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1.
This study was conducted in a Reggio inspired child care classroom of 4-year olds where the fundamental principles of Reggio
Emilia preschools are interpreted for a Canadian context. Qualitative case study methodology was employed to investigate how
social interaction plays a role in young children’s learning processes. Drawing on social constructivist views of children’s
learning and socialization, children’s discussions and interactions within a preschool learning group were examined. Examination
of children’s discourse is valuable not only for understanding individual and group learning experiences but also for illuminating
children’s agency and their active roles in their own learning. The study focused on the in-depth study of six children’s
activities during a ‘Shades of Pink’ project. As the project, ‘Shades of Pink’ unfolded, the children faced cognitive conflict while they were talking about the details of Monet’s painting, but worked
toward building common understandings. In this study, children are considered to be meaning makers and active participants
in their own learning processes. In addition, the relationships between children became a context in which the co-construction
of theories, interpretations and various understandings of reality took place. Small group work became a basis for creating
unity, a space in which thoughts took shape as well as a way to compare interpretations; with the result that new thoughts
and meanings were produced. 相似文献
2.
Positive approaches to learning are considered essential for young children’s school readiness and early school success. Researchers
have reported that positive learning approaches, such as attentiveness and goal orientation, are associated with higher levels
of early school achievement in math and reading. The present study extends this research by examining children’s learning
approaches in the context of classroom activities from a range of curricular areas. Ninety-two children from pre-kindergarten
and kindergarten classrooms took part in the study. Four approaches to learning were rated during children’s participation
in seven classroom learning activities. Results showed that positive learning approaches were a significant contributor to
children’s performance, but they were not equally effective in all activities. The effectiveness of a learning approach depends,
in part, on the characteristics of the activity in which the child is engaged. We discuss the implications of these results
for understanding the study of learning approaches, and for classroom practices designed to promote their development. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the range of outcomes of class visits to natural history museums.
The theoretical framework is based on the multifaceted process of learning in free choice learning environments, and emphasizes
the unique and individual learning experience in museum settings. The study’s significance is in highlighting several possible
cognitive as well as non-cognitive learning effects in museums class visits, by providing the student’s point of view. Data
was collected by semi-structured interviews with 50 students in grades 6–8 on the day following the visit. We present evidence
that students expressed several learning outcomes, connected directly and indirectly to the scientific content of the visit.
Content oriented outcomes included acquiring scientific knowledge and making connections to prior knowledge; social oriented
outcomes were identified in students’ statements regarding communicating knowledge and social aspects of learning; and interest
oriented outcomes were evidenced by students’ expressions about emotions, interest and curiosity. The aggregate data addressed
the common outcomes and the impact of class visits to natural history museums in the short term. Comparisons between two types
of museums show significant differences in several aspects, regarding the exhibit and/or the activity type. Practical ideas
for structuring the ultimate experience are included. 相似文献
4.
This article examines the role elementary school children’s spontaneous metaphors play in learning science. The data consists
of tape recordings of about 25 h from five different schools. The material is analysed using a practical epistemology analysis
and by using Dewey’s ideas on the continuity and transformation of experience. The results show the rich and varied meanings
that children put into their spontaneous metaphors. Their metaphors deal with facts as well as norms and aesthetics in relation
to the science content taught and they influence learning both through what is made salient, as well as through their relations
to the children’s possibilities of proceeding with their undertakings. Often one and the same metaphor encompassed all these
cognitive, aesthetic and normative aspects at the same time. It is discussed how this rich meaning can be cultured in a productive
way, and how the children’s spontaneous metaphors, with all their relations, can be used to enhance conceptual learning and
also learning about the nature of metaphor use in science. Through their connection with various experiences of the children,
it is also shown how children’s spontaneous metaphors have the potential to enliven and humanise the subject. 相似文献
5.
This article provides suggestions on ways in which science process skills can be taught in a meaningful context through children’s literature. It is hoped that the following examples of how process skills can be taught using children’s books will provide a starting point from which primary teachers can create additional examples. Many possibilities exist within the world of children’s literature to develop process skills in a meaningful way. 相似文献
6.
Danielle B. Harlow 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2012,23(2):199-220
In this study, pre-service teachers facilitated stations at a family science night as a context to learn to identify, assess,
and use children’s science ideas. Assessment is already difficult in K-12 classrooms. Assessing learning in informal learning
environments adds the complication that participation is largely voluntary. As such, controlling the learners’ participation
to systematically assess learning is counter to the intents of informal environments. The pre-service teachers in this study
experienced success at teaching science and developed understandings about children’s science ideas. Data included reflective
postings, class discussions, observations, artifacts, and photographs. The findings contribute to understanding the value
of multiple learning contexts in teacher preparation and lead to implications about leveraging informal science contexts for
educating teachers. 相似文献
7.
This article considers the impact of the early stages of an international project, Gardens for Life (GfL), on children’s perceptions
of school gardening and on their learning. The project involved 67 schools in England, Kenya and India and focused on the
growing of crops, recognising the importance of both the process and product of this activity in the different countries.
The theoretical framework was derived from consideration of informal learning, and more specifically experiential learning,
drawing on prior research undertaken in the context of school gardening. The research approach is characterised by the use
of concept maps to uncover the characteristically different ways in which children discerned school gardening and to help
to provide insight into their understanding of this activity. It was supported by contextual observation, interviews and children’s
drawings to aid the interpretation and understanding. The study showed a positive impact on learning and on the perceptions
of children towards school gardening in all three countries. It also highlighted the different perceptions, interpretations
and understanding of school gardening in the different cultures and environments, as well as the various aspects of it which
the children themselves highlighted. 相似文献
8.
Erin E. Turner Corey Drake Amy Roth McDuffie Julia Aguirre Tonya Gau Bartell Mary Q. Foote 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2012,15(1):67-82
Research repeatedly documents that teachers are underprepared to teach mathematics effectively in diverse classrooms. A critical
aspect of learning to be an effective mathematics teacher for diverse learners is developing knowledge, dispositions, and
practices that support building on children’s mathematical thinking, as well as their cultural, linguistic, and community-based
knowledge. This article presents a conjectured learning trajectory for prospective teachers’ (PSTs’) development related to
integrating children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases (i.e., the understandings and experiences that have the potential to shape and support children’s mathematics learning—including
children’s mathematical thinking, and children’s cultural, home, and community-based knowledge), in mathematics instruction.
Data were collected from 200 PSTs enrolled in mathematics methods courses at six United States universities. Data sources
included beginning and end-of-semester surveys, interviews, and PSTs’ written work. Our conjectured learning trajectory can
serve as a tool for mathematics teacher educators and researchers as they focus on PSTs’ development of equitable mathematics
instruction. 相似文献
9.
Eija Pakarinen Noona Kiuru Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen Anna-Maija Poikkeus Martti Siekkinen Jari-Erik Nurmi 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2010,25(3):281-300
This study examined the extent to which observed teaching practices and self-reported teacher stress predict children’s learning
motivation and phonological awareness in kindergarten. The pre-reading skills of 1,268 children were measured at the beginning
of their kindergarten year. Their learning motivation and phonological awareness were assessed in the following spring. Questionnaires
measuring teacher stress were filled out by 137 kindergarten teachers. A pair of trained observers used the Classroom Assessment
Scoring System (Pianta et al. 2008) to observe 49 kindergarten teachers from the whole sample on their emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional
support. The results of multilevel modeling showed that low teacher stress and high classroom organization predicted high
learning motivation in children and that the children’s learning motivation contributed to their level of phonological awareness.
Moreover, children’s learning motivation mediated the association between teacher stress and children’s phonological awareness.
The results emphasize the importance of teachers’ pedagogical well-being and classroom organizational quality for children’s
learning motivation. 相似文献
10.
“It’s the X and Y Thing”: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Changes in Children’s Understanding of Genes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies from different theoretical traditions investigating children’s inheritance and genetics concepts have adopted a cross-sectional
method. This paper is the first to examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in children’s basic genetic concepts.
It forms part of a larger investigation into the development of intuitive inheritance and genetics concepts in childhood.
Four age cohorts (4–5 years, 7–8 years, 10–11 years, 14–15 years) were interviewed individually at two measurement occasions
(T1, N = 182; T2, N = 164) separated by a 1-year interval. Cross-sectional analyses revealed an increase in children’s knowledge of genetics
by 10 years. Between 10 and 14 years, there were fewer changes in the content of children’s knowledge, especially at the level
of scientific genetic understanding. There was little evidence of longitudinal changes over the 1-year period. Overall, children
may hold an understanding of genetics that is tied to knowledge of inheritance within families. This may pose challenges for
acquiring more abstract and formal concepts of genes. 相似文献
11.
Sumru Akcan 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2005,32(6):359-364
This article describes a learning context in which the first grade classroom teacher creates a learning community where she uses different teaching strategies to encourage children’s second language use and learning. The first graders share, discuss, and learn both the second language (German) and content. 相似文献
12.
Angela M. Wiseman 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2009,36(4):333-338
The purpose of this study is to consider how mothers of kindergartners navigate their families’ experiences within a community
and how their children’s school experiences affect their interactions and investment in a place. The questions this research
asks is: How do mothers define and describe their neighborhood? What role does the school play as mothers navigate their children’s
experiences in the community? Findings indicate that the way that families conceptualize and manage their context indicates
that their values, needs, and life aspirations, which are clearly connected to their experiences and perceptions of the school. 相似文献
13.
Zheng Lin 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(4):279-287
This paper reports on a study of interactive dynamic assessment undertaken by children learning English listening and speaking
as a Foreign Language in a kindergarten. It investigates how an interactive dynamic assessment could be designed to assess
young English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners, what information such an interactive dynamic assessment may generate about
the language program and the participating children, and how such information may promote children’s EFL learning. Instead
of being context-independent and solely form-focused, this interactive dynamic assessment is contextualised within an English
intervention program and incorporated with a pre-formulated set of supportive mediations for the participating children. The
study shows this interactive dynamic assessment differs from traditional non-dynamic assessments in that it includes the assessor’s
mediation and thereby generates the information about the participating children’s needs for and potential responses to mediation.
It also demonstrates the potential of an interactive dynamic assessment in promoting children’s EFL learning and supporting
teaching EFL. 相似文献
14.
Liv Gjems 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,38(4):271-278
As a genre of talk, narratives represent important building blocks in children’s learning in many fields. The purpose of the
study presented in this article is to examine how teachers can encourage children’s learning about people’s beliefs through
narrating. Narratives play an important part in children’s learning to understand other people and how they will act according
to what they believe, think or know. This study is based on video observations of six children, 3 and 4 years old, and their
spontaneous personal narratives told to teachers over a period of 8 months. The narrative analysis revealed that in most of
the narratives the teachers were passive listeners or were concerned about the structure of events. The teachers seldom asked
questions about the children’s mental state or disagreed with the child in ways that revealed their different beliefs. Suggestions
about implications of this study are that early childhood teacher education should focus on talking with children about what
they may think or believe concerning narrated events, and also reveal what they think and believe themselves. 相似文献
15.
Patricia M. Cooper 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2007,34(5):315-322
Today’s emphasis on using children’s literature as a tool to teach reading and writing sub-skills distracts teachers’ attention
from looking to children’s books for their historical role in helping children navigate the intellectual, social, and emotional
terrains of childhood. This article argues, first, that early childhood educators must remain fluent in the use of literature
that supports young children’s psychosocial development. Second, teachers must establish criteria for choice. By way of example,
it examines two popular books for young children, Sendak’s (1963) Where the Wild Things Are [New York: HarperCollins Publishers] and Shannon’s (1998) No, David! [New York: Blue Sky Press] Three theoretical perspectives guide the analysis. The first combines Dewey’s (1938/97) [Experience and education. New York:Touchstone] impetus for learning and Vygotsky’s (1978) [Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press] theory that learning precedes development through scaffolded social
interaction. The second is Erikson’s (1950, 1985) [Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.] theory of psychosocial development in light of the
4–6-year-old’s drive towards self-regulation, control, and independence. The third is Rosenblatt’s (1978) [The reader, the text, the poem. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English] transactional nature of reading. 相似文献
16.
Pei Wen Tzuo 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2007,35(1):33-39
This article explores the meaning of child-centeredness in Early Childhood Education (ECE), by shedding light on the nuanced
tensions between teacher control and children’s freedom. While ECE professionals advocate the importance of children’s individual
interests and needs in education, they diverge somewhat in their perspectives about the teacher’s role in education. This
article manifests and tries to resolve this teaching dilemma through incorporating the related theories (Piaget, Vygotsky,
Dewey, and Montessori) upholding and encompassing child-centeredness. The author contends that high teacher control and high
children’s freedom are not exclusive of one another: children’s freedom is defined in an active way, as freedom to participate,
rather than in a passive way, as freedom from any constrains. The paper concludes with a metaphor of “impressionist painting”,
which may offer some insights helpful to those who have struggled with the tension between teacher control and children’s
freedom in the context of progressive and critical pedagogy. 相似文献
17.
Four year old children’s acquisition of print knowledge during electronic storybook reading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The experiment reported here explored the importance of engaging 4-year-old children’s interest in the print itself during
storybook reading. We explored the effect of computer animation of the print in order to draw the child’s attention to each
word as it was read. We also investigated the influence of illustrating that not all visual displays are readable print on
the child’s print knowledge. The measures of interest were print concept knowledge and early reading skill. Results indicated
that simply drawing children’s attention to the print during shared reading was insufficient to facilitate children’s learning
of print conventions, but this attention to print while hearing stories read did improve children’s letter reading. The child’s
active engagement with the print during shared story reading led to further improvements in written language skills, as illustrated
by gains in knowledge about print concepts. 相似文献
18.
We believe that science journals can be used in the preschool classroom as tools for supporting and assessing children’s learning
of science- and literacy-relevant content and procedures. To support this argument, we review changes in attitudes about the
cognitive competencies of preschoolers and in teaching and learning expectations for early childhood education. We describe
practical aspects of using science notebooks with this age group and discuss specific ways that journals support children’s
learning. Finally, the role of journals in assessment is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Katherine Becker 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,40(2):107-114
The purpose of this study was to explore patronage and usage of the children’s section of a public library. Patrons of the
children’s section of a public library in a small Northern Arizona city were observed for a total of 24 h over 12 sessions.
Analytic induction was used to formulate categories based on field notes made during these observations. An observation of
a story time session was also conducted. Data from an interview with a librarian was triangulated with observational data.
In terms of patronage, the clear majority of parents/adult caregivers accompanying a child or children to the children’s section
were observed to be female and speaking English. In terms of usage, the following three categories of early learning were
identified from the data: early literacy learning; learning how to use a library; and other developmentally appropriate learning.
Study results offer insight into both the role of females in the intergenerational transmission of literacy and the rich learning
young children experience at the library. At a time of library cutbacks and closures across the United States, this study
speaks to the continued relevance of the children’s section of the public library in providing free early learning experiences
during the pivotal birth to five age range. 相似文献
20.
Adina Shamir Michal Zion Ornit Spector_Levi 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(4):384-398
The main objective of the study reported was to explore the effect on young children’s critical thinking of a peer-tutoring
training embedded with the metacognitive processes required for problem-based learning and, consequently, for critical thinking.
The sample consisted of 90 first- and third-grade pupils (45 pairs) randomly assigned to the experimental or control group.
The experimental tutors received the Peer Mediation training, an intervention containing embedded metacognitive processes.
The control children received a general preparation for peer-assisted learning. Following their respective preparations, all
the children participated in a peer-tutoring condition, videotaped for 25 min and subsequently analyzed with an adaptation
of the Newman et al. (Interpers Comput Technol 3(2):56–77, 1995) content analysis instrument. Analysis of the discourse conducted
during the tutoring session indicated that the tutors and tutees in the experimental groups exhibited greater depth of critical
thinking, demonstrated in the higher Quality of Discourse Ratio calculated, than did the tutors and tutees in the control
group. The findings supported previous results showing the efficacy of the Peer Mediation for Young Children mediation-training program, with its embedded metacognitive competencies, for reinforcing young children’s higher-order thinking.
Implications for educators are discussed. 相似文献