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1.
苏连塔 《泉州师范学院学报》2013,31(2):15-19
探讨了广义线性模型中的log—linear模型在三维列联表中独立性模型建模的应用．首先利用Fisher-scoring算法得到了log—linear模型中回归参数的最大似然估计,并给出了模型的拟合优度检验办法;其次介绍了三维列联表中三种属性的独立性类型及它们的log—linear模型,并将其应用于具体实例,改善了现行方法中的不足． 相似文献
2.
通过一个四维列联表算例研究了对数线性模型在统计分析中的信息功能．结果表明：对数线性模型可通过拟合优度统计检验发现多维分类变量中存在的统计独立关系;可通过参数估计分别针对列联表的每一个组格回答各个单个变量以及2个、3个、4个变量的各种交互对形成该组格概率的贡献;无法提供变量间统计相依程度强弱的信息． 相似文献
3.
A great obstacle for wider use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has been the difficulty in handling categorical variables. Two data sets with known structure between 2 related binary outcomes and 4 independent binary variables were generated. Four SEM strategies and resulting apparent validity were tested: robust maximum likelihood (ML), tetrachoric correlation matrix input followed by SEM ML analysis, SEM ML estimation for the sum of squares and cross-products (SSCP) matrix input obtained by the log-linear model that treated all variables as dependent, and asymptotic distribution-free (ADF) SEM estimation. SEM based on the SSCP matrix obtained by the log-linear model and SEM using robust ML estimation correctly identified the structural relation between the variables. SEM using ADF added an extra parameter. SEM based on tetrachoric correlation input did not specify the data generating process correctly. Apparent validity was similar for all models presented. Data transformation used in log-linear modeling can serve as an input for SEM. 相似文献
4.
Yeon-Sook Yi 《教育实用测度》2017,30(2):82-101
This study compares five cognitive diagnostic models in search of optimal one(s) for English as a Second Language grammar test data. Using a unified modeling framework that can represent specific models with proper constraints, the article first fit the full model (the log-linear cognitive diagnostic model, LCDM) and investigated which model emerged as the dominant model. It then fit the dominant model and the other models to confirm that the model provides the best fit to the data. The model found to represent the most number of items in the test was the Compensatory Reparameterized Unified Model (C-RUM) and other models compared were the Deterministic-Input, Noisy-And (DINA), Deterministic Input, Noisy-Or-gate (DINO), and Noisy Input, Deterministic-Or-gate (NIDO). The absolute (item-association root mean square error values) and relative (information criteria) model fit indices also indicated that the LCDM and the C-RUM were the best fit to the data. More detailed analyses on the functioning of the C-RUM were conducted and the interpretation of the results was included in the discussion section. The article ends with some suggestions for future research based on the limitations of the study. 相似文献
5.
This article serves as an introduction to log-linear analysis, a technique used in the analysis of qualitative data arranged in multidimensional contingency tables. The steps involved in log-linear analysis are presented in the context of an investigation of a personality characteristic of a group of counselor trainees. The references cited and supplemental readings allow interested readers to pursue the topic further. 相似文献
6.
《Exceptionality》2013,21(3):169-186
The analysis of categorical data has relied heavily on the traditional chi-square test. Although useful, chi-square is limited to testing single pairs of variables. Over the past several decades a powerful extension to chi-square analysis, able to analyze associations among several variables simultaneously, has been developed. This multivariate extension, known as log-linear analysis, offers opportunities for investigators to analyze and interpret categorical data with greater precision than previously possible. We provide an overview of the major steps involved in log-linear analysis and seek to promote its use when categorical data are lcollected from studies on the career development and transition of individuals with disabilities from school to adult life. 相似文献
7.
Francesco Arcidiacono Clotilde Pontecorvo 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(1):97-117
This work studies verbal conflict between parents and preadolescents through analysis of family dinnertime conversations.
We move from the assumption that verbal conflict is an educational instrument of interaction and a tool of socialization.
The aim of the research is to analyze the participants' strategies in situations of conflict and to highlight the relations
between parents and preadolescents in these specific situations. The data collection methodology is mainly ethnographical:
videotape recordings of Italian middle class family dinners (the families were selected as being dual career ones with two
children) were fully transcribed and codified following the approach of Conversation Analysis. The results of the quantitative
(by the use of the log-linear models) and qualitative analyses confirm the importance of verbal conflict in family context
as a particular cultural strategy of relationships between parents and preadolescents. The analytical data underline the relations
between different aspects of conflict and the pragmatic implications for all family members at dinnertime conversations. 相似文献
8.
Bert F. Green Carolyn R. Crone Valerie Greaud Folk 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1989,26(2):147-160
A method of analyzing test item responses is advocated to examine differential item functioning through distractor choices of those who answer an item incorrectly. The analysis, called Differential Distractor Functioning, uses log-linear models of a three-way contingency table to examine whether there is an interaction of population subgroup and option choice when ability is held constant. The analysis is explained and is exemplified in an analysis of the Verbal portion of a recent Scholastic Aptitude Test. 相似文献
9.
This research examines empathic dispositions of 178 pre-service teachers. We analyzed open ended responses to animated narrative vignette simulations (ANVs), which served as stimulated experimental situations depicting students in victim and perpetrator scenarios. Empathy was examined by addressing the following questions: (1) Do participants’ responses differ over vignettes? (2) What is the dimensionality of the empathy construct? (3) Is word count an indicator of empathy? (4) Is there a dispositional effect? (5) To what extent do pre-service teachers express empathy? After the text responses of pre-service teachers were coded, log-linear and log-multiplicative association models, which have graphical representations, were used to analyze the data and to develop a context dependent measure of empathy. The results suggest that a single latent variable underlies the responses, and from our measurement model, very few teachers expressed empathy toward the victim in the ANVs. 相似文献
10.
讨论了两种分布形式的零膨胀负二项回归模型,并应用一组实际汽车保险损失数据对两类模型进行了实证比较．结果表明,对于具有零膨胀特征的损失数据,零膨胀负二项回归模型的拟合结果优于普通索赔频率回归模型． 相似文献
11.
12.
Hsin-Kai Wu Ying-Shao Hsu Fu-Kwun Hwang 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(1):63-85
Researchers in educational technology have searched for factors to explain teachers’ acceptance and resistance to using technology
for instruction. Among the many identified factors, however, organizational and school factors have not yet been explored
and discussed. This study investigates the effects of school size on science and mathematics teachers’ adoption of technology
in classrooms. Using national survey data collected from 940 science and mathematics teachers at junior high schools in Taiwan,
we employed factor analyses, log-linear analyses, and three-way ANOVA techniques to examine interactions among school factors
and teacher factors. Results obtained from the log-linear analyses suggested that both the interactions of school region with
school size and school size with technology users were needed to explain teachers’ use of educational technology in classrooms.
It appears that teachers at small schools were more likely to use technology for instructional purposes. Additionally, results
of the study revealed that teachers at small schools tended to have positive attitudes toward technology use and that among
users of educational technology in southern Taiwan, teachers at small schools designed and used significantly more instructional
activities with technology. This study suggests that small schools provide a better environment for science and mathematics
teachers to implement educational technology in instruction. 相似文献
13.
Raters of Georgia's (USA) state-mandated college-level writing exam, which is intended to ensure a minimal university-level writing competency, are trained to grade holistically when assessing these exams. A guiding principle in holistic grading is to not focus exclusively on any one aspect of writing but rather to give equal weight to style, vocabulary, mechanics, content, and development. This study details how raters react to “errors” typical of African American English writers, of ESL writers, and of standard American English writers. Using a log-linear model to generate odds ratios for comparison of essays with these error types, results indicate linguistic discrimination against African American “errors” and a leniency for ESL errors in writing assessment. 相似文献
14.
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - The log-linear cognitive diagnosis model (LCDM) is a modern technique that dichotomously classifies individuals (e.g., possession and... 相似文献
15.
In equating, smoothing techniques are frequently used to diminish sampling error. There are typically two types of smoothing: presmoothing and postsmoothing. For polynomial log-linear presmoothing, an optimum smoothing degree can be determined statistically based on the Akaike information criterion or Chi-square difference criterion. For cubic-spline postsmoothing, visual inspection has been an important tool in choosing such optimum degrees in operational settings. This study introduces a new statistic for assessing the fitness of the cubic-spline postsmoothing method, which accommodates three conditions: (1) one standard error band, (2) deviation from unsmoothed equivalents, and (3) smoothness. A principal advantage of the new statistic proposed in this study is that an optimum degree of smoothing can be selected automatically by giving consistent amount of attention to deviation and smoothness across multiple equatings, whereas visual inspection may not be consistent. 相似文献
16.
This article introduces developmentalists to methods for estimating individual developmental functions from longitudinal data in a multilevel analysis. Quantitative growth curve models for estimating the developmental functions from various types of longitudinal data are discussed in the context of both an investigator's assumptions about individual development on the attribute and the design characteristics of the prospective study. General linear and inherently nonlinear models that estimate population, individual, and prototypic growth curves are illustrated and contrasted when they are fit to speech development data. 相似文献
17.
Mentoring in Teacher Education is a key component in the professional development of student teachers. However, little research focuses on the knowledge shared and generated in mentoring conversations. In this paper, we explore the knowledge student teachers articulate in mentoring conversations under three different post-lesson approaches to mentoring: dialogue journaling, regular conferences and stimulated-recall conferences. Propositional discourse analysis identified 4534 propositions that were subsequently classified into four types of knowledge: recalls, appraisals, rules and artefacts along with the precision of arguments therein. Additionally, log-linear analyses were conducted to search for differences among the three mentoring approaches. The results indicate that dialogue journaling demonstrated more appraisals of practice, regular conferences emphasised rules and artefacts, and stimulated-recall favoured more precision in the type of the arguments stated. The three mentoring styles favour different but complementary understandings of practice and point to the impact of various approaches to mentoring on the sort of knowledge shared and generated in post-lesson mentoring conferences. 相似文献
18.
近些年来,空间数据库成为一个活跃的研究领域。它不仅仅定位于对日益增长的数据进行管理,而且对地理信息系统这类空间应用程序进行需求分析,这些研究已经产生了空间数据类型的模型分类和空间查询语言,同时,还需要有更多的研究来提高对网络和场数据的支持。 相似文献
19.
This article investigates three types of stage-sequential growth mixture models in the structural equation modeling framework for the analysis of multiple-phase longitudinal data. These models can be important tools for situations in which a single-phase growth mixture model produces distorted results and can allow researchers to better understand population heterogeneity and growth over multiple phases. Through theoretical and empirical comparisons of the models, the authors discuss strategies with respect to model selection and interpreting outcomes. The unique attributes of each approach are illustrated using ecological momentary assessment data from a tobacco cessation study. Transitional discrepancy between phases as well as growth factors are examined to see whether they can give us useful information related to a distal outcome, abstinence at 6 months postquit. It is argued that these statistical models are powerful and flexible tools for the analysis of complex and detailed longitudinal data. 相似文献
20.
When dealing with missing responses, two types of omissions can be discerned: items can be skipped or not reached by the test taker. When the occurrence of these omissions is related to the proficiency process the missingness is nonignorable. The purpose of this article is to present a tree‐based IRT framework for modeling responses and omissions jointly, taking into account that test takers as well as items can contribute to the two types of omissions. The proposed framework covers several existing models for missing responses, and many IRTree models can be estimated using standard statistical software. Further, simulated data is used to show that ignoring missing responses is less robust than often considered. Finally, as an illustration of its applicability, the IRTree approach is applied to data from the 2009 PISA reading assessment. 相似文献