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1.
In this work, we present an evaluation of the performance and error robustness of RTP-based broadcast streaming of high-quality high-definition (HD) H.264/AVC video. Using a fully controlled IP test bed (Hillestad et al., 2005), we broadcast high-definition video over RTP/UDP, and use an IP network emulator to introduce a varying amount of randomly distributed packet loss. A high-performance network interface monitoring card is used to capture the video packets into a trace file. Purpose-built software parses the trace file, analyzes the RTP stream and assembles the correctly received NAL units into an H.264/AVC Annex B byte stream file, which is subsequently decoded by JVT JM 10.1 reference software. The proposed measurement setup is a novel, practical and intuitive approach to perform error resilience testing of real-world H.264/AVC broadcast applications. Through a series of experiments, we evaluate some of the error resilience features of the H.264/AVC standard, and see how they perform at packet loss rates from 0.01 % to 5%. The results confirmed that an appropriate slice partitioning scheme is essential to have a graceful degradation in received quality in the case of packet loss. While flexible macroblock ordering reduces the compression efficiency about 1 dB for our test material, reconstructed video quality is improved for loss rates above 0.25%. 相似文献
2.
INTRODUCTION In typical video transmission systems, a video signal is compressed, and the resulting bit stream is transmitted over an error-prone channel. The errors may consist of symbol errors caused by fading, as observed for wireless channels, or packet erasures caused by congestion, as observed in the Internet. If a received video packet contains errors, then the portion of the video signal contained in the packet is lost and must be concealed. Error concealment schemes alone cannot … 相似文献
3.
The emergence of third generation mobile system (3G) makes video transmission in wireless environment possible, and the latest 3GPP/3GPP2 standards require 3G terminals support H.264/AVC. Due to high packet loss rate in wireless environment, error resilience for 3G terminals is necessary. Moreover, because of the hardware restrictions, 3G mobile terminals support only part of H.264/AVC error resilience tool. This paper analyzes various error resilience tools and their functions, and presents 2 error resilience strategies for 3G mobile streaming video services and mobile conversational services. Performances of the proposed error resilience strategies were tested using off-line common test conditions. Experiments showed that the proposed error resilience strategies can yield reasonably satisfactory results. 相似文献
4.
图像压缩技术是基于在空域,时域或者频域上移除数据冗余的算法。它相当大地减少了数据转换率,但是随之的视频压缩信号对于传输误差更加敏感。差错恢复技术相对于通道误差增强了视频比特流的鲁棒性。在H.264/AVC的条带编码作为一种差错恢复技术之一被用于限制接收视频品质的数据丢失效应。有一种模式非常重要,它是将图像的宏块分配成不同的条带组,并能够提供不同的差错恢复标准。该文将深入分析这一类分散类型的灵活的宏块顺序(FMO)模式性能,并提出一个定义明确的系统模式,可以更完全地挖掘宏块顺序中离差概念从而克服误差损失。仿真结果显示:新的改进方案的性能优于传统模式。 相似文献
5.
可伸缩视频编码（Scalable Video Coding,SVC）一般采用实时传输协议（Real-time TransportProtocol,RTP）保证视频数据流的实时传输和质量监测。本文在分析SVC码流结构和RTP协议的基础上实现了H.264/SVC视频数据的RTP封装算法,提出了一种基本层与增强层分离的灵活封装机制模拟SVC在不同差错信道中的传输,通过在H.264/SVC模拟测试环境中的实验证明RTP封装机制的有效性,标准兼容性和可扩展性。 相似文献
6.
The scalable extension of H.264/AVC, known as scalable video coding or SVC, is currently the main focus of the Joint Video Team‘s work. In its present working draft, the higher level syntax of SVC follows the design principles of H.264/AVC.Self-contained network abstraction layer units (NAL units) form natural entities for packetization. The SVC specification is by no means finalized yet, but nevertheless the work towards an optimized RTP payload format has already started. RFC 3984, the RTP payload specification for H.264/AVC has been taken as a starting point, but it became quickly clear that the scalable features of SVC require adaptation in at least the areas of capability/operation point signaling and documentation of the extended NAL unit header. This paper first gives an overview of the history of scalable video coding, and then reviews the video coding layer (VCL)and NAL of the latest SVC draft specification. Finally, it discusses different aspects of the draft SVC RTP payload format, including the design criteria, use cases, signaling and payload structure. 相似文献
7.
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard appears highly competitive due to its high efficiency, flexibility and error resilience. In order to maintain universal multimedia access, statistical multiplexing, or adaptive video content delivery, etc., it induces an immense demand for converting a large volume of existing multimedia content from other formats into the H.264/AVC format and vice versa. In this work, we study the remultiplexing and resynchronization issue within system coding after transcoding, aiming to sustain the management and time information destroyed in transcoding and enable synchronized decoding of decoder buffers over a wide range of retrieval or receipt conditions. Given the common intention of multiplexing and synchronization mechanism in system coding of different standards, this paper takes the most widely used MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) as an example, and presents a software system and the key technologies to solve the time stamp mapping and relevant buffer management. The solution reuses previous information contained in the input streams to remultiplex and resynchronize the output information with the regulatory coding and composition structure. Experimental results showed that our solutions efficiently preserve the performance in multimedia presentation. 相似文献
8.
INTRODUCTION Video multicasting over wireless local area net- work (WLAN) (IEEE Standard 802.11, 1997) enables the distribution of live or pre-recorded programs to many receivers efficiently. An example application is to redistribute TV programs or location-specific in- formation in hot spots such as airport. Users can watch their favorite TV programs on mobile devices while browsing the Internet. For enterprise applica- tions, an example is multicasting video of a lecture or trainin… 相似文献
9.
Frame loss error concealment for SVC 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTION Real-time transmission of video data in network environments, such as wireless and Internet, is a challenging task, as it requires coding efficiency, network friendliness and error robustness. Scalability is a possible solution for network adaptive applica- tions. The Scalable Extension of H.264/AVC (SVC) (JVT of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG, 2005b) aims at achieving both high compression performance and adaptivity for video delivery over heterogeneous networks. SVC… 相似文献
10.
LIU Hao ZHANG Wen-jun YANG Xiao-kang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(10):1695-1701
INTRODUCTION In the encoding or transcoding of video stream- ing, intra refresh is introduced as a non-normative error-resilience tool. Although the intra-refresh schemes based on the rate-distortion optimization (C?té et al., 2000; Stockhammer et al., 2002) are superior to the early heuristic intra-refresh strategies, these new schemes cannot yet accurately estimate the video distortion due to time-varying packet losses, and usually ignore the inter-frame error-propagation effect. Chiou… 相似文献
11.
Error-resilient video communication over lossy packet networks is often designed and operated based on models for the effect of losses on the reconstructed video quality. This paper analyzes the channel distortion for video over lossy packet networks and proposes a new model that, compared to previous models, more accurately estimates the expected mean-squared error distortion for different packet loss patterns by accounting for inter-frame error propagation and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.264 encoded standard test sequences and previous frame concealment, where the proposed model provides an obvious accuracy gain over previous models. 相似文献
12.
Error-resilient video communication over lossy packet networks is often designed and operated based on models for the effect of losses on the reconstructed video quality. This paper analyzes the channel distortion for video over lossy packet networks and proposes a new model that, compared to previous models, more accurately estimates the expected mean-squared error distortion for different packet loss patterns by accounting for inter-frame error propagation and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.264 encoded standard test sequences and previous frame concealment, where the proposed model provides an obvious accuracy gain over previous models. 相似文献
13.
网络视频监控系统研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
视频监控系统是安全防范系统的组成部分，它是 一种防范能力较强的综合系统。视频监控系统在公 安、金融证券、银行、商店、宾馆、智能大厦以及重要部 门、社区的安全方面能起到重要的作用。目前，广泛应 用的监控系统采用模拟技术。近年来，随着计算机、 网络以及图像处理、传 相似文献
14.
Although H.264 video coding standard provides several error resilience tools, the damage caused by error propagation may still be tremendous. This work is aimed at developing a robust and standard-compliant error resilient coding scheme for H.264 and uses techniques of mode decision, data hiding, and error concealment to reduce the damage from error propagation. This paper proposes a system with two error resilience techniques that can improve the robustness of H.264 in noisy channels. The first technique is Nearest Neighbor motion compensated Error Concealment (NNEC) that chooses the nearest neighbors in the reference frames for error concealment. The second technique is Distortion Estimated Mode Decision (DEMD) that selects an optimal mode based on stochastically distorted frames. Observed simulation results showed that the rate-distortion performances of the proposed algorithms are better than those of the compared algorithms. 相似文献
15.
The H.264/AVC video coding standard uses an intra prediction mode with 4×4 and 16×16 blocks for luma and 8×8 blocks for chroma. This standard uses the rate distortion optimization （RDO） method to determine the best coding mode based on the compression performance and video quality. This method offers a large improvement in coding efficiency compared to other compression standards, but the computational complexity is greater due to the various intra prediction modes. This paper proposes a fast intra mode decision algorithm for real-time encoding of H.264/AVC based on the dominant edge direction （DED）. The DED is extracted using pixel value summation and subtraction in the horizontal and vertical directions. By using the DED, three modes instead of nine are chosen for RDO calculation to decide on the best mode in the 4×4 luma block. For the 16×16 luma and the 8 × 8 chroma, only two modes are chosen instead of four. Experimental results show that the entire encoding time saving of the proposed algorithm is about 67% compared to the full intra search method with negligible loss of quality. 相似文献
16.
CHEN Zhi-kui 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(5):910-918
INTRODUCTION Recommendation H.264 was approved by ITU-T in May 2003 and the approved draft specifi cation is available for public review (Wiegand, 2003) The H.264 video codec has a very broad application range that covers all forms of digital compressed video from low bit rate Internet streaming applica tions to HDTV broadcast and digital cinema applica tions with near lossless coding. About 50% band width would be saved by using H.264 when compared to the existing most efficient com… 相似文献
17.
本文主要进行RTP／RTCP与TCP协议的比较，着重分析RTP／RTCP协议对分组网上视频业务Qos的保证。在IP电话的实现中编码后的数据流采用RTP／RTCP协议来打包传送。结果表明，开发出的软件实时性好。 相似文献
18.
随着网络的迅速发展，传统的TCP／IP协议在流媒体（音频流、视频流）的实时传输上受到了很大的挑战。因为该协议在网络上提供的是非实时的数据传输服务，并且其重传机制与拥塞控制机制也给实时传输带来较大困难。为了解决该问题提出了支持多媒体实时传输的协议RTP，主要论述了RTP协议及RTCP协议的基本原理，并以此为基础实现了在视频传输上的一个应用，提出了相应的拥塞控制策略，在百兆局域网上该应用获得了很好的效果。 相似文献
19.
INTRODUCTION With the emergence of wireless technology, various multimedia services, e.g., audio and/or video, are reaching us today through portable devices any- time, anywhere and even more increasingly accessi- ble in the near future. High quality video streaming over wireless IP is one of the most attractive applica- tions by ongoing deployment of wireless local area network (WLAN) hotspots and even powerful Wi- MAX mobile coverage. However, the present Internet is not providing a… 相似文献
20.
H．264／AVC在帧间运动估计／补偿编码过程中定义了7种帧间编码模式，并采用率失真优化全遍历策略来选择最优模式，这使计算复杂度急剧增加．针对这一问题，阐明了需对如何准确、快速地对块预测模式做出选择进行相关的研究．并就利用自然图像序列中相邻帧所表现出的强相关性提出了一种快速的帧间编码模式选择算法，通过计算部分编码模式来减少计算的复杂性．实验结果表明，该方法平均节省时间约18％，比特率平均下降约0．02％，而PSNR平均仅仅降低0．02dB． 相似文献