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1.
The aim of this study was to examine female gymnasts' fear of injury, their sources of self-efficacy and the psychological strategies used to overcome their fears. The participants were 10 female gymnasts aged 12 - 17 years. They had all taken part in competitive gymnastics and had experienced some type of injury during their careers. Individual interviews were conducted using a structured interview guide. Data were analysed using an inductive content analysis. The results indicated that gymnasts were most fearful of injuries because of the difficulty in returning from an injury and being unable to participate in practices and competitions while injured. Gymnasts described aspects of their past performance experience, such as success, consistency and communication with significant others, as important sources of self-efficacy. Some examples of psychological strategies used to overcome their fear of injury were mental preparation (e.g. imagery, relaxation), just "going for a skill" and the coaches' influence. 相似文献
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Future drop-outs (n = 27) and continuing (n = 41) female competitive gymnasts were compared with respect to their physical, performance and injury characteristics measured through a large battery of tests completed while they were participants in competition. Included were anthropometric variables, body composition and somatotype, strength, flexibility, endurance, power, speed and balance measurements, and previous injury information. Differences were examined through t-tests and through discriminant analyses of principal components. The results indicate that the drop-outs were as a group distinguishable from the continuing gymnasts: they were significantly older, taller and heavier which may account for the finding that they were significantly stronger, more powerful and faster, and had greater endurance. They also had a slightly more linear/ectomorphic physique with less muscularity, and performed better on most flexibility tests. Only in a gymnastic-specific flexibility variable did the continuing gymnasts out-perform the drop-outs. It was concluded that it was mainly the age factor, and presumably the social and psychological factors associated with it, that distinguished the future drop-outs from the continuing gymnasts, and that factors related to the physical make-up and performance capacities of gymnasts cannot readily predict withdrawal from the sport. 相似文献
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Psychological characteristics of male gymnasts: differences between competitive levels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K S Spink 《Journal of sports sciences》1990,8(2):149-157
The purpose of this study was to examine whether any differences exist in the cognitive and behavioural strategies of gymnasts competing at different elite levels. Thirty-eight male gymnasts competing at different competitive levels in an Australian gymnastic championship completed a standardized questionnaire prior to the first day of the competition. The questionnaire focused on a number of psychological factors that may affect both training and competition. Using both t-tests and simple discriminant function analysis, it was revealed that gymnasts competing at different elite levels could be distinguished on the basis of two psychological factors, psychological recovery and self-confidence, as well as the behavioural measure, training hours. Specifically, gymnasts competing at higher elite levels versus those at lower elite levels, were better able to recover from their competitive mistakes, were more confident and trained longer per week. 相似文献
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Asymmetry in gymnastics underpins successful performance and may also have implications as an injury mechanism; therefore, understanding of this concept could be useful for coaches and clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine kinematic and external kinetic asymmetry of the arm segments during the contact phase of a fundamental skill, the forward handspring on floor. Using a repeated single subject design six female National elite gymnasts (age: 19?±?1.5 years, mass: 58.64?±?3.72?kg, height: 1.62?±?0.41?m), each performed 15 forward handsprings, synchronised 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Asymmetry between the lead and non-lead side arms was quantified during each trial. Significant kinetic asymmetry was observed for all gymnasts (p?相似文献
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Kevin S. Spink 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):149-157
The purpose of this study was to examine whether any differences exist in the cognitive and behavioural strategies of gymnasts competing at different elite levels. Thirty‐eight male gymnasts competing at different competitive levels in an Australian gymnastic championship completed a standardized questionnaire prior to the first day of the competition. The questionnaire focused on a number of psychological factors that may affect both training and competition. Using both t‐tests and simple discriminant function analysis, it was revealed that gymnasts competing at different elite levels could be distinguished on the basis of two psychological factors, psychological recovery and self‐confidence, as well as the behavioural measure, training hours. Specifically, gymnasts competing at higher elite levels versus those at lower elite levels, were better able to recover from their competitive mistakes, were more confident and trained longer per week. 相似文献
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运用文献资料、数理统计以及观察访问等方法,针对体育院校田径必修课跨栏跑教学中,女生在学习过程中普遍存在一定恐惧心理现象,结合教学实践和教学对象特点,在跨栏跑教学中采用“活动式代替栏板”进行教学。教学实验结果表明：新式教法有助于消除学生在跨栏时的恐惧感和心理障碍,增强学生跨栏的练习信心和积极性,加快了学生学习跨栏跑的进程,使跨栏跑教学质量取得显著效果。 相似文献
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Roman Farana Timothy Exell Gerda Strutzenberger Gareth Irwin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(3):423-430
Biophysical loading of the elbow and wrist is a potential reason for chronic lesions in gymnastics and present a real concern for coaches, scientist and clinicians. Previous research has identified injury risk factors during round-off (RO) skills in elite female gymnasts. The aim of this study was to investigate key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different techniques of fundamental cartwheel (CW) and RO skills performed by young female artistic gymnasts. Seventeen active young female gymnasts performed 30 successful trials of both CW and RO from a hurdle step with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic (240?Hz) and kinetic (1200?Hz) data were collected for each trial. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and effect size (ES) were used for statistical analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences (P?0.8) among hand positions for peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), peak elbow compression force, peak wrist compression force, elbow internal adduction moment and wrist dorsiflexion angle. In conclusion, the parallel and reverse techniques increase peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces, and elbow internal adduction moment. These differences indicate that the parallel and reverse techniques may increase the potential of elbow and wrist injuries in young gymnasts compared with the T-shape technique; this is of particular importance with the high frequency of the performance of these fundamental skills. 相似文献
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Abstract Most research on the correlates of sport involvement has utilized male samples. The present study focuses on a sample of high school girl gymnasts, basketball players, track participants, and a control group of nonathletes. The correlates of participation investigated include familial factors, peers, teachers and coaches' encouragement to participate in sports, and the social psychological variables of perceived femininity, self-reported athletic ability, and body image. The findings indicate that socialization into sport begins in childhood and continues into high school with considerable encouragement from significant others. The basketball players reported somewhat less encouragement and tend to see themselves as less feminine than the other athletes. Athletes had higher self-perceptions of athletic ability than the nonathletes. The athletes' perceptions of their body image were generally more positive than the nonathletes. This latter finding suggests a reduction of stigma formerly associated with female involvement in sport. 相似文献
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Participation in elite sport, and in particular those sports with special demands in terms of weight and shape, is associated with a higher risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa [Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2010). Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 112–121]. We report upon research exploring eating attitudes and behaviours within elite gymnastics. The study comprised 42 semi-structured interviews with gymnasts and support staff—34 gymnasts and 9 staff/support staff. The majority of those interviewed were acrobatic gymnasts (22; 16 males and 6 females) with 7 rhythmic gymnasts (all female) and 5 tumblers (all female). The mean age of those gymnasts interviewed was 17.4. A difficulty in precisely delineating extreme eating patterns (disordered eating) from having an eating disorder was noted. Within an elite sports context behaviours thought to be pathological in a more general setting might be fairly commonplace and even functional to the athlete's performance. The extent to which the athlete consents to these patterns of behaviour is problematic given their age and development. We argue that conceptualising consent as ‘authority to be cared for by a trustworthy coach’, more felicitously applies to the child/adolescent elite sporting context, helping us understand not only the focus of the elite gymnast, but also their relationship with the coach and the coaches' responsibilities. 相似文献
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刘邦华 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(10):21-22
本文运用问卷调查法为主要研究方法,以湖南省体操运动员运动损伤者为研究对象,探讨我省体操运动员运动损伤成因与运动场景的关系,旨在最大限度地预防运动损伤的发生。结果显示：运动场景是导致运动员运动损伤的重要原因之一;在运动损伤的运动员中,由于运动场景的原因,城与乡、一线队与二线队、男与女的受伤人数比例成显著差异。而一线队与二线队运动员因“情景回顾”受伤人数比例无明显差异。 相似文献
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Roman Farana Gerda Strutzenberger Timothy Exell Jiri Skypala Huw Wiltshire Gareth Irwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1449-1456
The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts. 相似文献
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优秀男子体操运动员急性损伤原因的个性剖析及应付策略初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以损伤的交互作用理论(将损伤的发生看成是个体特性、技术、情境三者交互作用的函数)为指导,采用准则组设计与ABC分析法对91名中国优秀男子体操运动员(19.00±2.18)所报告的185例损伤从个性与管理角度进行了剖析。通过不同年龄组的典型内向型运动员与典型外向型运动员比较及不同年龄组的典型稳定型运动员与典型不稳定型运动员的比较,研究发现了不同年龄不同类型的运动员在急性损伤发生方面的一些共性与特异性,并针对性地提出了一些具体的应付策略。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the range of movement in gymnastic and dance populations. Sixty-five participants (41 females, 24 males; mean age 21.4 years) were assessed. The sample included dancers and gymnasts ranging from novice and club standard to international and professional status. Non-specialized physical education students acted as controls. Range of movement was measured at the shoulders, hips, lumbar spine and ankles using a Loebl hydrogoniometer, and inherent joint laxity was assessed using Beighton and coworkers' adaptation of the Carter and Wilkinson 9-point scale. The right and left sides of the body were assessed and measures of active and passive motion were recorded. A graded increase in laxity was observed from controls, through novice gymnasts, to dancers and finally international gymnasts. The greater laxity of females than males was also confirmed. Dancers and gymnasts had a greater passive range of movement in all joints, which was partly inherited and partly acquired. There was a large difference between their active and passive ranges, which appeared to render the joints unstable. 相似文献
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在技战术日益接近的情况下，心理素质往往是夺取最后胜利的决定因素。而在心理训练中，运动员意志品质有着举足轻重的地位。在体操运动项目中。运动员遭到各种各样的压力和困扰，要排除这些阻力．克服困难。坚持不懈地与强手拼搏到底，运动员必须具备有顽强的彀力、坚强的意志。 相似文献
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为考察高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其赛前焦虑和心理疲劳的影响,采用应对自我效能问卷、赛前焦虑问卷和心理疲劳问卷对243名普通高校高水平篮球运动员进行调查。结果发现：（1）高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其赛前焦虑具有显著的负向预测效果;（2）高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其心理疲劳具有显著的负向预测效果。因此,高水平篮球运动员应掌握一些有效的应对策略以提高其应对自我效能,进而降低其焦虑程度和心理疲劳水平。 相似文献
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Sien Vercruysse Leen Haerens Evert Verhagen Lennert Goossens Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):868-876
Physical education (PE) teachers are at a high risk of musculoskeletal sports or work-related injuries because of the physical activity as inherent part of their profession. Such injuries have a negative impact on work and leisure time activities, and effective injury prevention interventions are needed. The present study aimed at testing the effectiveness of an injury prevention intervention that was developed and optimized according to PE teachers' wishes and values. Fifty-five PE teachers were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Intervention group teachers engaged in two days of training during which they familiarized with eight injury prevention strategies (seven intrinsic and one extrinsic). A special feature of the intervention was that the way of delivery was based on the self-determination theory in order to stimulate participants' motivation to adhere to the proposed strategies. Prospective registrations during one school year were conducted concerning injuries and preventive behaviours. Results showed that the intervention group teachers had a lower number of injuries per 1000?h time of exposure (TOE) than the controls (INT: 0.49, CON: 1.14 injuries/1000?h TOE, OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.06–5.07), and applied a broader variety of strategies including dynamic and static stretching, core stability, balance and strength training, when compared to the controls who mainly engaged in warming-up. In conclusion, with the same amount of time, an injury reduction was found in PE teachers through a more balanced use of provided preventive strategies. 相似文献
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针对在教学过程中青少年在学习跨栏时经常出现恐惧心理,形成心理障碍以致不能学习跨栏技能的问题,本文从青少年的心理特点出发,分析青少年跨栏初学者产生恐惧心理的原因,并提出如下建议:教师可以在教学中通过培养学生学习动机、合理安排教学进度、根据学生自身状况制定教学目标等方法,让学生能够克服心理障碍,全身心的投入到技能学习中。另外,教师除了对学生进行技能培养外,还应该注意学生意志品格的培养。 相似文献
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新规则对我国女子蹦床运动员备战2008年奥运会的影响及对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘兴 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(2):9-12
采用现场裁判评分、调研考察等方法,对参加2005年第24届世界蹦床锦标赛的中外优秀女子运动员实施新规则后的比赛情况进行研究。结果表明:中外运动员第1套动作的构成发生了3个主要变化;我国优秀运动员第1套动作的平均难度分高于世界优秀运动员,但平均最后得分低于世界优秀运动员;不同成绩区间运动员的难度分与比赛成绩没有表现出线性关系;我国运动员所掌握的动作数量及动作类型与世界优秀运动员有一定差距;第2套动作质量已处于世界先进水平,但动作难度相对落后。进一步提高第1套动作质量和第2套动作难度是我国备战和实现2008年奥运会金牌目标的必然要求。 相似文献