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在科学管理实验室中,质量控制是一种极为有效的方法。为获得更为准确的数据应在科学管理实验室中重视质量控制环节。本文介绍了实验室内部质量控制的内容,通过探讨质量控制程序、常规水质分析质量控制的方法及分析数据的处理方法等阐述了质量控制在水质分析中的应用。 相似文献
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《科学中国人》2015,(14)
水是人类生存不可缺少的重要资源,人类用水质量的好坏直接影响着人们的身体健康,对管网水质进行有效的监测和质量控制是一项有利于子孙后代的重要工作,也是供水工作中最关键的工作之一。我国目前所使用的水质监测方式多为人工监测,这种监测方法技术相对成熟,测量结果也很稳定,但是具有一定的滞后性,而采用现代化的水质自动监测系统便可以有效的解决这一问题。在水质自动监测系统运行的过程当中,要严格遵守相关的操作规则正确使用监测系统,从而使测得的数据结果更加真实有效。本文首先针对水质自动监测系统的运行管理进行了分析论述,并提出了质量管理框架,从而更好的实现该系统的运行及质量控制。 相似文献
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锅炉水质监测工作是检查锅炉水处理情况的一个重要手段,通过监测水质情况可以及时发现水处理设备运行存在的各种问题,从而保证锅炉的使用安全及经济运行。在中国有关工业锅炉水质的标准GB/T1576-2008《工业锅炉水质》中,明确规定了各种工业锅炉给水及运行时的水质要求,其中硬度和溶解氧是其中最重要的指标。本文仅探讨硬度指标的检测问题。 相似文献
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质量控制是水质监测分析工作的重要组成部分,是保证监测数据真实、可信、准确、可靠的基本手段。但是影响水质监测过程中质量控制及质量保证的因素有很多,既有主管因素又有客观因素。因此需要积极的采取措施,把对监测结果造成影响的因素降到最少,把误差降到最低,从而保证检测数据的可靠性和准确性。本文从水质监测的重要性出发,对水质检测过程中影响质量控制和质量保证的因素进行了分析,并且对如何保证水质监测中的质量控制及质量保证提出了可行的措施,希望对水质监测工作提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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实验室质量控制就是要拒监测分析误差控制在容许的限度内,保证测量结果的精密度和准确度,使分析数据在给定的置信水平内,有把握达到所要求的质量。同时质量控制和质量保证是实验室分析工作的内容之一,是水环境监测工作的技术关键和科学管理实验室的有效方法。 相似文献
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目的:对实验室放射卫生监测能力水平进行检验,从而确保检测结果的持续和可靠,进而实现持续性的质量控制。方法:根据我国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护和核医学安全所组织的全国职业性外照射个人剂量监测系统质量控制比对方案对2010、2012、2013、2015四次参加全国放射工作人员热释光个人剂量做盲样的比对。结果 :通过比对发现2015年的热释光个人剂量监测系统比对结果为优秀,其与三个年份的比对结果为合格。结论:实验分析中的实验室个人剂量监测系统数据具有较强的可靠性,设备的性能也较为稳定,监测技术也满足相关性能的要求,但是在系统误差质量控制方面,实验室还需要做具体的控制提升。 相似文献
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近年来,国家环保部相继修订并颁布了多项新的国家环境保护标准,《水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法》(HJ 636—2012)于2012年6月1日起实施,国标《水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法》(GB11894—89)相应废止.修订后的方法对总氮分析质量保证和质量控制有很大提高,但按照新标准分析仍有总氮空白值偏高的问题.本文从仪器设备、实验用水、试剂质量、消解程序、过硫酸钾溶液配制和保存以及实验室环境6个方面,进行对比试验来探讨水质监测中总氮空白偏高问题. 相似文献
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保护水资源和水环境的整体工作中离不开水质监测,在具体的水质监测工作中应该减少技术的应用错误应用,以达到对水质监测工作操作性的强化,进而实现水质监测工作整体的提升。本研究以水质监测实际工作为基础,列举了水质监测工作中采样技术、实验室环境、仪器仪表、测试过程、数据处理、结果分析方面的问题,提供了以水质资源监测分析、信息技术应用的方法,希望为水质监测工作做到规范化、全面化和系统化有所帮助。 相似文献
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Sweta Kulkarni R. Ramesh A. R. Srinivasan C. R. Wilma Delphine Silvia 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(1):102-107
Preanalytical steps are the major sources of error in clinical laboratory. The analytical errors can be corrected by quality control procedures but there is a need for stringent quality checks in preanalytical area as these processes are done outside the laboratory. Sigma value depicts the performance of laboratory and its quality measures. Hence in the present study six sigma and Pareto principle was applied to preanalytical quality indicators to evaluate the clinical biochemistry laboratory performance. This observational study was carried out for a period of 1 year from November 2015–2016. A total of 1,44,208 samples and 54,265 test requisition forms were screened for preanalytical errors like missing patient information, sample collection details in forms and hemolysed, lipemic, inappropriate, insufficient samples and total number of errors were calculated and converted into defects per million and sigma scale. Pareto`s chart was drawn using total number of errors and cumulative percentage. In 75% test requisition forms diagnosis was not mentioned and sigma value of 0.9 was obtained and for other errors like sample receiving time, stat and type of sample sigma values were 2.9, 2.6, and 2.8 respectively. For insufficient sample and improper ratio of blood to anticoagulant sigma value was 4.3. Pareto`s chart depicts out of 80% of errors in requisition forms, 20% is contributed by missing information like diagnosis. The development of quality indicators, application of six sigma and Pareto`s principle are quality measures by which not only preanalytical, the total testing process can be improved. 相似文献
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Rachna Agarwal Sujata Chaturvedi Neelam Chhillar Renu Goyal Ishita Pant Chandra B. Tripathi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):61-68
Quality in laboratory has huge impact on diagnosis and patient management as 80–90% of all diagnosis is made on the basis
of laboratory tests. Monitoring of quality indicators covering the critical areas of pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical
phases like sample misidentification, sample rejection, random and systemic errors, critical value reporting and TATs have
a significant impact on performance of laboratory. This study was conducted in diagnostic laboratories receiving approximately
42,562 samples for clinical chemistry, hematology and serology. The list of quality indicators was developed for the steps
of total testing process for which errors are frequent and improvements are possible. The trend was observed for all the QI
before and after sensitisation of the staff over the period of 12 months. Incomplete test requisition form received in the
lab was the most poor quality indicator observed (7.89%), followed by sample rejection rate (4.91%). Most significant improvement
was found in pre- and post-analytical phase after sensitisation of staff but did not have much impact on analytical phase.
Use of quality indicators to assess and monitor the quality system of the clinical laboratory services is extremely valuable
tool in keeping the total testing process under control in a systematic and transparent way. 相似文献
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高校实验室建设与管理探讨 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
加强高校实验室建设与管理是高校教学管理工作的重要组成部分,加强实验室建设与管理对于提高教学质量、培养创新人才有着举足轻重的作用。从加强高校实验室建设与管理工作出发,提出了加强实验室规划建设和实验室管理,建立科学化、规范化、制度化的实验室管理体制,加强实验室队伍建设,充分发挥实验技术人员的能动作用,为实验教学和科研服务。 相似文献
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Puja kumari Jha Nirupama Sharma Juhee Chandra Rachna Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(3):337
Variability in analytical performance of some analyte indicated the need of evaluation of quality plan of our laboratory. We tried to put the same degree of effort into our quality metrics as we put into the laboratory processes themselves. Application of six sigma methodologies improve the quality by focusing on the root causes of the problems in performance and analyzing by flowcharts, fishbone diagrams and other quality tools. Sigma metric was calculated for laboratory parameters for a period of 8 months during 2018–19. The analytes with poor sigma metric were free Thyroxine (FT3, FT4), Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium. Sigma metric of free Thyroxine (FT3, FT4), Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium were below 3. A road map for process improvement was designed with DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) model to solve the issue. Possible causes for low analytical performance of the particular analytes were depicted in Fishbone diagram. The Fishbone analysis identified the water quality issues with electrolyte analysis while high ambient temperature was culprit for poor assay performance of free Thyroxine. Sigma metric of the analytical performance was assessed once again after root cause analysis. Sigmametric showed marked improvement in control phase. Identification of problems led to reduction in non value added work leading to adequate resource utilization by addressing the priority issue. Therefore, DMAIC tool with Fish bone model analysis can be recommended as a well suited method for troubleshooting in poor performance of laboratory parameter. 相似文献
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啤酒大麦育种早代品质微量快速筛选技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报道了对啤酒大麦品质微量、快速检测技术的一系列研究结果；从微型制麦芽设备的研制和微型制麦芽技术的研究着手，配套提出一系列能适用于微量麦芽品质快速检测的方法，最后提出大麦品种制啤品质微量简易的综合评分公式，采用本文所介绍的设备和技术，只需１５ｇ大麦籽粒就可快速评价其制啤品质，适用于啤酒大麦育种早世代的品质筛选。 相似文献
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Sigma is a metric that quantifies the performance of a process as a rate of Defects-Per-Million opportunities. In clinical laboratories, sigma metric analysis is used to assess the performance of laboratory process system. Sigma metric is also used as a quality management strategy for a laboratory process to improve the quality by addressing the errors after identification. The aim of this study is to evaluate the errors in quality control of analytical phase of laboratory system by sigma metric. For this purpose sigma metric analysis was done for analytes using the internal and external quality control as quality indicators. Results of sigma metric analysis were used to identify the gaps and need for modification in the strategy of laboratory quality control procedure. Sigma metric was calculated for quality control program of ten clinical chemistry analytes including glucose, chloride, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, protein and creatinine, at two control levels. To calculate the sigma metric imprecision and bias was calculated with internal and external quality control data, respectively. The minimum acceptable performance was considered as 3 sigma. Westgard sigma rules were applied to customize the quality control procedure. Sigma level was found acceptable (≥3) for glucose (L2), cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, direct bilirubin and creatinine at both levels of control. For rest of the analytes sigma metric was found <3. The lowest value for sigma was found for chloride (1.1) at L2. The highest value of sigma was found for creatinine (10.1) at L3. HDL was found with the highest sigma values at both control levels (8.8 and 8.0 at L2 and L3, respectively). We conclude that analytes with the sigma value <3 are required strict monitoring and modification in quality control procedure. In this study application of sigma rules provided us the practical solution for improved and focused design of QC procedure. 相似文献
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Vladimira Rimac Sonja Podolar Anja Jokic Jelena Vlasic Tanaskovic Lorena Honovic Jasna Lenicek Krleza 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2022,32(1)
IntroductionInterpretation of laboratory test results is a complex post-analytical activity that requires not only understanding of the clinical significance of laboratory results but also the analytical phase of laboratory work. The aims of this study were to determine: 1) the general opinion of Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories (MBLs) about the importance of interpretative comments on laboratory test reports, and 2) to find out whether harmonization of interpretative comments is needed.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was designed as a survey by the Working Group for Post-analytics as part of national External Quality Assessment (EQA) program. All 195 MBLs participating in the national EQA scheme, were invited to participate in the survey. Results are reported as percentages of the total number of survey participants.ResultsOut of 195 MBLs, 162 participated in the survey (83%). Among them 59% MBLs implemented test result comments in routine according to national recommendations. The majority of laboratories (92%) state that interpretative comments added value to the laboratory reports, and a substantial part (72%) does not have feedback from physicians on their significance. Although physicians and patients ask for expert opinion, participants stated that the lack of interest of physicians (64%) as well as the inability to access patient’s medical record (62%) affects the quality of expert opinion.ConclusionAlthough most participants state that they use interpretative comments and provide expert opinions regarding test results, results of the present study indicate that harmonization for interpretative comments is needed. 相似文献
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通过把5Cr8MoVSi钢淬火温度控制在980-1050℃,并进行二次回火或三次回火,回火温度控制在480-510℃,可以很好的提高5Cr8MoVSi钢冲模的硬度,减少冲模裂纹。 相似文献