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1.
实验采用wistar大鼠18只,分为低磺组和正常组,于40日龄处死,取含弓状核的脑片,右侧做光镜观察,运用体视学原理,对弓状核神经元进行测量和计算。左侧做电镜观察。结果显示:低碘组弓状核神经元数密度增加,细胞体积减小,细胞核与细胞质平均体积减小。超微结构变化为:暗细胞增多,细胞内细胞器变性,次级溶酶体增多。在加碘组无上述变化,本结果提示了机体在低碘和甲状腺功能低下时,神经内分泌系统可能受到影响;其细胞的结构发生改变,必然影响细胞的功能。 相似文献
2.
20世纪80年代以来,国内外的学者在自闭症儿童的装扮游戏能力的研究方面取得 了很多有价值的成果.在分析了最新的研究成果之后,本文得出结论:装扮游戏能力缺陷 是自闭症儿童特有的障碍之一;心理表征及元表征缺陷、执行功能缺陷在一定程度上解释 了造成自闭症儿童装扮游戏困难的原因.此外,本文还介绍了针对自闭症儿童在装扮游戏 方面的评估以及干预措施. 相似文献
3.
Nelleke Bakker 《History of education》2016,45(6):813-830
From 1948 the World Health Organization expected child hygiene to include mental health. This article discusses the way school doctors adapted their activities and concerns accordingly in the mid-twentieth century in an agrarian-industrial area of the Netherlands. In spite of an improvement in pupils’ physical health they shifted their attention only to a limited extent towards mental health. Nevertheless, it became an important aspect of their work, as they stimulated activities they conceived of as promoting both physical and mental health, such as gymnastics and swimming. Their key interest concerned mental deficiency and the promotion of special schooling. In this respect they played a very active role, to the extent of producing ‘feeblemindedness’ and learning disabilities. At the same time the school doctors clung to their traditional ideal of supporting the school’s effectiveness by trying to reduce possible dangers threatening pupils’ learning capacity and, increasingly, their mental well-being. 相似文献
4.
Mental health disorders are currently the leading cause of disability among young people, internalising disorders such as anxiety and depression representing the most predominant mental health problems experienced. Given the high prevalence rates, low rates of treatment and associated adverse effects on social, emotional and academic functioning, the need to prevent the development of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents is paramount. The FRIENDS for Life intervention programme has been endorsed by the World Health Organisation as an evidence based programme effective for the prevention of child and youth anxiety. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the research base surrounding the FRIENDS for Life programme. All reviewed studies found that the programme had a positive impact on primary anxiety outcome measures compared to control groups, with small to medium effect sizes reported. However, a number of methodological and design concerns were identified across studies. Further quality school-based research is needed to ameliorate these challenges. 相似文献
5.
Childhood adversities are strong predictors of psychopathology and suicidality. However, specific adversities are associated with different outcomes, with cross-national variations reported. The current study examined rates of adversities reported in Northern Ireland (NI), and associations between adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology and suicidal behaviour were explored. Data was obtained from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress (NISHS), conducted as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative (2004–2008); response rate 68.4% (n = 1,986). The on-line survey used, the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to examine psychopathology and associated risk factors in the NI population. Prevalence rates of retrospectively reported childhood adversities were calculated, with gender and age variations explored. Females were more likely to experience sexual abuse. Individuals who grew up during the worst years of the civil conflict in NI experienced elevated levels of childhood adversities. Participants who endured childhood adversities were more likely to have mental health problems but variations in risk factors were found for different disorders. Parental mental illness was associated with all disorders however, with ORs ranging from 2.20 for mood disorders to 4.07 for anxiety disorders. Population attributable fractions (PAF) estimated the reduction in psychopathology and suicidal behaviour in the population if exposure to adverse childhood events had not occurred. The highest PAF values were revealed for parental mental illness and sexual abuse. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of psychopathology and suicide risk in NI are attributable to childhood adversities, providing support for early intervention and prevention initiatives. 相似文献
6.
作通过对当代大学生的观察、调查和了解，指出了当代大学生较为普遍的存在着不同程度厌学、焦虑、失眠或神经衰弱、失落感、交往恐惧症、抑郁症、强迫症等心理障碍。经过分析，得出了：社会大环境的影响、应试教育体制的影响、家庭教育的影响及大学生自身心理意质较差是形成心理障碍的主要原因。以心理学、生理学为依据，提出了运用自我调适、自我诊治、心理咨询、心理疗法是疏导大学生心理障碍的主要办法。 相似文献
7.
8.
Anthony Layne Vena Jules Peter Kutnick Clarissa Layne 《International Journal of Educational Development》2008
Studies have shown a positive relationship between a rise in schooling levels and economic production [World Bank, 2005. A Time to Choose: Caribbean Development in the 21st Century. World Bank, Washington, DC; Jules, V., Panneflek, A., 2000. EFA in the Caribbean: Assessment 2000, Sub-Regional Report, vol. 2, The State of Education in the Caribbean in the 1990s. UNESCO, Kingston, Jamaica; Haddad, W.D., 1990. Education and Development; Evidence for New Priorities. World Bank Discussion Paper 95. The World Bank, Washington, DC; McClelland, D., 1969. Does Education Accelerate Economic Growth. In: Eckstein, M.A., Noah, H.J. (Eds.), Scientific Investigations in Comparative Education. Macmillan, London], but this link may be limited in systems of education where traditional pedagogic methods have been dominant (such as the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Barbados where underachievement is also associated with lack of participation and low levels of social inclusion skills by teachers: World Bank, 1992. Access, Quality and Efficiency in Caribbean Education: a Regional Study. World Bank, Washington, DC; Kutnick, P., Jules, V., Layne, A., 1997. Gender and School Achievement in the Caribbean. Department for International Development, London). Into traditional classroom contexts in Trinidad and Barbados, a new social pedagogic method was introduced by teachers and changes in attainment and motivation of pupils and attitudes of teachers were assessed over two terms in secondary schools. 相似文献
9.
《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1991,22(2):151-160
Fisher, Robert (1990) Teaching Children to Think .
Dennison, B and Kirk, R (1990) Do, Review, Learn, Apply .
Poster, Cyril and Krugr, Angelica ed (1990) Community Education in the Western World .
Finlayson, J ed (1990) All Our Futures: Four Studies of Development Through Education and Training .
Lowe, Roy Editor editor (1989) The Changing Secondary School .
McBride, Rob editor (1989) The In-service Training of Teachers .
Bell, Chris and Harris, Duncan editors (1990) Assessment and Evaluation: World Yearbook of Education .
Foster, Pablo (1990) Manual for Staff Development Trainers .
Hilsman, H R (1989) The New Electronic Media .
Braker, John and Tucker, Richard editors (1990) The Interactive Learning Revolution .
Mirabito, M M and Morgenstern, B L (1990) The New Communications Technologies .
Taylor, Charles (1988) The Art and Science of Lecture Demonstration Opportunities for Adults .
Jones Ken (1989) A Sourcebook of Management Simulations .
Farmer, Bob, Eastcott, Diana and Lantz, Brian editors (1990) Aspects of Educational and Training Technology XXIII: Making Learning Systems Work . 相似文献
Dennison, B and Kirk, R (1990) Do, Review, Learn, Apply .
Poster, Cyril and Krugr, Angelica ed (1990) Community Education in the Western World .
Finlayson, J ed (1990) All Our Futures: Four Studies of Development Through Education and Training .
Lowe, Roy Editor editor (1989) The Changing Secondary School .
McBride, Rob editor (1989) The In-service Training of Teachers .
Bell, Chris and Harris, Duncan editors (1990) Assessment and Evaluation: World Yearbook of Education .
Foster, Pablo (1990) Manual for Staff Development Trainers .
Hilsman, H R (1989) The New Electronic Media .
Braker, John and Tucker, Richard editors (1990) The Interactive Learning Revolution .
Mirabito, M M and Morgenstern, B L (1990) The New Communications Technologies .
Taylor, Charles (1988) The Art and Science of Lecture Demonstration Opportunities for Adults .
Jones Ken (1989) A Sourcebook of Management Simulations .
Farmer, Bob, Eastcott, Diana and Lantz, Brian editors (1990) Aspects of Educational and Training Technology XXIII: Making Learning Systems Work . 相似文献
10.
Cuijpers P Smit F Unger F Stikkelbroek Y Ten Have M de Graaf R 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(11):937-945
Objectives
There is much evidence showing that childhood adversities have considerable effects on the mental and physical health of adults. It could be assumed therefore, that the disease burden of childhood adversities is high. It has not yet been examined, however, whether this is true.Method
We used data of a large representative sample (N = 7,076) of the general population in the Netherlands. We calculated the disability weight (DW) for each respondent. The DW is a weight factor that reflects the severity of a disease or condition on a scale from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (equivalent to death). We used an algorithm based on the SF-6D to estimate DW. Because the DW indicates the proportion of a healthy life year that is reduced by the specific health state of the individual, it also possible to calculate the total number of years lost due to disability (YLD) in the population. We calculated the years lived with disability (YLD) for 9 different childhood adversities (in the areas of parental psychopathology; abuse and neglect; major life events), as well as for major categories of mental disorders and general medical disorders.Results
All 9 adversities resulted in a significantly increased DW, except death of a parent before the age of 16. Adversities in the category of abuse and neglect are associated with the highest DWs (0.057), followed by parental psychopathology (0.031) and life events during childhood (0.012). All adversities (46.4% of the population reports one or more adversity) are associated with 20.7 YLD/1,000, which is more than all mental disorders together (12.9 YLD/1,000). The category of abuse/neglect has the highest YLD/1,000 (15.8), which is also higher than all mental disorders together. Adjustment for the presence of mental and general medical disorders resulted in comparable outcomes.Conclusions
Childhood adversities are more important from a public health point of view than all common mental disorders together, and should be a priority for public health interventions. 相似文献11.
当前闲散青少年群体与社会主流群体的隔离已经成为一个突出的社会问题。由此所衍生出的归属感缺失、自律性降低、对其他社会群体的敌视以及自身人格缺陷和心理障碍是闲散青少年犯罪的重要原因,严重地影响着闲散青少年对主流价值观的认同和对社会生活的心理适应。在现代化进程中,消除社群隔离,关爱闲散青少年,是预防和减少闲散青少年犯罪的重要途径。 相似文献
12.
This research collected 9295 university students’ stressful life events (SLEs) and suicide attempts within a year to conduct a latent class analysis and logical regression to explore the latent class and its correlation with the risk of suicide. The results showed that samples could be grouped in “less major SLEs”, “SLEs related to mental disorders” and “SLEs related to family atmosphere”, and students who experienced SLEs related to mental disorders and family atmosphere had higher risks of suicide, with those experiencing SLEs related to mental disorders to have the highest risks of suicide 相似文献
13.
闫红杰 《漯河职业技术学院学报》2010,9(4):119-120
心理疾患是当前危害我国青少年身心健康的突出问题。应当广泛开展心理训练,以解决青少年心理成长、心理缺陷、心理障碍及挖掘心理潜力等问题。要综合选择具有先进性、互补性的训练方式,引导青少年心理素质不断完善和发展。 相似文献
14.
目的:探究高校精神障碍学生家庭关怀、社会支持与自我效能感的关系.方法:使用家庭关怀度指数量表、社会支持量表以及自我效能感量表对30名在校精神障碍大学生测评.结果:50%的在校精神障碍大学生家庭存在中重度家庭功能障碍,社会支持各维度得分均显著低于常模(P<0.001),自我效能感得分低于普通大学生,其中在校精神障碍大学生中女生的自我效能感显著低于普通女大学生(P<0.001).在校精神障碍大学生的家庭关怀度、社会支持与自我效能感呈中等程度相关(r=0.426~0.619).结论:高校精神障碍学生家庭功能、社会支持差、自我效能感低,其家庭关怀度、社会支持与自我效能感存在一定的联系. 相似文献
15.
采用《青少年社会主义核心价值观量表》等问卷对1 171名“90后”大学生进行调查,根据调查数据分析了“90后”大学生社会主义核心价值观的认同程度及其与心理健康水平的相关性.结果表明,“90后”大学生对社会主义核心价值观的认同态度较积极明确,社会主义核心价值观认同程度与心理健康水平呈显著相关. 相似文献
16.
智力落后者的记忆缺陷及图画表象教学补救策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
智力落后者的实用性语文学习与记忆，一直是特殊教育工作者所关心的问题。至于如何针对其记忆缺陷，设计适当的教学策略，改善其记忆效果，更是特殊教育工作者所肩负的责任。本文拟就智力落后者所存在的记忆缺陷，图画表象教学策略的补救功能及其对智力落后者语文学习效果的影响，作一些粗浅的探讨，以供同仁参考。 相似文献
17.
陈永胜 《苏州教育学院学报》2012,29(5):67-69
目前,传统的心理咨询已经难以满足高职大学生的心理危机干预的需要,利用音乐对高职大学生心理危机进行干预可以很好的弥补其他方式的不足,其主要途径有：开设音乐课程提高学生理解音乐的能力,创建音乐心理减压室对学生进行专业的心理疏导,让学生在主动参与音乐活动中对其进行心理危机干预,开展音乐心理干预讲座,引导学生主动接受音乐对其心理危机的干预。 相似文献
18.
Since the early 1990s, life skills education has benefitted substantially from international agency advocacy and support, linked to its implementation in several countries as a key component of the education sector response to sexual health and HIV. The concept of life skills was first promoted by the World Health Organization through its programme on mental health as a means of promoting psychosocial competence. Since then, it has been extended to address a wider range of issues. Life skills-based HIV and sex education has proved to be a durable concept in education sector policy discourse on HIV and AIDS, despite a growing literature on the shortcomings in terms of its effectiveness in implementation in schools and delivering intended learning outcomes. Using a literature review, this paper aims to re-examine the adequacy of the life skills-based HIV education approach including empirical evidence for its effectiveness in educating about and preventing HIV infection among young people. Findings suggest that bureaucratic acceptance and advocacy for life skills-based HIV education has outstripped the theoretical adequacy and empirical evidence base for its effectiveness. Its current position among core indicators for the education sector response to HIV can be considered indicative of frozen thinking or inter-agency group-think. 相似文献
19.
Allyson Eamer Shanti Fernando Alyson E. King 《Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education》2017,11(4):190-202
This qualitative study explores the reflexive relationships among mental illness, acculturation, and progress toward English proficiency in five adult immigrants being treated at a Canadian psychiatric hospital. The research explores the additional challenges faced by mentally ill individuals when learning a new language and the extent to which English language acquisition may be impeded by factors related to mental illness. Semistructured ethnographic interviews are conducted with the patients. Data analysis is accomplished through grounded theory methods, specifically data-driven and theory-driven coding. The English language acquisition experiences of these five individuals are contrasted with second-language acquisition theory to suggest that the effects of the theoretical language learning advantages possessed by this group may have been diminished by factors related to mental illness. Policy recommendations are made to address this additional set of challenges for immigrants with psychiatric disorders. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(1):33-48
Abstract Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concerns in the United States and they tend to be among the most frequently reported in college mental health. While efficacious research for the psychotherapy treatment of specific anxiety disorders (e.g., social phobia, panic disorder, etc.) exists, the picture is more complex in clinical practice especially with students who are treated as a whole person, usually involving multiple co-existing disorders as well as normal developmental challenges of adjusting to college. This chapter reviews the evidenced-based research for anxiety disorders in both the general population and the college student population, as well as evidence for therapist/relationship factors. It examines the numerous challenges for conducting effectiveness studies in college mental health, suggestions for working with chronically anxious college students, and future directions for research and practice in this area. 相似文献