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1.
In this article, themost relevant literature on cognitive aging and instructional design is merged to formulate recommendations for designing computer-based training material aimed at elderly learners. The core message is that researchers and instructional designers do not need to develop special computerized instruction for older adults. Rather, existing principles of general instructional and multimedia design can be evaluated and used to accommodate the needs of elderly learners. Particular attention is given to John Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Richard Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). It is argued that these instructional theories bear important benefits for older learners because they support an efficient use of available cognitive resources. New research directions are suggested to test the implications of these theories for learning in old age.
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Pascal W. M. Van GervenEmail: |
2.
A Reconsideration of Cognitive Load Theory 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Cognitive load theory has been very influential in educational psychology during the last decade in providing guidelines for
instructional design. Whereas numerous empirical studies have used it as a theoretical framework, a closer analysis reveals
some fundamental conceptual problems within the theory. Various generalizations of empirical findings become questionable
because the theory allows different and contradicting possibilities to explain some empirical results. The article investigates
these theoretical problems by analyzing the conceptual distinctions between different kinds of cognitive load. It emphasizes
that reduction of cognitive load can sometimes impair learning rather than enhancing it. Cognitive load theory is reconsidered
both from the perspective of Vygotski’s concept of the zone of proximal development and from the perspective of research on
implicit learning. Task performance and learning are considered as related, but nevertheless fundamentally different processes.
Conclusions are drawn for the further development of the theory as well as for empirical research and instructional practice.
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Wolfgang SchnotzEmail: |
3.
This article introduces a research study on student model formation and development in introductory mechanics. As a point
of entry, I present a detailed analysis of the Long Decay Model of one-dimensional projectile motion. This model has been
articulated by Galileo (in De Motu) and by contemporary students. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
Mark Joseph LatteryEmail: |
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
4.
More than a conversation: using cogenerative dialogues in the professional development of high school chemistry teachers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sonya N. Martin Kathryn Scantlebury 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2009,21(2):119-136
This paper focuses on content-based and pedagogical instructors’ use of cogenerative dialogues to improve instructional practice
and to evaluate program effectiveness in a professional development program for high school chemistry teachers. We share our
research findings from using cogenerative dialogues as an evaluative tool for general assessment of various program-related
issues. We discuss how engaging students in cogenerative dialogues improved teaching and learning in chemistry and chemistry
education courses. This research provides insights and direction for improving content-based professional development programs
for science teachers and the learning experiences of high school science students. Cogenerative dialogue has the potential
to expand evaluation methodologies that will position participants more centrally in not only the collection of data, but
also the analysis of these data to catalyze transformative practices in educational programs.
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Sonya N. MartinEmail: |
5.
In this article, we report a research project on web-based case instruction that was developed and implemented to allow prospective
early childhood teachers to be exposed to various dilemmas faced by practicing teachers. The goal of this project was to design
an instructional tool and method that could help prospective teachers expand their notion of classroom management beyond a
set of techniques. We collected 23 prospective teachers’ pre and postessays before and after the 3-week implementation of
the web-based case instruction, along with surveys and a focus group interview data. The initial data analysis results indicated
that this instructional method was effective for (a) promoting prospective teachers’ awareness of multiple perspectives, (b)
encouraging them to explore diverse ways of problem solving, and (c) articulating their justification based on a sense of
moral responsibility and affective engagement. We conclude with implications for future research and early childhood teacher
education.
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Kyunghwa LeeEmail: |
6.
This commentary first summarizes and discusses the analysis of the two translation processes described in the Oliveira, Colak,
and Akerson article and the inferences these researchers make based on their research. In the second part of the commentary,
we describe procedures and criteria used in adapting tests into different languages and how they may apply to adaptation of
instructional materials. The authors provide a good theoretical analysis of what took place in two translation instances and
make an important contribution by taking the first step in providing a systematic discussion of adaptation of instructional
materials. Our discussion proposes procedures for adapting instructional materials for examining equivalence of source and
target versions of adapted instructional materials. We highlight that many of the procedures and criteria used in examining
comparability of educational tests is missing in this emerging research of area.
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Kadriye ErcikanEmail: |
7.
Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment: A Research-Based Pedagogy for Teaching Science with Classroom Response Technology 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Classroom response systems (CRSs) are a promising instructional technology, but most literature on CRS use fails to distinguish between technology and
pedagogy, to define and justify a pedagogical perspective, or to discriminate between pedagogies. Technology-enhanced formative assessment (TEFA) is our pedagogy for CRS-based science instruction, informed by experience and by several traditions of educational
research. In TEFA, four principles enjoin the practice of question-driven instruction, dialogical discourse, formative assessment, and meta-level communication. These are enacted via the question cycle, an iterative pattern of CRS-based questioning that can serve multiple instructional needs. TEFA should improve CRS use and
help teachers “bridge the gap” between educational research findings and practical, flexible classroom strategies for science
instruction.
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Ian D. BeattyEmail: |
8.
Eileen Carlton Parsons Stephanie Foster Crystall Travis Gomillion Jamila Smith Simpson 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2008,19(1):69-83
Science education reforms promote access to quality science education for all students. Outcome disparities in various measures
indicate that such access remains elusive for African Americans. Cultural incongruence is one among many explanations for
this previously described inaccessibility. The intent of this article is not to report additional research findings, but to
translate the information provided in the literature into an instructional form that science teacher educators can employ
in the preparation of prospective science teachers or the further development of practicing ones. Pivoting around a role play,
the authors discuss communication within African American communities, its incongruence with the discourse patterns typically
valued and reinforced in school science, and the importance of such knowledge for science teacher educators.
Lieutenant Colonel Stephanie Foster is now product manager in the U.S. Army Research Development and Engineering Command.
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Eileen Carlton ParsonsEmail: |
9.
10.
Aesthetic principles for instructional design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article offers principles that contribute to developing the aesthetics of instructional design. Rather than describing
merely the surface qualities of things and events, the concept of aesthetics as applied here pertains to heightened, integral
experience. Aesthetic experiences are those that are immersive, infused with meaning, and felt as coherent and complete. Any
transformative learning experience will have significant aesthetic qualities, and all instructional situations can benefit
from attention to these qualities. Drawn from aesthetics theory and research and informed by current ID and learning theories,
a set of five first principles and twelve guidelines for their application are described. The principles are not only compatible
with existing ID theory bases but can complement and support that theory by offering ways to embody it in engaging learning
experiences.
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Patrick E. ParrishEmail: |
11.
This article reports on the development of a methodology that integrates virtual and hands-on inquiry in a freshman introductory
biology course. Using a two time × two order-condition design, an effective combination (blend) of the two environments was
evaluated with 39 freshman biology participants. The quantitative results documented no significant effect of presentation
order but demonstrated a significant effect of the combined learning experience. The qualitative results showed a strong preference
by students for the virtual work preceding the hands-on laboratory. The study provides practitioners an effective alternative
to traditional instructional practices by combining virtual and hands-on inquiry learning.
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Lisa R. LudvicoEmail: |
12.
Integrating technology into K-12 teaching and learning: current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
Khe Foon Hew Thomas Brush 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2007,55(3):223-252
Although research studies in education show that use of technology can help student learning, its use is generally affected
by certain barriers. In this paper, we first identify the general barriers typically faced by K-12 schools, both in the United
States as well as other countries, when integrating technology into the curriculum for instructional purposes, namely: (a)
resources, (b) institution, (c) subject culture, (d) attitudes and beliefs, (e) knowledge and skills, and (f) assessment.
We then describe the strategies to overcome such barriers: (a) having a shared vision and technology integration plan, (b)
overcoming the scarcity of resources, (c) changing attitudes and beliefs, (d) conducting professional development, and (e)
reconsidering assessments. Finally, we identify several current knowledge gaps pertaining to the barriers and strategies of
technology integration, and offer pertinent recommendations for future research.
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Khe Foon HewEmail: |
13.
Fredrick D. Pociask Gary R. Morrison 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(4):379-399
In this study, we examined the effectiveness of instructional materials designed to control redundancy and split attention
in the teaching of complex orthopedic physical therapy skills. Participants included 41 first-year physical therapy students.
The modified instruction group received a modified unit of instruction designed to reduce cognitive load, while the control
group received a traditionally designed unit of instruction. Four hypotheses were tested relating to achievement on cognitive
and psychomotor tests, ratings of cognitive load, and task completion times. The multivariate analysis yielded significant
results for three of the four hypotheses (ES = +0.52). As predicted, the participants receiving the modified instructional
materials scored significantly higher on the written post-test and psychomotor tasks, while reporting a lower level of cognitive
load on both tasks. These results suggest that designers can increase the germane cognitive load by reducing the extraneous
cognitive load through good instructional and message design practices.
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Gary R. Morrison (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Bringing the Classroom to the Web: Effects of Using New Technologies to Capture and Deliver Lectures
Technology expands instructional options for faculty, and this study examines the differential learning effects of offering
a lecture on physics to students in a traditional classroom versus internet video formats. Based on an experiment conducted
in a natural educational context, results indicate enhanced transfer of lecture information in the video formats relative
to the live condition, with students also responding more positively to personalized video presentation.
相似文献
Eric L. DeyEmail: |
15.
Conceptual change: a discussion of theoretical, methodological and practical challenges for science education 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Conceptual change views of teaching and learning processes in science, and also in various other content domains, have played
a significant role in research on teaching and learning as well as in instructional design since the late 1970s. An important
issue is whether conceptual change can provide a powerful framework for improving instructional practice in such a way that
students’ levels of scientific literacy are significantly increased. In this article, the first section provides an overview
on the development of conceptual change perspectives. In sections two to six, we examine the different ways that researchers
have facilitated the collection of data and empirically evaluated learning as conceptual change based on these different theoretical
perspectives. In section seven, we identify key issues of conceptual change with a deliberate emphasis on their contribution
to improve instructional practice and conclude the article by posing challenges at theoretical, methodological and practical
levels. We contend that conceptual change perspectives still have the potential to significantly improve instructional practice.
However, it becomes also evident that actual practice is far from what conceptual change perspectives propose and that change
of this practice will be a rather difficult and long-lasting process.
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Reinders DuitEmail: |
16.
The Impact of an Engineering Design Curriculum on Science Reasoning in an Urban Setting 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Eli M. Silk Christian D. Schunn Mari Strand Cary 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(3):209-223
This study examines the use of engineering design to facilitate science reasoning in high-needs, urban classrooms. The Design
for Science unit utilizes scaffolds consistent with reform science instruction to assist students in constructing a design
solution to satisfy a need from their everyday lives. This provides a meaningful context in which students could reason scientifically.
Eighth grade students from two urban schools participated in the unit. Both schools contained large percentages of racial/ethnic
minority and economically disadvantaged students. Students demonstrated statistically significant improvement on a paper-and-pencil,
multiple-choice pre and post assessment. The results compare favorably with both a high-quality inquiry science unit and a
traditional textbook curriculum. Implications for the use of design-based curricula as a viable alternative for teaching science
reasoning in high-needs, urban settings are discussed.
相似文献
Eli M. SilkEmail: |
17.
Improving mathematics instruction through lesson study: a theoretical model and North American case 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine C. Lewis Rebecca R. Perry Jacqueline Hurd 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2009,12(4):285-304
This article presents a theoretical model of lesson study, an approach to instructional improvement that originated in Japan.
The theoretical model includes four lesson study features (investigation, planning, research lesson, and reflection) and three
pathways through which lesson study improves instruction: changes in teachers’ knowledge and beliefs; changes in professional
community; and changes in teaching–learning resources. The model thus suggests that development of teachers’ knowledge and
professional community (not just improved lesson plans) are instructional improvement mechanisms within lesson study. The
theoretical model is used to examine the “auditable trail” of data from a North American lesson study case, yielding evidence
that the lesson study work affected each of the three pathways. We argue that the case provides an “existence proof” of the
potential effectiveness of lesson study outside Japan. Limitations of the case are discussed, including (1) the nature of
data available from the “auditable trail” and (2) generalizability to other lesson study efforts.
相似文献
Catherine C. LewisEmail: |
18.
Robin H. Kay Liesel Knaack 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(2):147-168
Learning objects are interactive web-based tools that support the learning of specific concepts by enhancing, amplifying,
and/or guiding the cognitive processes of learners. Research on the impact, effectiveness, and usefulness of learning objects
is limited, partially because comprehensive, theoretically based, reliable, and valid evaluation tools are scarce, particularly
in the K-12 environment. The purpose of the following study was to investigate a Learning Object Evaluation Scale for Students
(LOES-S) based on three key constructs gleaned from 10 years of learning object research: learning, quality or instructional
design, and engagement. Tested on over 1100 middle and secondary school students, the data generated using the LOES-S showed
acceptable internal reliability, face validity, construct validity, convergent validity and predictive validity.
相似文献
Robin H. KayEmail: |
19.
Technology in Support of Collaborative Learning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reviews the research conducted in the last 20 years on the application of technology in support of collaborative
learning in higher education. The review focuses primarily on studies that use Internet-based technologies and social interaction
analysis. The review provides six sets of observations/recommendations regarding methodology, empirical evidence, and research
gaps and issues that may help focus future research in this emerging field of study.
相似文献
Paul RestaEmail: |
20.
Mei Kuin Lai Stuart McNaughton Helen Timperley Selena Hsiao 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2009,21(1):81-100
Schooling improvement initiatives have demonstrated that moderate but significant achievement gains are possible with well
designed interventions, but there is little research into whether these gains can be sustained. The present study examines
the extent to which acceleration in achievement made during a three-year literacy intervention and the associated school-based
practices were continued. Statistical modelling showed continued acceleration in student achievement (four months in addition
to expected progress) at a rate similar to the intervention. The school-based practices associated with sustainability were
part of a process of change (rather than a specific instructional programme) comprising two dimensions — organisational learning
through ongoing inquiry into solving problems arising from teaching and learning and the development of professional learning
communities to promote organisational learning. Effectiveness was enhanced by schools embedding the process into their normal
school routines as part of a coherent instructional programme and the availability of expertise.
相似文献
Selena HsiaoEmail: |