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1.
Yannis Hadzigeorgiou 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(10):1016-1028
This paper discusses R.S. Peters’ notion of ‘cognitive perspective’, which, through careful reading, can be interpreted as a wider perspective resulting from an awareness of the relationships of one’s knowledge and understanding to one’s own life. This interpretation makes cognitive perspective a holistic notion akin to that of worldview, and also points to the possibility for students to experience a change of outlook on the world, as a result of learning science. Given the ongoing debate regarding the notion scientific literacy and the problems associated with it, the development of cognitive perspective can be considered the primary goal of school science education, as it provides an alternative way to think about what it means for a student to be educated in science. Such a goal, in turn, points to the importance of teaching for the (practical and emotional) significance of scientific facts and ideas, as awareness of such significance does not necessarily follow the acquisition of content knowledge and the application of the latter in everyday contexts. The paper also attempts to clarify the notion of utility of scientific knowledge, as an understanding of such notion is crucilal for understanding the implications of the development of cogintive perspective for school science education. 相似文献
2.
儿童科学学习的心理年龄特征研究综述 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
以皮亚杰的认知发展理论为立论基础,采用文献分析对儿童科学相关实证研究进行分析,旨在剖析儿童(2￣7岁)科学学习过程中普遍呈现的心理年龄特征,本研究同时发现儿童科学学习之心理年龄特征存有普遍性、稳定性与共同性。最后依据综合分析的结果及相关实证研究的启示提出教育建议,期能对幼儿教师进行儿童科学教育有所助益。 相似文献
3.
科学史融入科学课程对于提高学生的科学素养有着重要的意义。将科学史融入科学课程,具有认知目标、元认知目标与情感目标三个维度的教育价值,其中,元认知价值是其本源价值,其他两种价值则是其衍生价值。将科学史融入科学课程还存在着一些潜在的"弊端",主要表现为科学研究与历史研究的目标与方法有实质性差别,科学课程中存在辉格主义科学史倾向,对于学生掌握科学史的程度难以测量。这些观点可促使我们更加自觉地利用科学史达成科学教育的目标。 相似文献
4.
乡村幼儿园受地理条件、资源条件、教学设施等诸多因素的影响,科学教育困难重重。文章分析利用乡村资源开展幼儿科学实践活动的意义和难点,探讨有效利用乡村资源开展幼儿科学实践活动的途径,以培养幼儿的科学探究能力,为幼儿成长埋下科学的种子,打下坚实基础。 相似文献
5.
以对理科学习的不同见解分析为基础,以影响儿童认知学习的内在要因"儿童的既有认知"为视角,深入探讨了对儿童既有认知的认识,以及儿童既有认知对理科学习的影响机制和儿童既有认知对理科学习的启示。 相似文献
6.
回到基本元素——陶行知幼儿科学教育思想解读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
袁宗金 《南京晓庄学院学报》2007,23(2):70-73
陶行知教育思想宝库中蕴涵着幼儿科学思想,他主张把幼儿科学教育作为科学教育的起始阶段,大力推行“科学下嫁”运动,提出要把科学下嫁给儿童,让每一个儿童从小树立一种科学的认知态度,养成一种科学的思维方式。他的幼儿科学教育思想对我国幼儿教育改革具有重要启示。 相似文献
7.
Ahmed Ibrahim Mark W. Aulls Bruce M. Shore 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(16):2450-2476
Sociocognitive theory [Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175; Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 248–287. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L] accords high importance to the mechanisms of human agency and how they are exercised through self-efficacy. In this paper, we developed and validated the McGill Self-Efficacy For Inquiry Engagement (McSELFIE) instrument with undergraduate students in natural science disciplines. We defined inquiry engagement as carrying out the practices of science (POS) that are supported by students’ personality characteristics (SPCs) and that result in achieving inquiry-learning outcomes (ILOs). Based on these theoretical perspectives, the McSELFIE is a 60-item, learner-focused survey that addresses three components that are theoretically important for engaging in scientific inquiry: (a) SPCs, (b) ILOs, and (c) POS. Evidence for construct and content validity were obtained by using experts’ judgments and confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 110 undergraduate students enrolled in science disciplines. Internal consistency of the factors and instrument was also examined. The McSELFIE instrument is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring science undergraduate students’ self-efficacy for inquiry engagement. Matched pairs analyses were conducted among the instruments’ factors. Students reported the highest self-efficacy for openness, applying knowledge, and carrying out investigations. Students reported the lowest self-efficacy for extraversion, understanding metacognitive knowledge, and planning investigations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
8.
于金龙 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2011,43(2):92-98
科学的实践性理解是科学实践哲学视野下基于境况性认知规范的科学理解新进路。科学实践哲学认为,对科学的认识离不开科学实践得以发生的实践境况,即实践境况对科学的理解具有规范涵义,科学理解在本质上是一种实践性理解。科学作为一种实践现象和科学理解规范的实践境况内在性,是科学的实践性理解的存在论前提;科学的实践性理解要求融贯自然主义哲学立场和以实践因果性作为规范原则。 相似文献
9.
Dylan Wiliam 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(1):17-29
ABSTRACT This article considers the emphasis on scientific evidence in the practical science curriculum in England and Wales, paying particular attention to some recent research findings concerning children's understanding in this area. The findings suggest that children's ability to conduct investigations in science appears to decline in the early years of secondary school. The authors discuss possible explanations for this decline which, it is suggested, contributes to a general failure among school children to make progress to higher levels of investigative work and in the acquisition of a real understanding of the nature of science itself. 相似文献
10.
刘景光 《福建教育学院学报》2011,(2):91-96
小学科学课程承担着培养小学生科学素质的重任,早期科学教育对每个人科学素质的形成具有十分重要的影响。然而在调研中发现,小学科学课程实施情况不尽人意：专职科学教师数量极其缺乏;科学课程开设严重不齐不足,兼职教师挪课现象相当严重;设施设备投入不足,科学专用教室和设备严重缺乏。这些问题严重影响小学科学教育正常开展。因此,必须提高对科学课程开设重要性认识,配备专职科学教师,保证开齐开好科学课程,促进学生创新意识和实践能力的提高。 相似文献
11.
师范教育由三级转向二级,培养小学新师资的任务已由高师承担。小学教师的培养要注重文理渗透,强调人文精神和科学素养的培养。为此,必须深刻认识科学素养的内涵,改革小学教育专业理科教学,加强师资队伍建设,科学设置理科课程,创新教学方法,实施探究性教学,强调实践教学环节,开展丰富多彩的科技活动,努力培养学生的科学素养,提高学生的科学素质。 相似文献
12.
"科学概念"是当今科学教育界关注的焦点问题之一,美国FOSS教材在《美国国家科学教育标准》和《科学素养的基准》两大文件的指导下,宏观上以"理解性地学习科学概念"作为教材编写的指导思想,具体构建了有层次的科学概念的内容体系,并通过观察和实验落实学生科学概念的获得,最后,以符合学生认知水平的表述方式帮助学生理解所学的科学概念。以上这些,都值得我国在编写科学教材时借鉴。 相似文献
13.
This research was carried out over a period of ten months with children in Grades 2 and 3 (aged 7 and 8) who were participating
in a sequence of technology activities. Since the introduction into Victorian primary schools ofThe Technology Studies Framework P-10 (Crawford, 1988), more teachers are including technology studies in their classrooms and by so doing may assist children's
understanding of science concepts. Children are being exposed to science phenomena related to the technology activities and
Technology Studies may be a way of providing children with science experiences. ‘Technology Studies’ in this context refers
to children carrying out practical problem solving tasks which can be completed without any particular scientific knowledge.
Participation in the technology activities may encourage children to become actively involved, thereby facilitating an exploration
of the related science concepts. The project identified the importance of challenge in relation to the children's involvement
in the technology activities and the conference paper (available from the first author) discusses particular topics in terms
of the balance between cognitive/metacognitive and affective influences (Baird et al., 1990)
Specializations: science and technology education, interest and attitudinal change.
Specialization: technology in the primary school. 相似文献
14.
幼儿教育是基础教育的重要组成部分,对幼儿实施良好的科学教育能为其以后继续接受科学教育并提高科学素养奠定良好的基础。在具体实施中,幼儿教师应结合幼儿身心发展特点对幼儿实施科学教育。 相似文献
15.
科学精神是现代人应当具备的基本品格,是儿童必须发展的基本素养。儿童科学精神的形成有赖于教师的引导,这使得科学精神必然是幼儿园教师专业素养的重要组成部分。具体来说,幼儿园教师应当具有求真精神、质疑与批判精神、探究精神。在开展科学教育活动的过程中,幼儿园教师应善于将自身的科学精神转化为有效的科学教育意识,将自己对科学价值的理解与认同转化为推动幼儿科学活动开展的精神动力,支持幼儿自由、自主、自在地进行科学体验和科学探索,使幼儿在教师科学精神潜移默化的影响下,逐渐养成敢于求真、勇于探索的科学精神。 相似文献
16.
当前以具体事实为中心的科学教育实践存在着一些弊端。超越事实的科学课教学的基本内涵是指:在科学课设计与实施过程中,以具体科学概念和概念性观念为核心,以具体事实性知识和主题为工具,以发展学生思维能力、促进学生对科学的理解并最终提升学生的科学素养为目标。改进当前以具体事实为中心的科学教育实践的策略是:改进现有的课程设计与编排;在科学教育中关注科学史的内容;改善教师培训的内容和形式,提高教师自身的科学素养。 相似文献
17.
This essay considers the question of why we should teach science to K-2. After initial consideration of two traditional reasons for studying science, six assertions supporting the idea that even small children should be exposed to science are given. These are, in order: (1) Children naturally enjoy observing and thinking about nature. (2) Exposing students to science develops positive attitudes towards science. (3) Early exposure to scientific phenomena leads to better understanding of the scientific concepts studied later in a formal way. (4) The use of scientifically informed language at an early age influences the eventual development of scientific concepts. (5) Children can understand scientific concepts and reason scientifically. (6) Science is an efficient means for developing scientific thinking. Concrete illustrations of some of the ideas discussed in this essay, particularly, how language and prior knowledge may influence the development of scientific concepts, are then provided. The essay concludes by emphasizing that there is a window of opportunity that educators should exploit by presenting science as part of the curriculum in both kindergarten and the first years of primary school. 相似文献
18.
工作记忆作为直接影响人类完成高级认知活动的重要因素而受到研究者的广泛关注,科学教育与工作记忆有着密切的关系。工作记忆容量的大小影响着学习者科学学习的发展与效果,主要表现在学习者科学学习态度的培养,科学理解与科学思维的发展等,并且随着学习者特质的不同,工作记忆容量的大小也有所差异。在科学教育中,教师可以通过改变教学方式扩大学生的工作记忆容量,通过对科学的理解促进他们在科学学习中的发展。 相似文献
19.
Hagop A. Yacoubian 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(3):308-327
Scientifically literate citizens must be able to engage in making decisions on science-based social issues. In this paper, I start by showing examples of science curricula and policy documents that capitalise the importance of engaging future citizens in decision-making processes whether at the personal or at the societal levels. I elucidate the ideological underpinnings behind a number of the statements within those documents that have defined the trajectory of scientific literacy and have shaped what ought to be considered as personal and societal benefits. I argue that science curricula and policy documents can truly endorse scientific literacy when they embed principles of democratic education at their core. The latter entails fostering learning experiences where some of the underlying assumptions and political ideologies are brought to the conscious level and future citizens encouraged to reflect upon them critically and explicitly. Such a proposal empowers the future citizens to engage in critical deliberation on science-based social issues without taking the underlying status quo for granted. I end up the paper by situating the preparation of scientifically literate citizens within a framework of democratic education, discuss conditions through which a curriculum for scientific literacy can serve democratic decision-making processes, and provide modest recommendations. 相似文献
20.
An appropriate understanding of the nature of the scientific enterprise (NOSE) is a key element of scientific literacy and can arguably be influenced through an exploration of the history of science. An elective, undergraduate History of Science course was organized in the form of small-group discussion-based inquiries into the history of science from ancient to modern times. Group discussions focused on STATEMENTS OF CRITICAL SIGNIFICANCE (SOCS) prepared by individual students on assigned readings prior to each class meeting. Small-group discussions were followed by a synthesis, facilitated by the instructor, of points raised in SOCS and other ideas central to the reading. The overarching goal of these activities was to help students see the multifaceted nature of the scientific enterprise in the context of social, political, cultural, and religious milieu of the time period and the geographic setting within which specific scientific activities and developments took place. The impact of this course on student understanding of the NOSE was assessed through the use of VIEWS ON SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY (VOSTS) instrument administered as pre- and post-test. Qualitative data regarding student understanding of the NOSE were furnished by the final exam on the NOSE written in the form of SOCS at the end of semester. Results based on four semesters of the course offering indicate modest gains in student understanding of specific aspects of the NOSE. They are discussed, along with the usefulness of small-group, discussion-based inquiries into the history of science as a way of enhancing scientific literacy during undergraduate science education. 相似文献