2006–2010), investigating the consistency of choice between programme preference, enrolment, and graduation. 相似文献
9.
《Higher Education Policy》2000,13(2):173-180
During the 65 years of university education in Iran, the growth rate of the student population remained low throughout the first four decades. Following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, enrolment has increased rapidly. The number of students per 100,000 population which in 1989 stood at 9.1, has risen to 34.9 by 1997. Against this background, the article develops the question “How far has increased enrolment in higher education been accompanied by improvements in relevance and quality?” It examines trends in enrolments and then focuses on the results of a pilot self-evaluation project designed to enhance these objectives. The results suggest that internal evaluation is a promising instrument in helping faculty members become more effective in achieving departmental goals and in upholding both relevance and quality. 相似文献
10.
Andrea Cammelli 《Higher Education》1991,21(3):359-376
The paper presents an analysis of the trends in and links between policies, practices and foreign student enrolment in Italian universities. While the number of foreign students has increased in Italy over the post-war period, the trend and composition of the flow have been affected by changes in government policies and institutional practices regarding foreign students as well as developments in countries sending large numbers of foreign students to Italy. Greek students continue to account for a large proportion of the foreign student population in Italy, but there has been a marked trend toward a reduction in the share of students from developing countries. Over time, foreign student enrolments have become more evenly distributed among faculties and institutions and by gender. Preliminary analyses of degree completion suggest that foreign students progress in their studies at rates slightly lower than Italian students. 相似文献
11.
Webster Thomas 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1997,43(1):5-23
The article describes the structure and operations of a computer simulation programme used in Papua New Guinea that was developed with technical assistance from UNESCO. By establishing baseline data on student enrolments, teacher posts and costs of education at different levels, the model can be used to simulate various policies under consideration and provides output on the likely effects on student flows, teacher requirements and total costs over a ten-year period. The article describes the operations of the primary school model and highlights some of the policy options that can be simulated. It is country-specific but the purpose is to inform readers of how such a programme is helping planners to improve planning and policy-making in a developing country. The author, from Papua New Guinea, worked closely with the UNESCO expert in building the model. 相似文献
12.
We provide an assessment of the French ZEP (Zones d’Education Prioritaire), a program started in 1982 that channels additional resources to schools in disadvantaged areas and encourages the development of new teaching projects. Focusing on middle-schools, we first evaluate the impact of the ZEP status on resources, their utilization (teacher bonuses versus teaching hours) and key establishments characteristics such as class sizes, school enrolments, teachers’ qualifications and experience, and student composition and mobility. We then estimate the impact of the ZEP program on four measures of individual student achievement: obtaining at least one diploma by the end of schooling, reaching 8th grade, reaching 10th grade and success at the Baccalauréat (the national examination at the end of high school). We take into account the endogeneity of the ZEP status by using both difference in differences and instrumental variables based on political variables. The results are the same in all cases: there is no impact on student success of the ZEP program. 相似文献
13.
Geoffrey Barnes Dennis M McInerney Herbert W Marsh 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2005,32(2):1-23
In many countries there remain substantial sex differences in enrolments in elective science courses, despite concerted efforts in recent years to alleviate them. This paper explores the reasons for these differences by comparing models of male and female enrolment intentions in elective courses in biology, chemistry and physics. The models are based on responses from approximately 450 students from 5 Australian high schools. First, a theoretical model, the Science Enrolment Model, was derived from Eccles and colleagues’ General Model of Academic Choice. Students’ responses were then used to develop empirical models of enrolment intentions in the three elective courses. Analyses for the models were conducted using the LISREL “mean structures” extension. Sex differences in the dependent variables in the models were then attributed to the relevant sets of independent variables. Substantial sex differences were identified in measures of perceived career value, interest and performance expectations in all three models which explained between 70% and 82% of the sex differences in enrolment intentions. 相似文献
14.
Expanding school enrolment in Kenya was given the highest priority in the leverage of development. The number of pupils has grown from 2.9 to 5.56 million in the 20 years since 1975. There has been a similar expansion at the secondary level. And the expansion at the university level has been even faster, which is more than four times than that in 1984/85. But still the increase in enrolments was not enough to absorb pent‐up demand. The female enrolment has significantly improved, and female teachers constitute 39.5% of the total number of teachers. The imbalance is vast between the educational supply and economic demand (employment). The question is whether the growth can be maintained; whether it is enough. 相似文献
15.
This article reports on a study using data from nation-wide standardised examinations in Poland. We analysed the extent to which grade 9 student achievements have depended on the stability of their peer group over the course of middle school. We controlled for the fixed effects of schools attended by the students, as well as for individual achievements prior to middle school enrolment. To mitigate the risk for endogeneity, analysis was informed by a consideration of the fact that middle schools operate in different institutional relations with nearby primary schools. This also allowed us to distinguish between the effect related to peer group stability and the one connected to the stability of the learning environment in general. The results of our analysis show that instability significantly reduces students' expected performance in mathematics and science. The impact of peer group stability on test achievements varies strongly across the student ability distribution. Very low-performing students and top performers were most affected. The average students were largely unaffected. One category of students that seems to benefit from the change when moving to middle school are students from very competitive primary schools who have average skills. 相似文献
16.
This study utilized data from the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment Hong Kong sample to investigate the factors that impact the science achievement of 15-year-old students. A multilevel model was used to examine the factors from both student and school perspectives. At the student level, the results indicated that male students, students from high socioeconomic status (SES) families, students with higher motivation and higher self-efficacy, and students whose parents highly value science are more likely to demonstrate achievement in science. At the school level, the results showed school science achievement differences can be explained by school enrolment size, school SES composition, and instruction time per week. Contrary to the negative influence of school size that was reported in previous studies, our findings suggested a positive relationship between school enrolment size and science achievement. This finding leads to an international discussion of school size. 相似文献
17.
Drawing on data from a merged data set from a student survey and a parent survey that were conducted in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 2013, this article uses a multilevel framework to investigate the effects of individual characteristics and the classroom and school environments on high school students’ school engagement in a modernising education system that is different from Western ones. The results of the three-level model revealed that while students’ attributes remained strong predictors of their school engagement, the social and organisational environment of classrooms and school also greatly shaped the extent to which students emotionally and cognitively engaged with their school and learning. This study provided evidence to support the interactive nature of the impact of multilevel environments on student engagement. The policy and research implications were also discussed in the empirical context of Abu Dhabi. 相似文献
18.
JOACHIM HAAS 《European Journal of Education》2005,40(4):405-416
The case of Germany is taken as an example of cyclical variation in higher education enrolment in the sciences. The article argues that the mechanism underpinning these fluctuations is the cobweb model. This model establishes a recursive loop between trends in enrolments in a discipline and trends in the labour market associated with this discipline. The analysis highlights two conditions that are required for the model to apply: the elasticity of higher education capacity and the segmentation of the labour market. 相似文献
19.
Given the importance of student engagement for healthy outcomes, research needs to investigate whether school‐based assets promote student engagement beyond individual and family influences. Unfortunately, such research has been limited by a lack of valid instrumentation. After examining the psychometrics of the California Healthy Kids Survey Resilience Youth Development Module, we used this risk and resilience instrument with a randomly selected sample of 10,000 diverse 7th‐, 9th‐, and 11th‐grade students to test a model of relations between school assets, individual resilience, and student engagement for students grouped by level of family assets. Although youth in the low family asset group reported lower student engagement, contrary to hypothesis, multigroup structural equation modeling revealed that school assets did not have a differential relation for low family asset youth compared to their high family asset peers. School assets were associated with student engagement for all groups, even accounting for individual resilience. Implications and future directions are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献