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1.
In spite of important differences in some of the resources immigrant parents have to invest in their children, and in immigrant selection rules and settlement policies, there are significant similarities in the relative positions of 4- and 5-year-old children of immigrants in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Children of immigrants underperform their counterparts with native-born parents in vocabulary tests, particularly if a language other than the official language is spoken at home, but are not generally disadvantaged in nonverbal cognitive domains, nor are there notable behavioral differences. These findings suggest that the cross-country differences in cognitive outcomes during the teen years documented in the existing literature are much less evident during the early years. 相似文献
2.
This study was designed to examine whether the phonetic regularity of a language can significantly influence the prevalence and pattern of developmental dyslexia. Demographically matched samples of fifth-grade children in Italy (N = 448) and the United States (N = 1,278) were evaluated to identify children with specific reading disabilities. Reading disabled children with average intelligence were compared to normal controls on a series of neuropsychological tests to evaluate specific cognitive deficits associated with reading disorders in each country. The findings suggested that (a) dyslexia is more prevalent in the United States than in Italy, (b) reading disabilities are strongly associated with disorders of verbal processing in both countries, although some American dyslexics also show visual-motor deficits, and (c) there is a greater dissociation between reading comprehension and decoding in Italian than in English. 相似文献
3.
《Parenting, science and practice》2013,13(4):371-386
Objective. Gaps in cross-cultural study limit understanding of whether effects of marital discord on children are culturally universal. Design. Israeli (39 boys; 40 girls) and U.S. (97 boys; 118 girls) kindergarteners responded to analog presentations of resolved and unresolved marital conflicts. Results. Children reacted negatively to marital conflict across cultures and were sensitive to the topics of conflict, whether or not it was escalating and whether or not conflict was resolved. Modest differences in responding also emerged: U.S. children reported more happiness for resolved conflicts and more distressed emotions and coping responses to unresolved conflicts. Moreover, only the expectations of U.S. children about future marital relations were affected by resolution. Conclusions. The evidence mostly supported similarities between the United States and Israel with regard to children's responding to conflicts, extending findings based on extensive research in the U.S. 相似文献
4.
D L Best J E Williams J M Cloud S W Davis L S Robertson J R Edwards H Giles J Fowles 《Child development》1977,48(4):1375-1384
The Sex Stereotype Measure II (SSM II), a 32-item revision of the Williams, Bennett, and Best Sex Stereotype Measure, was developed to assess children's knowledge of conventional, sex-trait stereotypes defined by American university students. The procedure employed brief stories and human figure silhouettes which were individually administered to 5- and 8-year-old children in the United States, England, and Ireland and group administered to 11-year-olds in the United States. In the United States, knowledge of sex-trait stereotypes was found to develop in a linear fashion between the ages of 5 and 11, with more male traits than female traits being known at each age level. Cross-nationally, there was a high degree of similarity in the nature of the sex stereotypes being learned by the children in the 3 countries, although the rate of learning appeared slower among the Irish children. In all countries there was a clear progression in sex-stereotype learning from age 5 to age 8. English boys had greater knowledge of stereotypes than English girls, but this was not true in Ireland and the United States. Generally, knowledge of male stereotype traits appeared to develop earlier while knowledge of the female traits increased more rapidly between ages 5 and 8. The similarity in sex-stereotype learning in the 3 countries is discussed, and studies in progress in other countries of greater cultural diversity are noted. 相似文献
5.
We explore the developmental origins of intervention against gender-based pay inequality in 4- to 9-year-old children in the United States (N = 123; Study 1) and Peru (N = 115; Study 2), two countries characterized by different norms surrounding gender pay equity. We presented children with scenarios that featured gender-based pay inequality, and they could intervene at a cost to redistribute the earnings. We examined whether children favor equality or show gender bias in intervention depending on the direction of gender pay inequality. Across both societies, both girls and boys intervened against gender inequality regardless of its direction, a tendency that grew stronger with age. These findings suggest that despite developing in societies with existing gender pay inequalities, children strongly privilege equality. 相似文献
6.
中日美会计高等教育目标的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张白玲 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2001,2(4):69-72
通过对中日美三国会计高等教育目标的比较，研究这些国家各个历史时期不同会计教育目标形成的社会背景。提出与中国国情相适应的会计高等教育目标。 相似文献
7.
《Early education and development》2013,24(3):245-264
Family and child care policies in the United States and Denmark are discussed. Key issues in the article address the contrasting discourses that frame policies about the poor, about women and welfare, about single motherhood, and about the role and responsibility of government in providing for the welfare of children. The dismantling of entitlements and the shredding of the safety net in the United States is critically analyzed and contrasted with the Danish discourse of universalism and social citizenship rights. 相似文献
8.
This paper reports the results of a cross-cultural comparison of violence towards children in the United States and Sweden. Data from the United States are based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,146 households with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 17 years living at home. Data from Sweden are based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,168 households with a child 3 to 17 years of age at home. Violence and abuse were measured using the Conflict Tactics Scales. In general, Swedish parents reported using less violence than did parents in the United States. There was no significant difference between the two countries in the rate of reported severe or abusive violence. The paper compares factors found associated with violence towards children in the two countries, including age, marital status, education, and parents' background. The results are analyzed by considering methodological and cultural factors that explain the similarities and differences in the use of violence towards children in the two countries. 相似文献
9.
Valerie Polakow 《Early education and development》1997,8(3):245-264
Family and child care policies in the United States and Denmark are discussed. Key issues in the article address the contrasting discourses that frame policies about the poor, about women and welfare, about single motherhood, and about the role and responsibility of government in providing for the welfare of children. The dismantling of entitlements and the shredding of the safety net in the United States is critically analyzed and contrasted with the Danish discourse of universalism and social citizenship rights. 相似文献
10.
Parent Reports of Behavioral and Emotional Problems among Children in Kenya, Thailand, and the United States 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The behavioral and emotional problems children develop may differ from one cultural context to another. We explored this possibility, comparing 11–15-year-old Embu children in Kenya, Thai children, African-American children, and Caucasian-American children. Standardized parent reports on 118 problems revealed 62 significant ( p < .01) culture effects. Caucasian-Americans were rated particularly high on undercontrolled problems (e.g., arguing, disobedient at home, cruel to others). Embu children were rated particularly high on overcontrolled problems (e.g., fears, feels guilty, somatic concerns), largely because of the numerous somatic problems reported. The findings may relate to the strict emphasis on compliance and obedience among the Embu, as opposed to the greater independence permitted in the United States. But alternative interpretations are discussed as well, including the effects of parent sensitivities and Third World living conditions. 相似文献
11.
生活在美国的华人华侨已逾130万,很多华人父母不愿看到在它文化环境中成长的子女丧失自己的民族语言和文化传统,于是自发举办中文学校.本文介绍了美国中文学校的产生、发展和现状,较为详细地论述了美国中文学校的运行状况. 相似文献
12.
文章认为，非公有制经济的健康发展，需要统一战线工作的大力支持与扶持。在新的历史条件下，我们的统一战线工作必须以创新的姿态，积极探索引导非公有制经济健康发展的新举措。文章结合现实，提出了引导非公有制经济健康发展的统战工作新模式。 相似文献
13.
This paper focuses on the cognitive development of young children from diverse backgrounds with a particular focus on ethnic and nativity differences in home environments. Hypotheses are developed addressing the extent to which home environment and parenting practices mediate the relationship between mother's age at arrival and cognitive development in early childhood. Data from the first two waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth cohort are employed. Children whose mothers arrived in the United States at the youngest ages (0–7 years) have similar cognitive scores to children whose mothers are born in the United States once socioeconomic status and family background are considered. Multivariate analyses indicate parenting practices and home environment are associated with cognitive development and act as partial mediators between cognitive scores and mother's age at arrival. Overall, the results highlight the need to consider parental migration experiences and differences in the home environments of children of immigrants in the United States as sources of variation in outcomes for the second-generation. 相似文献
14.
美国宗教伦理的特殊内涵及其与美国的特殊历史条件相结合，形成的乡镇自治传统．自由、平等观念，使得宗教为维护美国民主制度提供了持久的民情。 相似文献
15.
美国儿童社会工作的职业伦理本位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孙晓玲 《深圳职业技术学院学报》2009,8(4):7-11,74
儿童社会工作是社会进步、福利制度不断完善的产物。儿童社会工作质量的提升,除了依赖众所周知的社会财富因素之外,制度建设和社工职业伦理建设则更为根本,这是由儿童社会工作的性质——以价值伦理为导向的职业性助人工作——决定的。经过百年探索和革新,美国儿童社会工作形成了比较完备的职业伦理规范,研究和学习美国儿童社会工作的经验,对于我国社工职业的“本土化”进程具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
美国非常重视个性化教育 ,这与杜威的思想有着直接的渊源。杜威从实用主义哲学思想出发 ,强调“从经验中学习” ,奠定了美国个性化教育的理论基础 ;而从杜威的“儿童中心说”出发 ,强调以儿童为本 ,则直接促成了儿童个性的发展 相似文献
17.
Russell W. Dalton 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(3):298-313
This article is based on a study of hundreds of children's bible storybooks available in the United States from 1850 to the present and focuses on the way the biblical stories of Noah and Jonah have been retold for children. These children's bible storybooks lend insight into the American church's changing assumptions about the purpose of the religious education of children and the nature of the Bible and its role in religious instruction. The author suggests that these retellings often change Hebrew Bible stories in ways that rob them of the very features that make them helpful resources for religious education. The author also offers suggestions for future authors, illustrators, and consumers of children's bible storybooks. 相似文献
18.
Eman El. Naggar Gaad 《British Journal of Special Education》2001,28(4):195-203
It is always instructive to hear about the experiences of those seeking to promote inclusion in a range of cultures and countries around the world. In this article Dr Gaad, Assistant Professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of the United Arab Emirates, reports on her Government-funded research into the education of children with Down's syndrome in her country. As an Arabic speaker, Dr Gaad was able to gather the views of parents, professionals and policy makers in some depth. As an educator, she brought a critical level of analysis to the lessons she observed.
In the following pages, Dr Gaad reflects on the attitudes, values and beliefs that impact upon the education of children with Down's syndrome in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). She discusses the educational services that are currently provided for these children and gives focused consideration to the issue of inclusion. The article closes with Dr Gaad's recommendations for future practice. 相似文献
In the following pages, Dr Gaad reflects on the attitudes, values and beliefs that impact upon the education of children with Down's syndrome in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). She discusses the educational services that are currently provided for these children and gives focused consideration to the issue of inclusion. The article closes with Dr Gaad's recommendations for future practice. 相似文献
19.
A powerful means to understand young children's normative development in context is to examine their everyday activities. The daily activities of 79 children (3 years old) were observed, for 20 hr each, in their usual settings. Children were selected from 4 cultural groups: European American and African American (Greensboro, United States), Luo (Kisumu, Kenya), and European descent (Porto Alegre, Brazil), evenly divided by social class. Examining children's naturally occurring engagement in school-relevant activities, both in and out of child care, revealed the importance of ecological context. The variation in activities was not explainable simply by cultural group (including race within the United States) or social class, but by the intersection of culture and class. The developmental implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
20.
我国改革开放推动了社会阶层结构的变化,原有的阶层已经分化重组。简要阐述了阶层变化的基本情况,从统战角度分析了阶层变化对政治、经济、文化的影响,探讨了统一战线因应阶层变化的对策。 相似文献