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1.
In this paper we analyse the extent to which the quality of teaching and research inputs, as measured by Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) scores, can account for variations in the employability of taught postgraduates. Pooling data from the 1997, 1998 and 1999 First Destinations Surveys we estimate regression equations for male and female UK postgraduates. Our results suggest that the lack of direct financial rewards associated with a higher QAA score may have persuaded many institutions to adopt a ‘threshold’ approach to Subject Review. However, the impact of RAE score suggests that students in institutions with a stronger research culture do have enhanced levels of employability. This is in line with the strong emphasis on active research input mandated by many professional bodies at the postgraduate level. When considered alongside recent policy pronouncements, this suggests that many institutions choosing to become teaching‐only, may ultimately risk becoming undergraduate‐only. 相似文献
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Child development in low and middle income countries (LMIC) is compromised by multiple risk factors. Reducing children’s exposure to harmful events is essential for early childhood development (ECD). In particular, preventing violence against children – a highly prevalent risk factor that negatively affects optimal child development – should be an intervention priority. We used the Child Health and Nutrition Initiative (CHNRI) method for the setting of research priorities in integrated Early Childhood Development and violence prevention programs (ECD+). An expert group was identified and invited to systematically list and score research questions. A total of 186 stakeholders were asked to contribute five research questions each, and contributions were received from 81 respondents. These were subsequently evaluated using a set of five criteria: answerability; effectiveness; feasibility and/or affordability; applicability and impact; and equity. Of the 400 questions generated, a composite group of 50 were scored by 55 respondents. The highest scoring research questions related to the training of Community Health Workers (CHW’s) to deliver ECD+ interventions effectively and whether ECD+ interventions could be integrated within existing delivery platforms such as HIV, nutrition or mental health platforms. The priority research questions can direct new research initiatives, mainly in focusing on the effectiveness of an ECD+ approach, as well as on service delivery questions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic exercise of its kind in the field of ECD+. The findings from this research priority setting exercise can help guide donors and other development actors towards funding priorities for important future research related to ECD and violence prevention. 相似文献
4.
李洵 《南通职业大学学报》2008,22(4):56-58
培养具有研究能力的人才是创建创新型社会的需要,而研究性学习是培养研究能力的基础。大学基础课不仅为其他学科的学习提供必要的基础知识,更重要的是利于培养学生良好的学习习惯和思维习惯,培养脚踏实地的研究作风,提高分析问题、研究问题和解决问题的能力。 相似文献
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Andrew Jenkins 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):403-420
The objective of this research was to identify the effects of participation in learning on the subjective wellbeing of older adults. Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a large-scale, nationally representative survey of those aged 50 and above. The survey contains several wellbeing measures and information on three types of learning: formal courses, music/arts/evening classes and gym/exercise classes. Multiple regression analyses were applied to the change in wellbeing outcomes between two survey waves. The key finding was that music, arts and evening classes were significantly associated with changes in each of the measures of subjective wellbeing. Formal courses and gym/exercise classes were not significantly associated with wellbeing, after controlling for other factors. 相似文献
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Marc Csapo 《Psychology in the schools》1983,20(1):67-73
This investigation compared the cost effectiveness of two approaches—the social learning approach and the social learning approach with reinforcement—to increase the frequency of targeted social skills with socially withdrawn/isolate children. Twelve grade three subjects were selected whose mean score was higher than 2.00 on the social withdrawal subscale of the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist. The frequency of four behaviours—asking questions, giving directions, praising and encouraging, and social other—were observed and compared to the frequency of behavior of an “average” peer. The results indicated that the social learning approach paired with reinforcement for teaching targeted social skills was more cost effective, thus more feasible for classroom application. 相似文献
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Jerome C. Clauser Melissa J. Margolis Brian E. Clauser 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2014,51(2):127-140
Evidence of stable standard setting results over panels or occasions is an important part of the validity argument for an established cut score. Unfortunately, due to the high cost of convening multiple panels of content experts, standards often are based on the recommendation from a single panel of judges. This approach implicitly assumes that the variability across panels will be modest, but little evidence is available to support this assertion. This article examines the stability of Angoff standard setting results across panels. Data were collected for six independent standard setting exercises, with three panels participating in each exercise. The results show that although in some cases the panel effect is negligible, for four of the six data sets the panel facet represented a large portion of the overall error variance. Ignoring the often hidden panel/occasion facet can result in artificially optimistic estimates of the cut score stability. Results based on a single panel should not be viewed as a reasonable estimate of the results that would be found over multiple panels. Instead, the variability seen in a single panel can best be viewed as a lower bound of the expected variability when the exercise is replicated. 相似文献
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In this study conducted with 80 first‐year students in a graduate medical course at the Australian National University, Canberra, students’ critical thinking skills were assessed using the Watson‐Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Forms A and B) in a test‐retest design. Results suggested that overall subjects retained consistent patterns of ability in critical thinking over the year. Subjects aged 30 years and over were more likely to perform better on the tests than subjects aged under 30. However, there was a significantly lower group mean on Form B than on Form A. Subjects with an above‐mean score on Form A, or subjects aged 30 years and over, were more likely to be associated with a reduced score on Form B than were subjects with a below‐mean score on Form A, or aged less than 30 years. In motivational terms, it is suggested that subjects who had more highly developed critical thinking skills, and older subjects, conducted a more realistic effort/reward analysis before the administration of Form B, and were less willing to put effort into a test that was not an assessable component of their medical school curriculum, than were other students. For the design of assessment items in higher education, this would suggest that assessment weightings need to reflect accurately the size of the reward, or possible outcome, of completing those assessments if students are to work to their ability. 相似文献
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评价机制一直是各国高校科研改革和发展的一个核心问题。目前国内外的研究成果普遍关注科研评价机制的制定过程、模式和成效,却少有研究关注其具体实施过程,即科研评价活动的实际运行管理。政策实施过程的运行管理直接影响政策的成效。英国的科研评价活动(researchassessment exercise,RAE)因为历史悠久、影响巨大,不仅在英国争议极大,在世界各国也普受关注。笔者剖析RAE自1986年以来运行管理的特征和变革,突出其专业化管理团队、同行评议一致性、客观性改革及成本效益的争议,探索其对科研评价成效的影响。 相似文献
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高职健美操教学方法的研究与实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
健美操不仅具有体育的属性,而且也具有艺术属性,更有与时俱进的社会开放性和人文性,它是大学生掌握终身体育锻炼的有效方式之一。面对体育教学理念的不断更新,教学形式、教学方法的不断改革,如何体现健美操教学中的丰富内涵,提高教学质量是健美操教学的热点和难点。通过教学方法的研究与实践,解决了传统教学法存在的弊端,从而营造了宽松和谐的课堂教学气氛,有效地提高了教学质量。 相似文献
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工程项目管理伴随着工程项目建设的全过程,由于项目类型多样化、投资主体多元化、管理程度复杂化等问题,原先的管理模式已跟不上时代发展,开发一款面向综合的通用性强的管理信息系统尤为重要。分析工程项目管理的过程,将系统分为投标管理、合同与风险管理、进度管理、质量管理、费用管理、资源管理、总结与收尾管理等模块,采用B/S三层体系结构开发,为工程项目管理系统的研发提供一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Stephen Sharp 《Educational studies》1996,22(1):111-124
Recent developments in statistics have enabled much more effective use to be made of examination results both in educational research and in school management. These developments, however, have assumed that the educational potential of pupils can be assessed by some measure external to the teaching context, such as score on a standardised test of verbal reasoning. This paper considers the extent to which examination results can be used in this way without such an external measure. A method is described which involves comparing a pupil's grade in a given subject with what that pupil would expect on the basis of his/her grades in other subjects taken at the same time. Evidence is presented which suggests that, for most subjects, the resulting measure of subject attainment is not affected by the nature of the catchment area. Applications of the method in studying subject‐based patterns at school, regional and national levels are explored and limitations to its use in research and management are outlined. 相似文献
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John Carmichael 《Distance Education》1995,16(1):7-23
This article reports on an innovative use of a voice processing system – Voice Mail – to support students undertaking law subjects in the distance education mode. It is contended that the computer‐based voice processing system is a potent and cost‐effective means of minimising isolation, distance from other students and perceived disadvantages compared to internal students studying the same subject. These bulletins are seen as having a variety of possible uses including covering developments in dynamic disciplines after the cut‐off time, extending the ‘shelf‐life’ of print‐based materials, providing students with particular needs with a valued form of contact and being either a regular feature of subjects or used at peak times. They provide a means for spontaneity and for students to share in setting the agenda – features perhaps not often associated with teaching in the distance mode. This report arises out of a particular improvisation and it is anticipated more systematic developments and research will follow this particular initiative. 相似文献
14.
高翔 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(2):86-88
体育锻炼不足仍是现存的普遍现象,锻炼行为理论的应用对研究者理解个体采纳和坚持规律的体育锻炼行为提供了帮助,分析当前常用的锻炼行为理论并展示该领域研究的新进展,从而揭示锻炼行为研究的动向,为锻炼行为研究创新和探索理论的综合应用的模式提供参考. 相似文献
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As the primary interface between test developers and multiple educational stakeholders, score reports are a critical component to the success (or failure) of any assessment program. The purpose of this review is to document recent research on individual‐level score reporting to advance the research and practice of score reporting. We conducted a search for research studies published or presented between 2005 and 2015, examining 60 scholarly works for (1) the research focus, (2) stated or implied theoretical frameworks of communication, and (3) the characteristics of data sets employed in the studies. Results show that research on score properties, especially subscores, and score report design/layout are well‐represented in the literature base. The predominant approach to score reporting has been through a cybernetics tradition of communication. Data sets were often small or localized to a single context. We present example research questions from novel communication frameworks, and encourage our colleagues to adopt new roles in their relationships to stakeholders to advance score reporting research and practice. 相似文献
16.
Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a relatively common (1/500 to 1/1,000) genetic syndrome caused by an extra X chromosome in males, leading to an XXY karyotype. In most cases, the physical and neurobehavioral characteristics of KS are relatively mild, and KS is not usually associated with moderate or severe mental retardation. However, KS is often associated with significant language‐based learning disabilities and executive dysfunction, making it a plausible genetic model for understanding the neurobiology of these areas of cognition that are so fundamental to learning in a classroom. Additionally, the psychosocial aspects of KS, which can have a significant impact on school performance and learning, have been explored only on an anecdotal level. We have conducted pilot studies in a small group of KS adolescents and adults to begin to identify the social, emotional, and adaptive behavior issues facing KS subjects and have identified several areas for further research. This includes characterization of mild maladaptive behaviors, as well as significant strengths in other areas. Further work is needed to determine how the social‐emotional and cognitive features of the disorder interact or change over the lifetime of subjects and how the learning disabilities respond to hormonal or cognitive‐based therapy. 相似文献
17.
英语专业四级考试听写成绩与总成绩相关研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
此项研究以台州学院450名英语专业学生的四级考试成绩为研究对象,运用定量研究,经积差法计算和SPSS10统计软件统计分析,调查了英语专业四级考试短文听写成绩与总成绩的关系.结果表明,短文听写成绩与总成绩成一定的正相关.由此提出,有必要加强英语专业学生短文听写的训练,提高学生的综合英语水平,从而提高英语专业四级考试的通过率. 相似文献
18.
在小学的课程标准中,道德与法治的教学与其他科目的教学侧重点略有不同。道德与法治课程的教学主要是帮助学生形成健全的人格,促进学生形成一种良好的行为品德,锻炼学生的思维能力,促进学生全面发展。 相似文献
19.
We here analyse the ethical dimensions of the UK's ‘Research Excellence Framework’ (REF), the latest (2014) version of an exercise which assesses the quality of university research in the UK every seven or so years. We find many of the common objections to this exercise unfounded, such as that it is excessively expensive by comparison with alternatives such as various metrics, or that it turns on the subjective judgement of the assessors. However there are grounds for concern about the crude language in which for example all relevant scholarship becomes called ‘research’ and publications become ‘outputs’. The focus on the impact of research, which was a new feature of the most recent exercise, is particularly problematic, creating as it does a tendency to what Aristotle called alazony, self‐aggrandisement, on the part of academics. We conclude that the REF is a mixed good from an ethical point of view, and that more could be done to mitigate its more unfortunate features. 相似文献
20.
王先俊 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2010,38(3):266-273
"马克思主义中国化史"是"马克思主义中国化研究"的重要支撑学科,对其进行探讨有着突出的学术和现实意义.为了使这项工作更加规范,必须弄清楚它的研究对象、研究内容,及其同其它相关学科与研究领域的联系和区别.这是学科建设的内在需要,也是保证学术研究合乎规范的前提和基础. 相似文献