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1.
阅读素养是语文教育的核心内容,但其内涵不明。本研究拟比较中美两份语文课程标准,厘清阅读素养内 容,反思当前语文教育改革。结果显示,两国课标都视阅读能力和文化养成为阅读素养的构成维度,但侧重点不同。中 国课标以内容为导向,强调其文化养成功能,着重建构课程的文化内容体系。美国核心标准则以过程为导向,重视发展 文本信息处理的认知能力,着重培养学生的学术阅读能力。籍此,论文还探讨了阅读素养对外语阅读教学的启示。 相似文献
2.
Despite cognitive neuroscience's emphasis on the modularity of cognitive processes, multivariate genetic research indicates that the same genetic factors largely affect diverse cognitive abilities, at least from middle childhood onward. We explored this issue for verbal and nonverbal cognitive development in infancy in a study of 1,937 pairs of same-sex 2-year-old twins born in England and Wales in 1994. The twins were assessed by having their parents use a measure of productive vocabulary (the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory) and a novel measure of nonverbal cognitive abilities (Parent Report of Children's Ability). Verbal and nonverbal development correlated .42. A multivariate genetic analysis indicated that genetic factors were responsible for less than half of this phenotypic correlation. Moreover, the genetic correlation between verbal and nonverbal abilities was only .30, which indicates that genetic effects on verbal and nonverbal abilities are largely independent in infancy. These multivariate genetic results suggest that genetic effects on cognitive abilities are modular early in development and then become increasingly molar. The implications of this result for theories of cognitive development are discussed. 相似文献
3.
In Australia, emphasis in early childhood education policy is placed on the importance of the role of the family as a child's first educator, and finding effective ways to raise the effectiveness of parents in supporting children's learning, development and well-being. International studies demonstrate that the home learning environment (HLE) provided by parents is closely associated with children's cognitive outcomes: literacy activities at home are likely to predict children's literacy abilities and numeracy activities at home are likely to predict children's numeracy abilities. However, studies focusing on building the capacity of primary caregivers to increase informal learning opportunities, such as enhancing children's literacy and numeracy learning in the HLE, have rarely been the focus of research. This study uses a sample of 113 four-year-old children to explore the association of specific aspects of the HLE with different child outcomes while controlling for child and family characteristics. In addition, a non-intensive, yet purposeful and systematic intervention to draw parents’ attention to the principles of dialogic reading and the principles of counting was introduced. Study findings suggest that parents responded positively to this approach, and that literacy and numeracy aspects of the HLE were specific predictors for children's numeracy and literacy competencies. 相似文献
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5.
John P. Gallagher 《Instructional Science》1979,8(4):393-414
With increasing frequency, constructs developed within the field of cognitive/information processing psychology are being employed in the development of instructional theory. This article attempts to organize a broad range of developments in instructional psychology which have this common origin. Particular emphasis is placed on the applicability of constructs such as data structures and procedures. Recent developments in instructional psychology are discussed relative to cognitive task analysis, individual difference variables, and cognitive models of interactive instructional decision-making. Implications for future theory and practice are considered. 相似文献
6.
笔者采用问卷调查、访谈等方式,对少数民族院校学生在英语学习中的不可控因素、可控因素、民族学生的语言特性、文化因素等进行了调研,并依据抽查结果分析了民族院校学生英语认知能力的特征及这种能力形成、发展的规律。 相似文献
7.
江素芬 《广东广播电视大学学报》2005,14(1):48-51
本文针对目前开放教育试点中学生对传统教学模式依赖性强、自主学习能力低的情况，提出要促进学生自主学习，必须转变教师和学生的教学观念和学习观念，强调加强教师对学生自主学习的指导的，重视课堂教学的辅导作用，改革课堂教学模式。 相似文献
8.
Tønnessen FE 《Journal of learning disabilities》1999,32(5):386-393
If the field of cognitive psychology is to avoid the use of introspective methods, it must focus on the objective norms or rules for correct performance of cognitive tasks and not on subjective processes. In this manner, the cognitive approach will be more logical than empirical. Cognitive psychology alone is not able to answer the question "Why is it that some people have difficulty following some of the cognitive norms or rules?" Behaviorism and connectionism can make more important contributions here. In the treatment of dyslexia, emphasis must be placed on the fact that reading is a skill that requires both automatization and awareness. To have a flexible and functional combination of these, we must borrow from cognitive psychology, connectionism, and behaviorism. 相似文献
9.
Maizam Alias Zainal Abidin Akasah Mohd. Jahaya Kesot 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(2):212-232
Learning in the cognitive domain is highly emphasised and has been widely investigated in engineering education. Lesser emphasis is placed on the affective dimension although the role of affects has been supported by research. The lack of understanding on learning theories and how they may be translated into classroom application of teaching and learning is one factor that contributes to this situation. This paper proposes a working framework for integrating the affective dimension of learning into engineering education that is expected to promote better learning within the cognitive domain. Four major learning theories namely behaviourism, cognitivism, socio-culturalism, and constructivism were analysed and how affects are postulated to influence cognition are identified. The affective domain constructs identified to be important are self-efficacy, attitude and locus of control. Based on the results of the analysis, a framework that integrates methodologies for achieving learning in the cognitive domain with the support of the affective dimension of learning is proposed. It is expected that integrated approach can be used as a guideline to engineering educators in designing effective and sustainable instructional material that would result in the effective engineers for future development. 相似文献
10.
In the field of education, there is a great emphasis placed on literacy, from reading fluency to writing. There are various approaches that teachers can use in their classroom to design and identify needed areas of instruction, but these approaches do not always apply to Deaf Education. The act of using the same assessments throughout all student populations presents some potential issues, particularly the question of whether or not the students’ actual literacy abilities are being identified. The focus is to spotlight a frequently used approach for measuring reading fluency and present an alternative approach. 相似文献
11.
方芳 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,(Z1)
在众多影响英语学习能力的因素中,认知方式、性格特征、语言学能和文化因素尤其容易影响学习者。笔者首先简要论述了认知主义对语言学习以及学习模式的影响,然后针对蒙古族学生的性格特征、语言学能、年龄和文化因素展开讨论,目的是帮助学习者提高学习能力和学习效率。 相似文献
12.
中学教师专业发展有其阶段性存在,而教师教育职前培养和教师在职专业发展,是一个统一完整和持续不断的专业发展过程。当前教师教育职前培养,对英语师范生素质结构,英语教育界已有广泛的认同,但对其素质培养的途径和方法的教学实践,收效却不甚理想。我们认为,英语专业师范生素质培养,在注重专业知识、专业技能和专业素养培养的同时,切不能忽视几种核心能力的培养：1．专业发展规划意识和能力;2．自主学习态度和能力;3．教学技能实践与反思能力;4．教学科研能力。 相似文献
13.
S.K. Huijbregts P.P.M. Leseman L.W.C. Tavecchio 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008,23(2):233-244
The present study investigated the cultural childrearing beliefs of 116 caregivers from different cultural communities in the Netherlands (Dutch, Caribbean-Dutch, and Mediterranean-Dutch), working with 2–4-year-olds in daycare centers. Cultural childrearing beliefs were assessed with standard questionnaires, focusing on general and daycare-specific individualistic and collectivistic childrearing beliefs. Cultural differences were evident regarding general individualistic and collectivistic beliefs. Both immigrant groups agreed more with collectivistic ideas and less with individualistic ideas than Dutch caregivers. Regarding caregivers’ daycare-specific beliefs, much smaller cultural differences were found. This indicates consensus among caregivers from different ethnic/cultural backgrounds on core issues of childrearing in daycare settings. Results further showed that caregivers’ individualistic ideas were best predicted by their cultural community, whereas collectivistic ideas were also predicted by the diversity of caregivers’ close colleagues and their years of experience. These findings demonstrate that caregivers’ childrearing belief systems are in part determined through a prolonged socialization process by the belief systems of their cultural and religious communities, and in part by their professional experience and their colleagues. Discussing childrearing beliefs should therefore become customary both in daycare centers as in caregivers’ professional preparation, to make caregivers more aware of their own and their colleagues’ cultural beliefs. Once aware of their childrearing beliefs, caregivers can make a start in actively discussing pedagogical guidelines, in order to reach a shared approach to childrearing. 相似文献
14.
B.R. Singh 《Educational studies》1996,22(1):41-56
While some researchers place greater emphasis on heredity causes of individual differences in cognitive functioning, others place greater emphasis on cultural and environmental factors (broadly defined). Still others place greater stress on the dynamic interrelationship between the genetic components and the environmental components in accounting for individual cognitive functioning. The paper examines these views and concludes that intelligence is far more complex than hereditarians would admit and that although we may go along with the view that heredity could set the limit to cognitive development, it is not possible to tell what this limit is, if we define intelligence as a multifaCEDSd, multicausal phenomenon, which is partially malleable and capable of expression in many diverse ways. 相似文献
15.
Kevin Downing Richard Ho Kristina Shin Lilian Vrijmoed Eva Wong 《Educational studies》2007,33(1):1-13
It is now largely accepted that social and cultural factors have a significant impact on cognitive development in children. Piaget acknowledged the impact of social factors and peer interaction on cognitive development. However, there has been relatively little work on the impact of social and cultural factors on the development of metacognition in first‐year university students. Using the Learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI) as a measure of metacognition, this study samples first‐year undergraduates in Hong Kong (N = 1815) and identifies significant differences in metacognitive abilities between students living in their home environment and those who have moved away from their family and, in some cases, culture, to pursue undergraduate education. 相似文献
16.
Robert J. Kirschenbaum 《Roeper Review》2013,35(2):95-97
The rationales underlying the enrichment and acceleration approaches to programming for the gifted are analyzed and compared. The focus is on how each approach views questions concerning who are the gifted and how they are best educated. Acceleration emphasizes development of specific cognitive abilities while enrichment is aimed at helping students with certain personality characteristics to organize their abilities into constructive and creative products. The Revolving Door Identification Model debate aired in an earlier issue of this journal is used to illustrate the differences that exist between proponents of enrichment and acceleration programming models. 相似文献
17.
文化育人是对知识育人表达的知识本位的教育、视人为知识的容器的教育模式的革命,它倡导的是全面育人的教育理念。文章从以人为本、促进人的全面发展的视角,认为文化育人的本质在于提升人性;文化育人重在情感与精神的培养;文化育人重视技能到人格的提升;文化育人有利于恢复教育的品德和荣誉。 相似文献
18.
Current trends in research on motivation in the classroom are based on theories that focus on the individual's intrapsychological traits or his or her cognitive and/or affective functioning. In contrast to this individualistic perspective, social constructivist theory provides a framework for conceptualizing motivation as socially negotiated by the participants in the classroom. In such a conceptualization, motivation is inseparable from the instructional process and the classroom environment. The culturally determined joint activity between student and social context results in an internal state of interest and cognitive and affective engagement, and motivated behaviors, both of which can be considered cultural norms. Implications of this perspective for understanding motivation, classroom instruction, and research are discussed. 相似文献
19.
施铁如 《广东教育学院学报》2008,28(1):21-26
文化心理学有三个主要学派：符号取向、个人取向、活动理论。它们的交汇点是“文化符号活动”。自我是通过文化符号活动而社会地发生的个人建构。作为文化符号活动的叙事和认同相互构成,不可分离。它们通过人造物、情感、自我反思、活动、时间5个维度而发生作用。叙事既可作为干预变量考虑,也可以作为搜集分析资料的方法而成为文化心理研究的重要方式。 相似文献
20.
Manfred Lang 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(1):9-22
Interpersonal discussions and mediated exchange are combined processes in curriculum planning and innovation in the national project PING, a system for the development and evaluation of integrated science education in lower secondary schools in Germany. In this project teachers from pilot schools, researchers, teacher trainers and administrators are collaborating by direct interpersonal exchange in teacher training sessions, workshops and research meetings, or through mediated exchange by mail or electronic network. Collaboration is supported by institutionalisation and co-ordination with the aim of curriculum development for integrated science teaching. A major activity in the project is the reflective development and research activity of a core group, supported by a collaborative network. Analysis of interviews and network activities specify functions and problems of mediated exchange. The network is experienced as helpful for a continuous development in the project, especially through documentation and revision of a knowledge base of something already thought or discussed. The format is dependent on a co-ordination centre that offers exchange of messages, files and announcements. There is no direct mediated exchange between participants of the network. Mediated exchange is not a substitute for interpersonal contacts, especially of colleagues, and does not help to overcome teachers' individualistic role in class. However, it is socially less constrained by rivalries and unequal workload than interpersonal co-operation. Interpersonal and mediated reflective collaboration depends on a system of exchange between different persons across different institutions involved in a social and cultural context. Teachers are part of this exchange. In class, reflective practice refers to a situation where teachers mainly depend on their 'autonomous self'. At this point, teachers lack support from others and this lack is a conceptual problem of the individualistic reflective practice approach. 相似文献