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1.
Sharma Manjula D. Millar Rosemary M. Smith Andrew Sefton Ian M. 《Research in Science Education》2004,34(3):267-289
We report on an investigation of students' ideas about gravity after a semester of instruction in physics at university. There are two aspects to the study which was concerned with students' answers to a carefully designed qualitative examination question on gravity. The first aspect is a classification of the answers and a comparative study of the ways the problem was tackled by two large groups of students who had different backgrounds in physics and were exposed to different teaching styles. The second aspect is to investigate how students link concepts to solve the problem. We used a phenomenographic analysis of student responses to extract patterns of reasoning and alternative conceptions behind the solutions. We found no differences between the classes of answers given by students in the two courses. Our analysis also identifies a hierarchy in the complexity of the hypothetical reasoning pathways, which we interpret as reflecting the ways in which students may link concepts and resolve conflicts as they solve the problem. The hypothetical reasoning pathways may help educators to develop instructional material or lecture room dialogue in order to tease out key issues. An unexpected finding is that there is a discrepancy between our conclusion that the two groups of answers are similar and the distribution of marks awarded by the examiner – which implies that the quality of the answers is different for the two groups. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes responses from 28 first-year university physics students to one question of a written test which was
followed up by an interview. The study has two main research aims. Firstly, it characterises the conceptual structures of
students regarding the phenomenon in question. As well as being interesting in their own right, these student understandings
cast light on some broader issues regarding understanding of field representations. While students' understandings of circuit
electricity are well described in the existing science education literature, their understandings of field phenomena are not.
Secondly, it throws light on theoretical questions about the SOLO Taxonomy, which is the framework used to study the students'
conceptual structures. Of particular interest is the nature of student thinking that marks transition from the Concrete Symbolic
to the Formal SOLO mode in this area.
Specializations: physics education, electricity and magnetism, conceptual structures, SOLO Taxonomy.
Specializations: SOLO Taxonomy, conceptual structures, mathematics education. 相似文献
3.
Annamari Ylonen Helena Gillespie Adam Green 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(6):1009-1017
This article argues that differing disciplinary assessment cultures are likely to be an important factor in explaining differences in student marks and grades both within and between higher education institutions. Using institution-wide data on undergraduate student marks over the last five years in one UK higher education institution we demonstrate variability in the distribution of marks in terms of the ‘distance travelled’. This issue was further explored via interviews with senior teaching-active staff. We suggest that the distribution of marks is likely to reflect different disciplinary assessment cultures as well as complexity in the process of marking and assessment. These findings signify that it will be highly challenging, if not impossible, to establish nationally comparable learning gain measures using student mark data because of the underlying inconsistencies in the process of awarding marks. In the current higher education context, with the ongoing implementation of the Teaching Excellence Framework, it remains important to debate and further investigate these issues with all stakeholders, including students. 相似文献
4.
Pauline A. Mahalski 《Higher Education》1992,24(1):113-132
Twenty-eight geography students were questioned about how they had prepared an essay about Africa and their answers were related to their essay marks. Each essay was marked by one of 9 postgraduate tutors and the researcher. Aspects of the students' essays, such as length and number of main points, were analysed and related to the students' marks. Tutors said that, in order to qualify for a high grade, students should have: answered the question, made a readable presentation, a logical presentation, and showed evidence of wide reading. These criteria were positively correlated with the students' marks and consistent with the comments which the tutors wrote on the students' essays. In this study, the students attained higher marks if they: included more main topics in their essays, had a readable writing style, produced more drafts for their essays, and cited more references. The results are discussed in relationship to advice about essay-writing in study manuals and other ways of helping students to improve their essay-writing. 相似文献
5.
介绍一种理论力学课程辅助教学软件，该软件采用下拉式菜单结构，题型全面，有常见的概念题，还有作图题和计算题；软件还具有出错提示、一题多解、分步记分等智能化的功能。使用它，可减轻教师批改作业的负担，提高教学效果。 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(2):224-241
This paper presents a detailed quantitative analysis of the use of seen questions within examinations in Economics option modules at one UK university. 4622 marks for seen and unseen questions awarded over a period of three years were analysed; the impact of personal characteristics was analysed using a sub-sample. It was found that the number of attempted answers to the seen question was somewhat lower than might be expected if students had engaged in random selection of examination questions and the proportion of students who attempted to answer the seen question varied both across modules and years. The majority of students who answered the seen question did so in only one module, and answering the seen question in more than one module did not have a positive impact on obtaining a good mark for the seen question. Most notably students who answered seen questions were more likely to obtain a good mark for seen than for unseen questions. The personal factors found to correlate with the likelihood of answering a seen question were gender, performance in Economics core modules, and type of school attended. Reasons for the findings are discussed and set within the context of innovation in Economics assessment. 相似文献
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8.
Rajeeva L. Karandikar 《Resonance》2006,11(3):86-93
I analyse various schemes of negative marking for tests consisting of multiple-choice questions and propose a scheme that
reduces the impact of random guessing. I also propose an alternate style of multiple-choice questions, where each question
may have several correct answers and the candidate is required to tick all correct answers in order to get credit. 相似文献
9.
Research indicates that teachers’ conceptions of and approaches to teaching with technology are central for the successful imple-mentation of educational technologies in higher education. This study advances this premise. We present a 10-year longitudinal study examining teachers’ conceptions of and approaches to teaching and learning with technology. Nine teachers on an online Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy and a Master of Pharmacy programme at a Swedish university were studied using a phenomenographic approach. Results showed clear differences between novice and experienced teachers. Although novice teachers initially held more teacher-focused conceptions, they demonstrated greater and more rapid change than experienced colleagues. Experienced teachers tended to exhibit little to no change in conceptions. Supporting conceptual change should, therefore, be a central component of professional development activities if a more effective use of educational technology is to be achieved. 相似文献
10.
The Minnesota Marking Attitude Scale was administered to 33 regular education and 20 special education teachers. Results showed that regular educators believed that marks have a positive influence on students while special educators believed marks have neither a positive nor a negative influence (p < .005). Special educators believed to a greater extent than did regular educators that marks should be manipulated in order to influence student behavior (p < .05) and that different standards should be used to evaluate different students (p < .001). Teachers also marked students' written short answers to two typical school questions. No significant differences were found between the marks assigned by the two groups of teachers to either set of answers. Assigned marks, attitude scores, and years of teaching experience were not significantly correlated with each other. Results are discussed in terms of implications for mainstreaming. 相似文献
11.
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is an important predictor of educational quality. PCK develops from various sources, such as teaching experience. Studies investigating the effects of teaching experience on PCK development mainly focus on the question whether experienced teachers differ from novices in the amount of PCK. In a mixed methods study, we study both quantitative and qualitative differences between pre-service and in-service teachers’ PCK. Total scores on a paper-and-pencil instrument are used as a measure of French PCK. To analyse the participants’ PCK in a qualitative way, answers are coded in four categories and the prevalence of answers in each category is compared between groups. Furthermore, the nature of answers is studied. No differences on our quantitative PCK measure are observed. The qualitative analysis shows that in-service teachers have more difficulties with conceptual knowledge, while showing more practical knowledge of students’ understanding than pre-service teachers. 相似文献
12.
Electronic marking tools that incorporate statement banks have become increasingly prevalent within higher education. In an experiment, printed and emailed feedback was returned to 243 first-year students on a credit-bearing laboratory report assessment. A transmission approach was used, students being provided with comments on their work, but no guidance as to how they should use these remarks. A multiple-choice question test, undertaken before and after the return of feedback, was used to measure learning. Although returned comments included model answers, test scores showed no overall enhancement, even when students’ marks for their laboratory reports were initially hidden. A negative and significant (p = .010) linear trend between relative test scores and test date suggests that even modest improvements in subject knowledge were lost over time. Despite this, students could accurately guess their mark based on emailed feedback alone, estimated and awarded marks being linearly correlated (p < .001). It is concluded that statement banks organised according to published assessment criteria can ultimately help students to appreciate how their work was graded. However, students should be encouraged to produce a structured response to received feedback if self-assessment is to occur. 相似文献
13.
Jan H.F. Meyer David P. Callaghan Tom E. Baldock 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2015,40(3):309-327
Threshold concepts are transformative, integrative, and provocative; understanding these difficult concepts allows students to be capable of solving advanced problems. This investigation and evaluation of a metacognitive curricular approach explore variation in students' and teachers' discernment of structural complexity of concepts and its potential for enhancing students' learning and conceptual understanding of threshold concepts. Three trials of a metacognitive assessment activity administered to two cohorts of a civil engineering course (n?=?276 and n?=?264) were investigated. Students were presented with several answers (varying in structural complexity) to a question about a threshold concept and asked to mark each response. Quantitative analyses compared students' and teachers' marking schemes within and across trials, and qualitative analyses explored students' written reflections following the activity. Students' justifications for their marking schemes, their reflections on the activity's usefulness, and the convergence of students' and teachers' marking schemes suggest that the activity supported deep forms of student learning. 相似文献
14.
高中政治开放性试题的SOLO评分方案研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
开放性试题具有开放性的结论,试题的条件、方法与结论之间也不再是一一对应的关系,使得传统的"采点给分"的评分方式不能与之相适应,这无疑影响了开放性试题的广泛使用。为解决这一难题,本文以SOLO分类评分法为基础,通过收集学生高中某道政治开放性试题的答案及教师对这些答案的评价,分析学生回答开放性试题时的典型反应方式,建构了适用于高中政治开放性试题的四维度、五水平的SOLO评分方案。 相似文献
15.
Fiona J. L. Handley Ann Read 《Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education》2017,21(4):135-139
In 2011, Southampton Solent University, a post-1992 university in southern England, introduced a new marking scheme with the aims of changing marking practice to achieve greater transparency and consistency in marking, and to ensure that the full range of marks was being awarded to students. This paper discusses the strategic background to the scheme's development, analyses the role of the working group and stakeholder involvement in developing the initiative, and presents a critical commentary on its success within the frame of the university as a ‘learning organisation’ [Senge, P. M. (2006). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation. London: Random House]. 相似文献
16.
Quality and Qualms in the Marking of University Assignments by Sessional Staff: An Exploratory Study 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The higher education sector is increasingly reliant upon casual (‘sessional’) staff for teaching and marking purposes. While
this practice has been little examined in the past, over the last few years increasing attention has been paid to the quality
of marking, mainly because students and academic staff alike are becoming increasingly likely to question examples of poor
practice. Hence, many universities in Australia are now attempting to introduce stricter procedures relating to marking. Despite
current concerns, there is little published research on marking practices in Australian universities. This paper adds to the
body of knowledge by reporting on two pieces of empirical research into the use of casual markers. A project at Charles Sturt
University comprised focus groups of, respectively, students, lecturers and markers, and a survey of distance education students.
Research at the University of South Australia focused on pedagogical issues relating to marking, comparing the approaches
of permanent lecturing staff with those of sessional markers. The results of these projects provide a useful insight into
areas of current concern to university staff and management. 相似文献
17.
Alan J. Cann 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2005,30(6):633-640
Extended matching sets questions (EMSQs) are a form of multiple‐choice question (MCQ) consisting of a stem (the question or scenario) with an extended number of possible answers. Although there is no consensus on their absolute format, for the purpose of this paper a multiple‐choice question with ten or more alternative answers is considered to be an EMSQ. Faced with the limitations imposed by virtual learning environment software, I have conducted a case study into the use of the EMSQ format in online assessment of numerical and statistical ability which shows that properly constructed questions of this type can play a valuable role in assessment of numeracy. The extended format was found to work well on screen and resulted in an increase in both student marks and student satisfaction when compared with other answer input formats. This case study indicates that the EMSQ format has much more widespread applicability for online assessment that its traditional uses. 相似文献
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Stuart A. Fry 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1990,15(3):177-189
The implementation of peer marking within an existing tutorial system is examined. Peer marks were found to be in close agreement with the tutor's, lending credibility to the approach. The benefits of peer marking were discussed with the students, including their possible improvement in examination technique. This teaching approach has the added advantage in that the tutor can more easily act as a facilitator (rather than as an assessor) in the tutorial sessions. At the end of the year an evaluation of peer marking was carried out
Results from a questionnaire showed that five relative advantages of peer marking had been achieved. Further, the students believed that their work had been marked fairly, and that peer marks should count towards their end‐of‐year marks. Peer marking was found tobe most successful, fully complementing a tutorial system of teaching. 相似文献